英语专业英汉基本颜色词中文化内涵的对比研究.doc

商丘学院

毕业论文

（ 2011届本科）

题 目： 英汉基本颜色词中文化内涵的对比研究
学 院： 外国语学院
专 业： 英 语
作者姓名： 户美君
指导教师： 职称： 副教授
完成日期： 2014 年 12 月 25 日

二○一四年十二月

目录

商丘学院本科生毕业论文（设计）诚信声明 1
商丘学院本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告 2
正文 7
商丘学院本科生毕业论文（设计）题目审批表 24
商丘学院本科生毕业论文（设计）指导情况登记表 25

quickly. (23) Gao Changhai night rescued compatriots in January 1943, the Japanese control after Su Jiahu along the highway, to intensify guerrilla "raids". One day, the Japanese army from Wuzhen area caught 53 "Shina" is held in spring qiaotu farm

外国语学院毕业论文开题报告

专 业: 英 语
学生姓名: 户美君
班 级: 11（2）班
指导教师:
开题日期: 2014年9月15日

论文题目
On Cultural Connotation of the Basic Color Words in Chinese and English
英汉基本颜色词中文化内涵的对比研究
一、本选题的目的和意义
英汉语言中的颜色词非常的丰富，颜色词不仅可以表现物体的物理属性，还有着丰富的文化内涵和延伸意义，是人类认识世界的一个重要领域。颜色词的产生、发展及演变反映了人类认识及社会发展的过程，其丰富的文化底蕴折射出了人类社会不同历史时期的社会背景、文化习俗，体现了不同的文化内涵。深入了解英汉颜色词的产生和发展过程，可以加深我们对不同语言文化的了解，开阔我们的视野，扩大知识面，在借鉴和吸收英语国家文化精华的基础之上，促进汉语言的发展和不同文化之间的交流。
随着科学技术的发展，尤其是信息技术的发展，全球的交流日益频繁，语言作为人类最重要交际工具的作用越来越显现出来了。颜色词由于承载着各种语言丰富的文化内涵，在语言交流中的作用更为重要了，但由于文化传统的差异，英汉颜色词之间有相同的方面，也有不同之处，而且颜色词还与民族的经济宗教、风俗、习惯等方面相联系，给正确理解和运用颜色词进行文化交流带来了一定的困难。因此，分析这些颜色词的异同，准确理解这些颜色词的所传达的文化信息，对于正确理解和运用这些色彩词的表情达意，帮助来自不同文化背景的人们更好进行地沟通交流，交际具有十分重要的意义。

二、本选题相关领域研究的现状及基本情况
近年来, 颜色词引来越来越多国内外学者的关注。许多学者从不同的视角, 不同的层面对颜色词进行了有意义的探讨,例如，闫文培（2007）在《全球化语境下的中西文化及语言对你》一书中通过对比和探讨颜色词在语言表达的中西文化差异，从而得出差生这些差异的原因。顾嘉祖（2002）在《跨文化交际——外国语言文学中的隐蔽文化》一书中对英汉颜色词在跨文化交际中的民族差异做了对比研究，分析探究了汉英民族文化发展对颜色词的影响。李凌霞（2007）在《英汉颜色词运用中的文化差异》一文中则强调了英汉颜色词在实际运用中的文化差异，并提出了在实际运用颜色词时要注意的事项。
虽然英汉基本颜色词的文化内涵有其共通之处，但由于颜色词作为一种文化限定词，会受到不同的文化背景，地理环境，风俗习惯，宗教历史等因素的影响，所以其蕴含的文化内涵存在着较大的差异。在前人研究的基础上，本文旨在以汉英两种语言中的基本颜色词为切入点,从英汉基本色彩词的比较层面探讨英汉颜色词在文化内涵的异同及其差异产生的原因。广泛研究这两方面的不同之处，可以更好地运用颜色，加深对英汉语言词汇、文化的理解，从而促进不同文化的语言交流，以不断加强不同民族文化的交流与融合。

