2021年中考英语基础语法专题练习-名词.docx

2021年中考英语基础语法专题练习 名词

2021年中考英语基础语法专题练习 名词

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专题一 名词
学前自测（发现考点）
( )1. Not much of the ____ is surprising in Guangzhou Daily today.
A. ideas B. news C. opinions D. articles
( )2. —Would you like something to drink? — ____, please.
A. Two bottle of orange B. Two bottle of oranges
C. Two bottles of orange D. Two bottles of oranges
( )3. —I had ___ for breakfast this morning. What about you, Lily? —Just a piece of bread.
A. some noodles B. a few noodle
C. a little noodle D. a noodle
( )4. When we are in trouble, we need to get ___ from others.
A. many money B. some advice
C. many help D. some chances
( )5. Green represents ____ and nature. When you feel weak, you can wear green.
A. sadness B. purity C. joy D. energy
( )6. Mickey is one of the most famous ____ in American _____.
A. symbol; culture B. symbol; cultures
C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures
( )7. Spring is Tom’s favourite ____. He likes warm weather.
A. holiday B. season C. fruit D. drink
( )8. In autumn there are a lot of ____ on the ground.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leave
( )9. Look! You can see many ___ in the pool. And here is some ___ for you to keep them.
A. fish; suggestion B. fishes; advices
C. fish; advice D. fishes; suggestion
( )10. ___ Day is coming. I will buy some ____for Miss Wu.
A. Teacher's; flower B. Teachers'; flowers
C. Teachers'; flower D. Teacher's; flowers

常考考点知识清单（研习考点）
考点一 可数名词的复数形式
1. 规则变化
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加-s
pen—pens; doctor—doctors; map—maps
以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾
加-es
bus—buses; box—boxes; watch—watches; brush—brushes
以辅音字母加 y 结尾
将 y 变为 I 再加-es
factory—factories; family—families
情况
构成方法
例词
以元音字母加 y 结尾
只加-s
boy—boys; day—days
以 o 结尾
有生命的加-es
Negro—Negroes; hero—heroes; potato—potatoes; tomato—tomatoes巧记:黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿。 (两人两菜)

无生命的加-s
photo—photos; radio—radios; piano—pianos
情况
构成方法
例词
以 f 或 fe 结尾
将 f 或 fe 变为 v 再加-es
wife—wives; thief—thieves; shelf—shelves; knife—knives; wolf—
wolves; half—halves; leaf—leaves; life—lives
巧记:妻见小偷架下藏,手拿小刀想杀狼,谁知落下半片叶,砸在头上一命亡。

加-s
roof—roofs

2. 不规则变化
(1) man—men; woman—women; child—children;
foot—feet; tooth—teeth; goose—geese; mouse—mice
(2) 单复数相同:sheep—sheep; deer—deer; fish—fish
注意:fish 强调鱼的条数的时候,单复数同形;强调鱼的种类的时候,复数形式要加-es,即 fishes。

(3) 某国人变复数的歌诀:中日不变英法变,其余-s 加后面。
Chinese—Chinese; Japanese—Japanese;
Englishman—Englishmen; American—Americans

(4) 有些名词本身是复数形式,如:clothes; pants; trousers; jeans; shorts; glasses; people 等。
注意:people 当“人们”讲时,本身是复数形式;当“民族”讲时,是单数形式,其复数要在末尾加-s。a people; 56 peoples

3. 复合名词的数
(1) 一般情况下把后面一个名词变为复数,作定语的名词不变。
a girl student—five girl students; an apple tree—ten apple trees

(2) 由 man 和 woman 构成的复合名词,变复数时要把名词和 man/ woman 同时变为复数。
a man doctor—three men doctors; a woman teacher—six women teachers
(3) sport 作定语修饰其他名词时,无论主题词是单数还是复数,sport 通常用复数形式。
a sports club; sports shoes
注意:时间名词作定语有两种形式:
两天的假期 a two-day holiday 或 two days’ holiday
十分钟的路程 a ten-minute ride 或 ten minutes’ ride

考点二 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词 a/ an 修饰,但可用 much, a lot of / lots of, plenty of, some, lit-tle, a little 等修饰。 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
There is some tea in the cup. 茶杯里有些茶。
2. 不可数名词还常用“数词/ 不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示不可数名词的量。 a piece of paper 一张纸, two cups of tea 两杯茶,a glass of water 一玻璃杯水,three bottles of pop 三瓶汽水。 作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于 of 前面的量词的数。
There are three glasses of orange juice on the table. 桌子上有三杯橙汁。

