《BFT考试培训材料》PPT课件.ppt

GoodMorningLadiesandGentlemenlNicetomeetyou!1可整理pptl王晓明王晓明l l中国社会科学院研究生院中国社会科学院研究生院中国社会科学院研究生院中国社会科学院研究生院l l国际文化中心国际文化中心国际文化中心国际文化中心主任主任主任主任 l l北京市国际语言工程建设委员会北京市国际语言工程建设委员会北京市国际语言工程建设委员会北京市国际语言工程建设委员会 顾问顾问顾问顾问l l剑桥大学剑桥大学剑桥大学剑桥大学BETSBETS考试北京地区考试北京地区考试北京地区考试北京地区 考官组长考官组长考官组长考官组长(RTL)(RTL)l l国家外专局国家外专局国家外专局国家外专局BFTBFT考试高级考官及资深培训师考试高级考官及资深培训师考试高级考官及资深培训师考试高级考官及资深培训师2可整理pptGeneralskillsKnowinghowtochangegearKnowinghowtostartthecarKnowinghowtopark3可整理pptTest-takingskillsDoingthetheorytestReversingroundacornerDoingathree-pointturn4可整理pptBefamiliarwiththetests5可整理pptListeningTestSpeakingTestReadingTestBFTPapersWritingTest6可整理ppt测试形式测试形式测试要点测试要点题量题量 分值分值1多项配对多项配对。一共8或9个句子，要求从所给单句中选择正确答案填入短文。考查逻辑思维能力,文章篇章结构8162多项配对多项配对。5个题概括大意；5个题完成句子，各为7个选项考查运用快速阅读技能获取段落主题和主要细节的能力5+5203多项选择多项选择。短文后7个问题，每个问题有4个选项，选择正确答案。考查运用各种阅读技巧理解短文大意、了解细节及判断作者写作意图和观点的能力7144选择填空选择填空。短文中有20处空白，每个空给出4个选项，要求从中选出一个正确答案。考查正确理解文章的能力,语法,词汇和逻辑.20207可整理pptReadingStrategiesandSkills2.Skimming3.Scanning6.ReadingforMainIdea7.Inference8.UnderstandingtextOrganization9,10WritersPurposeandattitude8可整理pptReadingStrategiesandSkillsl1.Predictionl2.Skimmingl3.Scanningl4.Detailed reading(Meaning Groups,EyeSpan)l5.Guessingunknownwordsl6.Understandingthemainidea(Topicsentence)l7.Inferring(imply&infer)l8.Understandingtextorganizationl9.Assessingawriterspurposel10.Evaluatingawritersattitude9可整理ppt1.PredictionlUsesomeknowledgeofthesubjecttohelpyouanticipatewhatareadingtextcontains.lE.g.Title,picture,diagrametc.l“CaughtintheWeb”l“InCaseYouLoseYourLuggage”l“SixmonthsinAnotherWorld”l“CulturalVariationonStyleofThinking”10可整理ppt2.SkimminglReadquicklythroughatexttogetanoverallideaofitscontents.Featuresofthetextthatcanhelpyouincludethefollowing:l1)Titlel2)Sub-title(s)l3)Detailsabouttheauthorl4)Abstractl5)Introductoryparagraphl6)First,secondandlastsentencesoflfollowingparagraphsl7)Concludingparagraph11可整理pptHintsforSkimmingl1.Moveyoureyesacrossthelinesrapidly.l2.Donotstop.Alwayslookforward;donotllookback.l3.Focusasmuchaspossibleonkeywords.l4.Rememberthatthefirstsentenceusuallylpreparesthereaderfortheparagraph.l5.Thelastsentenceofthepartwillimplythelcontentofthefollowingparagraphs.12可整理pptPeoplespeakdifferentlyindifferentsituations.Socio-linguists analyze the effects of situation on language.Threeofthemajorpointsthatsocio-linguistsconsideraretheplace,thepeople,andthepurposeoftheconversation.First,socio-linguistslookattheplace.Peoplemayspeakdifferentlyiftheyareathome,atschool,inchurch,orinagovernmentoffice.Second,theyconsidertherelationshipofthepeoplewhoarespeaking.Awomanmaytalkinadifferent way to her son,her secretary,or her mother.Third,socio-linguists analyze the purpose of theconversation.Peoplemayuselanguagedifferentlyiftheyareexplainingaproblem,complainingaboutaproblem,ortryingtopersuadesomeonetodosomethingaboutaproblem.PracticeExercisesParagraph113可整理pptl1.ThemainideaofParagraphl1isthat_.la.peoplespeakdifferentlylwhentheyhaveaproblemlb.peoplemayhaveabetterlrelationshipiftheytalktoleachotherlc.thesituationaffectshowlpeoplespeak2.Theparagraphmentions_pointsthatsocio-linguistsconsider.a.1b.3c.5Keys:cbParagraph114可整理pptPeople