三、主要研究的内容
颜色词作为一种特殊的文化限定词，是反映不同文化内涵的一面重要的镜子。随着中国与西方国家在各个领域中交流和发展，准确理解其文化势在必行。本文通过对英汉基本色彩词的文化内涵的比较,并剖析其产生差异的原因，使大家更深入地了解英美民族与汉民族文化，从而帮助来自不同文化背景的人们更好进行地沟通交流。
本文主要分为四部分，第一部分简要介绍了文化的概念和颜色词在生活中的运用。第二部分通过红色，黄色，绿色，蓝色，白色，黑色进行了举例论证，对英汉颜色词中文化内涵差异的分析。第三部分分析了英汉颜色词中文化内涵产生差异的几个主要原因。第四部分为本文结论。
1.引言
2.英汉颜色词中文化内涵的差异
2.1 基本颜色词在汉语中的文化内涵
2.2 基本颜色词在英语中的文化内涵
3.英汉颜色词中文化内涵产生差异的原因
3.1 历史文化
3.2 自然地理环境
3.4 宗教信仰
4.结论
四、参考文献
[1] 陈 琳.语言文学研究[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2012.1.
[2] 耿洪敏.实用英汉翻译[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2011.11.
[3] 顾嘉祖.跨文化交际---外国语文学中的隐蔽文化[M].南京：南京师范大学出版社,2000.5.
[4] 李凌霞.英汉颜色词运用中的文化差异[J].黔西南民族师范高等专科学校学报,2007.6(2).
[5] 韩海霞.英汉颜色词的对比研究[J].山西农业大学学报,2006.6(3).
[6] 李 苗.英汉基本颜色词认知初探[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2003.3(32).
[7] 陆昇，顾嘉祖.语言与文化[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,1998.8.
[8] 孙 丹.汉英基本颜色词的内涵对比[J].湖北汽车工业学院学报,2005.3(19).
[9] 王 敏.浅谈英汉颜色词的文化内涵[J].达州职业技术学院学报,2010(6).
[10]吴友富.外语与文化研究[J].上海：上海外语教育出版社,2004.12.
[11]闫文培.全球化语境下的中西文化及语言对比[M].北京：科学出版社,200712.
[12]赵翠华.英汉颜色词的文化内涵对比研究[J].承德民族师专学报,2007.8(3).
[13]赵 静.英汉颜色词的比较与翻译[J].解放军外国语学院学报,1999.6(21).
[14]赵 宁.边疆经济与文化[M].黑龙江：黑龙江师范大学教育出版社,2010(7).
[15]朱宇丹.浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵的异同[J].山东电力高等专科学校学报,2008.6.

五、预期的论文撰写进度计划

1. 2012年10月-12月
确定论文题目
2. 2012年12月- 2013年3月1日
提交初步论文提纲及相关文献资料查询情况
3. 2013年3月2日-3月15日
完成论文开题报告，交指导老师审阅
4. 2013年3月16日--4月7日
完成第一稿，指导教师审阅
5. 2013年4月8日--4月26日
完成第二稿，指导教师审阅
6. 2013年4月27日--5月12日
完成第三稿，指导教师审阅
7. 2013年 5月13日--5月17日
继续修改论文直至定稿
8. 2013年5月18日--5月25日
上交论文终稿及相关表格，进行教研室、院级论文答辩

六、完成论文的条件、方法及措施
（一）条件
1．已经修完英语专业的所有课程，对英汉文化有一定的了解；
2．学校图书馆具备有关本论文研究所需的丰富的书籍、期刊等参考文献，学院资料室的原版外文资料可供参考借阅；
3．已经收集有关该选题的较丰富和全面的文献资料；
4．具有上网条件及丰富的网上资源。
（二）方法及措施
1.文本细读，中外文本比较。
2.仔细阅读并整合资料。
3.利用图书馆和互联网进行资料的检索查阅和收集。
4.动员其他学校同学帮忙收集资料。
5.论文撰写小组之间进行讨论交流。
6.向指导教师寻求帮助和建议。

七、指导教师的意见及建议

签名：
年 月 日
教
研
室
意
见

负责人签名：
年 月 日
学
院
意
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负责人签名：
年 月 日