考点三 名词所有格
1. ’s 所有格
情况
方法
例子
单数名词
加 ’s
my friend’s uncle 我朋友的叔叔
以 s 结尾的复数名词
加 ’
Teachers’ Day 教师节
不以 s 结尾的复数名词
加 ’s
Children's Day 儿童节
表示两人共有
在最后一个名词后加 ’s
Lucy and Lily's mother 露西和莉莉的妈妈
表示各自所有
在各个名词后加 ’s
Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms 露西的房间和莉莉的房间

2. of 所有格
主要用于表示无生命事物的所有关系。
the name of the film 电影的名字 the cover of the book 书的封面
3. 双重所有格
“名词+of+名词性物主代词/ 名词所有格”构成双重所有格形式。
a friend of hers 她的一个朋友 a friend of Mike's 迈克的一个朋友

考点四 专有名词
专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。 它的第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。
1. 表示人名、尊称和头衔的专有名词
Einstein 爱因斯坦
President Obama 奥巴马总统
Doctor Lin 林博士/ 林医生
Queen Elizabeth II 伊利莎白女王二世
Mr Brown 布朗先生
注意:人名的前面若有尊称或头衔,如 Mr (先生), President (总统)等时,其第一个字母也要大写。
2. 表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词
Korea 韩国 Paris 巴黎
Pacific Ocean 太平洋 Mississippi 密西西比河
Mt. Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰
3. 表示团体、机构和报刊的专有名词
Museum of Postal History 邮政博物馆
China Daily 中国日报
Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院
Harvard University 哈佛大学
4. 表示星期、月份和节日的专有名词
Monday 星期一 March 三月
National Day 国庆节
5. 由普通名词构成的专有名词
the North Pole 北极 the River Nile 尼罗河
the Forbidden City 紫禁城 the Bund 上海外滩
the Great Wall 长城
the Temple of Heaven 天坛
the White House 白宫
the Terracotta Warriors 兵马俑
the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国
注意:上面列举的由普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”,但它的首字母不大写。

巩固训练（夯实基础）
一、单项选择
( )1. —May I help you? —Yes, I'd like to have 20 ____. I need them to draw pictures.
A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper
C. pieces of papers D. piece of papers
( )2. —How does the old man make a ___ on the farm? —He raises many .
A. life; duck B. living; horse
C. life; bird D. living; sheep
( )3. —Can I help you? —I'd like ____ for twin daughters.
A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe
C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes
( )4. —Kate, what's in the big bowl? —A few _____ and a little .
A. pear; water B. pears; waters
C. pear; waters D. pears; water
( )5. —The two cities have reached an ____ to develop science and technology.
—That's great!
A. education B. excitement C. agreement D. invitation
( )6. —Look, my shirt is the same as your —So it is.
A. brother B. sisters C. brothers D. brother's
( )7. Recently people care more about the safety of ____. Everyone wants to eat healthily.
A. foods B. clothes C. buildings D. water
( )8. In our school, the number of women teachers ____ becoming larger and larger.
A. is B. are C. be D. been
( )9. —There are twenty ____ in our school. —Yes, and they work very hard.
A. man teacher B. man teachers C. men teachers D. men teacher
( )10. —I saw lots of _____ in the hall. —And there were several _____ in it, too.
A. American; Japanese B. Americans; Japanese
C. American; Japaneses D. Americans; Japaneses

二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.We played a joke on Jim on April ______ (Fool) Day.
2. There are many __________ (Frenchman) visiting this place.
3. Mr Green is a businessman and he runs four ______ (factory).
4. It is a _______ (please) for me to stay with you.
5. Our school will have a ______ (sport) meeting next weekend.
6. It’s _______ (Lucy) book. Please give it to her.
7. I took a lot of ______ (photo) in Hong Kong Disneyland.
8. Thanks for giving me so much __________ (information).
9. It’s five ________(minute) walk from here to my home.
10. What’s the ______ (long) of this river?

答案：
学前自测
1-5 BCABD 6-10 CBCCB

巩固训练
一、
1-5 BDDDC 6-10 DAACB

二、
1. Fool’s
2. Frenchmen
3. factories
4. pleasure
5. sports
6. Lucy’s
7. photos
8. information
9. minutes’
10. length