The Situation Creation of Primary School English Te

aching

Wu Guowen

Under the Supervision of
Hu Xianghui

College of Foreign Languages and Literature
Hexi University
May 2013

Contents

Abstract（English） 9
Abstract（Chinese） 10

1. Introduction 11
2．Cultural Connotation Differences between English and Chinese Color Words 11
2.1 The Sense of the Basic Colors in Chinese 12
2.2 The Sense of the Basic Colors in English 16
3. Causes of the Differences in the Cultural Connotation between English and Chinese Color Words 19
3.1 Differences in History and Culture 19
3.2 Differences in Geographical and Environmental Background 20
3.3 Differences in Religious Belief 20
4. Conclusion 21
References 22
Acknowledgment 23

Abstract

Culture has distinctive features of the national character, is a unique creation of different ethnic groups in the specific environment, history, geography, religion and customs. Due to the impact of these factors, color terms have connotative meanings as well as conceptual meanings. Color term, a special kind of Culture-bound words, is the important reflection of different cultural connotation. One color may have identical symbolic meaning in different cultures but it may indicate different cultural mentality resulting in different association of ideas, therefore they have different cultural connotations. With the communication and development in every field between China and west countries (English-spoken countries), it is necessary for us to learn that. The article compares the different cultural connotation between Chinese and English and analyzes the reasons, which help us understand different cultures between China and west countries, and communicate with people from different cultural background.

Key words: color term, culture, difference

摘 要

文化具有明显的名族特色，是不同人群在不同的地理环境，宗教信仰和历史习俗的独特产物，由于受到这些原因的影响，颜色词不仅具有自身的概念意义，还具有不同的内涵意义。颜色词作为一种特殊的文化限定词，是反映不同文化内涵的一面重要的镜子。在不同的民族文化中，同一种颜色可以有相同的象征意义，同时也可以表达不同的文化心理，引起不同的联想，具有不同的文化内涵。随着中国与西方国家在各个领域中交流和发展，准确理解其文化势在必行。本文通过分析对比英汉基本颜色词的文化内涵,并剖析其产生差异的原因，让大家更深入地了解英美民族与汉民族文化，从而帮助来自不同文化背景的人们更好进行地沟通交流。

关键字：颜色词；文化；差异

1. Introduction
Language is the carrier and products of culture, its connotation reflect the different cultural characteristics. Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving (Samovar et al 1995). Culture is total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors institutions, and communication patterns that are shared, learned and pass down through the generation in an identifiable group of people. This is probably the most widely accepted definition of culture (Linell Davis 2004). Culture has distinctive features of the national character, is a unique creation of different ethnic groups in the specific environment, history, geography, religion, customs. Due to the impact of these factors, the vocabulary is given a different pragmatic significance, known as the cultural connotation. Color term is an important component of vocabulary. Like other words, color terms have connotative meanings as well as conceptual meanings.
In Chinese and English languages, the words and phrases of different colors are very abundant. According to the general study of Brent Berlin and Paul Kay, there are totally ten basic color terms in English, which contain white, black, red, green, blue, purple, pink, brown, gray and orange. However, in Chinese, the basic color terms just include white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, purple, brown and gray. Though it seems that there are fewer Chinese basic color than English, in fact, Chinese is also one of the richest and most colorful languages in the world. Color words can be used either literally or metaphorically to convey their meanings, so it is also an important problem of the research of language and culture, and worthy to be studied thoroughly.
2．Cultural Connotation Differences between English and Chinese Color Words
Due to the respective cultural background and tradition, some phrases containing color words have far surpassed their original meanings, forming different connotations in cultures. The difference of the connotation of the color between different cultures is determined by each different national and historical background, the different traditions and habits, the different peoples’ life experience, and aesthetic psychology of culture. With the increasing richness of language and the increasing improvement of human mind, color word has extended and escaped gradually and has their own symbolism. For example: red is warm and imaginative, symbolizes celebration and progress. Green is the color of life, a symbol of life, balance and peace. Blue is the symbol of quiet and tranquil, it is the color of truth and harmony. Only by understanding the English and Chinese cultural background knowledge to grasp the deep meaning of the color-word vocabulary in both languages, we can be carried out more efficiently and more smoothly exchange.
2.1 The Sense of the Basic Colors in Chinese
2.1.1 Red
The most important color for Chinese is the red color. In China, red color is our country’s basic cultural color. It shows the Chinese material and spirit pursuit. It is the color of good luck and is used for decoration and wedding dressing, the brides always wear a red cheongsam or a red wedding dress at wedding ceremony, because in the Chinese traditions, the red color stands for the propitious sign. It is a lucky symbol which can bring happiness and make the brides and grooms’ life better and better. For another example, the money to children or bonuses should be wrapped in red paper, is called by in Chinese Spring Festival “red envelope”. The publication of the list of the candidates of the results to be published list of college enrollment and advanced character is called “red board”.
Red is also the color of fire, and the fire gives hot warm booming, thriving and flourishing. Thus it also contains fortune of people, including the success of the cause, the smoothness of the career, the rapid increase of wealth. For example, good luck is called “red luck”. The human condition is very good, and someone who is very popular with others, which are called “becoming red”. Work, study, production, operations and other activities achieve success at the beginning, which is called “begin with a red door”, and so on. Another example, at the APEC meeting of Shanghai, all the leaders wear the Chinese traditional clothes. All the clothes are of the same style, but the colors are different. Chinese leader chooses the red clothes, while most of the western leaders wear clothes of other kinds of colors. From this example, we can see that the important connotation of red for the Chinese in various aspects of the intercultural communication.
Red is also the color of the “revolution”, the banner of revolution is a “red flag”. Red symbolizes the revolution of the proletariat, Marxism-Leninism, socialism and communism, the Communist Party. As a result, the Communist Party’s revolutionary regime is called “red political power”, revolutionary base is called “red base” or “red zone”, leadership of the Communist Party of the revolutionary army is called the “red army”, and a high degree of loyalty to the revolutionary cause has been hailed as “red heart”. These expressions have the typical characteristics of Chinese culture.
However, in the Chinese culture, red also symbolizes the meaning of envy or jealousy. In Chinese “red eye”, “illness of red eye” means envy and jealousy.
2.1.2 Yellow
Yellow occupies a very important position in ancient China, is the representative the rights and the rule at the all dynasties and the color of the royal family. For example, the basic color of the emperor’s clothing is yellow. “Yellow robe” is the robes of the emperor, and the emperor ascended the throne called “with yellow robe”, and so on.
Yellow is influenced by ancient Chinese feudal superstition, and it is also the symbol of the gods of heaven or the underworld. For example, Acting in the days of the election depends on “yellow calendar”. “Good day in yellow calendar”, it is appropriate to act in the good days. “Yellow paper” is the paper that people fete for the dead. “Yellow spring” refers to the underworld or someplace like this. The above is formed by the impact of ancient Chinese history and cultural thinking.
Yellow is also the symbol of vigilance. Yellow is bright eye-catching, usually used to reminder from the attention and alertness. For example, trackman repair and do the maintenance work on the highway, always dress in yellow clothes, which aims at attracting the drivers’ attention. Before the traffic lights turn from green to red light, yellow light will get light firstly, in order to alert vehicles and pedestrians “red light would light up and the road is about to cut-off the line; “Yellow alert” is a preliminary alarm; “yellow line” is the yellow lines prohibit or restrict parking on both sides of the road. To help the user quickly identify and classify commercial telephone number, phonebook is always printed by yellow paper, known as the “Yellow Pages”, and so on.
It is the modern times that we connect yellow with pornography fornication, corruption and degeneration because of the “yellow back” in English. So there are expressions, such as “yellow novel”, “yellow movie”, etc. In fact, in English yellow does not directly express the meaning of “pornography”, but the implied meaning of “sensational”. For example, “yellow journalism” means “irresponsible wanton exaggeration, rendering the news reports.”

Yellow also shows the immature and ignorant young people, for example, “yellow-haired girl” or “yellow-mouthed boy” in Chinese is also often used to represent.
2.1.3 Green
Green puts people in mind of nature, green grasslands, green grass in Chinese, so it means quiet, nature, and health. For example, green food, green industry, green Olympics and the Green Revolution.
Green symbolizes life, and therefore also a symbol of harmony and peace. So people in the traffic signal system with the “green light” to road are allowed to pass. Thus the “green light” has the meaning of approval and release. For example, “Only studio heads can greenlight new movies.” “We are ready to rebuild the our ​​house, we’ re just waiting for the green light from the Council”.
However, green is also used to mean “humble” or “of bad reputation”. For example, “green hat” is not necessarily a green hat but ofte