speak differently in different situations.Socio-linguistsanalyzetheeffectsofsituationonlanguage.Threeofthemajorpointsthatsocio-linguistsconsideraretheplace,thepeople,andthepurposeoftheconversation.First,socio-linguists look at the place.People may speak differentlyiftheyareathome,atschool,inchurch,orinagovernmentoffice.Second,theyconsider therelationship ofthepeoplewhoarespeaking.Awomanmaytalkinadifferentwaytoherson,hersecretary,orhermother.Third,socio-linguistsanalyze the purpose of the conversation.People may uselanguage differently if they are explaining a problem,complainingaboutaproblem,ortryingtopersuadesomeonetodosomethingaboutaproblem.Paragraph115可整理pptHandout-skimmingPractice大纲Part216可整理ppt3.ScanninglLookingforspecificwords,phrasesanditemsofinformationasquicklyaspossible,whichinvolvesrapidreadingforthespecificratherthanthegeneral;forparticulardetailsratherthantheoverallidea.Suchas:l1)percentagefigurel2)yearforparticularhistoricaleventsetc.17可整理pptHintsforscanning1.Notethearrangementofinformation.a.Alphabeticalorder?-phonenumberb.Non-alphabeticalorder?c.Prose韵文韵文material?(newspapers,texts,magazine2.Keepkeywordsinmind3.Gofast!18可整理pptExample:Whatkindofpeoplepreferblue?_.Thecoolcolorsaregreen,blue,andviolet.Thesecolors,unlikewarmcolors,arerelaxing.Wheretherearecoolcolors,peopleareusuallyquiet.Peoplewholiketospendtimealoneoftenpreferblue.19可整理pptWhatkindofdayisared-letterday?_.ManyexpressionsinEnglishusecolors.Theseexpressionsshowhowpeoplefeelaboutthecolors.Forexample,peopleassociateredwithastrongfeelinglikeanger.Whensomeoneisveryangry,peoplesaythatheorsheseesred.Redisanactivecolor.Ared-letterdayisaluckyday.Whencriminalsarecaughtinthemiddleofacrime,peoplesaythattheywerecaughtred-handed.Greenisthecolorofgrassandleaves.Whensomeonegrowsplantswell,peoplesayhehasagreenthumb.Blueisasad,thoughtfulcolor.Whensomeoneisverysad,shesayssheisblue.Thebluesisakindofjazzthatisusuallyverysadandslow.20可整理pptPracticeWhich colorbendsthemost?_(Information:nameofacolor)Scientists can explain how sunlight,also calledwhitelight,formsaspectrumwhenitpassesthroughaprism.Whenarayoflightentersaprismatanangle,itsspeedchanges.Whenitsspeedchanges,therayoflight bends.Different wave-lengths of color havedifferent speeds,so each bends at a different angle.Violetbendsthemost.Redbendstheleast.Bybendingatdifferentangles,wavelengthsofcolortakedifferentpathsthroughtheprism.Thenthecolorsarevisible.violet21可整理ppt4.DetailedReadinglThesecondandthirdreadingofatext.Itcanbedescribedasmorecomprehensivereading.Itinvolvesaslowerandmorecarefulreadingprocess.22可整理ppt5.UnknownWordslItisunlikelythatyouwillunderstand100%ofthevocabularyinatext.Consultingyourdictionarywillinterruptyourprocessofreadingandunderstanding.lThenWhatshouldwedoasleffectiveandactivereaders23可整理pptofnewwords!24可整理pptTheReaderAsDetectiveThreebasicwaystounderstandthemeaningofanewword.Onewayistofindthestructureofaword;(itsprefix前缀,suffix后缀,androot词根).Asecondwayistolookthewordupinadictionary.Athirdway,andperhapsthemostimportantandmostusefuloneofall,istousethecontextofawordtounderstanditsmeaning.Contextisthesentenceorparagraphinwhichawordappears.Manytimes,thesentenceorsentencesaroundtheunfamiliarwordwillofferanindicationof,orclueto,thewordsmeaning.Theseindicationsorcluesarereferredtoascontextclues.25可整理ppt(1)Definitionla.Maryisindecisive，thatis，shelcantmakeuphermind.lb.Thecontextisthewordsaroundalnewvocabularyitems.26可整理ppt(2)Restatementla.Iamaresoluteman.OnceIsetupalgoal，Iwontgiveitupeasily.lb.Mostinternationalstudentsmajorinlpracticalsubjects.Thesesubjectslprovideusefulskillsthathelplstudentsfindgoodjobs.27可整理ppt(3)GeneralKnowledgela.ThedoorwassolowthatIhitmylheadonthelintellintl.lb.Markgotonthemotorbike,Isatlbehindhimonthepillionpiljn,landweroaredoffintothenight.28可整理ppt(4)RelatedInformationJustbeforetheexam，Mikeshandsshookandsweatedsomuchthathecouldnotholdapen.Hisheartbeatfastandhisstomachached,eventhoughheknewthesubjectverywell.Hereallyhadastrangephobiaabouttakingtests.29可整理ppt(5)ExamplelSheisstudyingglaucomagl:koumandotherdiseasesofeye.30可整理ppt(6)Comparison(similarity)lThesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdriftedwiththewindlikefeathers.31可整理ppt(7)Contrast(difference)la.Peterwasnotfrugalfru:gllsince he spent money sofreely.lb.JanewastalkingwithotherslwhileElizaremainedreticentlretis ntallthetime.32可整理pptNowyoualreadygotsomeideasoffindingoutthenewwordsthroughthecontextclues.Pleasepracticeyourskillswhileyourreading.The“sorethumbofunknownwords”willneveroccurinyourreadingagain!33可整理pptExercises:lThe Iditarod is a dogsled race thatcelebrates an event that happened inAlaska.In 1925,Alaskan dogs carriedmedicine from Anchorage to the farawayvillage of Nome.In Nome,many peoplewere dying from the disease calleddiphtheria.At that time,dogsleds wereusedtotravellongdistancesinAlaska,somushers took the medicine to Nome bydogsled.34可整理pptToday,manymushersentertheIditarodraceandfollowthesametrailfromAnchoragetoNome.TheIditarodisnotaneasyrace;manypeopledonotevenfinishit.Infact,onlyasmallpercentageofmushersactuallycrossedthefinish line.Thisisbecauseduringtherace,themushersexperiencetoomuchabusetotheirbodies;theygetonlyalittlesleepandtheyarephysicallytired.35可整理pptlIftheyhavetostopandabandontherace,theyfeelveryfrustratedbecausealltheirhardworkpreparingfortheracehas gone down the drain.Itoftentakesmonthsbeforetheyfeelgoodagainandcanget back into the swing of things.36可整理pptExpandyourVocabularylEuthanasiaEuthanAsialCandidatecandidatelBachelorbachelorlElephantelephantdoordoorodor37可整理ppt全脑记忆法全脑记忆法-爱上记单词爱上记单词l步骤：步骤：1以新找熟以新找熟l2新熟联想新熟联想l3默想编码默想编码l4尝试回忆尝试回忆l5及时复习及时复习38可整理ppt以新找熟以新找熟-1）分解法：lcar-go货物，lport-end预知，lten-ants房客，lin-no-cent纯洁的，单纯ldo-use浸泡39可整理ppt以新找熟以新找熟-2）替换法：前-chop(shop),mirth(birth)欢笑，欢乐后-belt带子(bell),coffer(coffee)保险箱中-mop拖把(map),slum贫民窟(slim)，40可整理ppt以新找熟以新找熟-3）加减法：l加-dive潜水(drive),llean倚靠，倾斜(learn)l减-prose散文(pose)，lally同盟（all）41可整理ppt以新找熟以新找熟-4）交换法：odor气味(door)，dab轻排(bad)moor(room)荒野，evil(live),devil(lived)42可整理ppt以新找熟以新找熟-练习insanein/same神经错乱的targetcar/get目标assassinateass/ass/in/ate暗杀ivyiv/y(四季长青)gallant-tall/ant英勇的carrotcar/rotslakes/lake解渴pageantpage/ant壮观的botherbrotherarenari:n竞技场a/ren/a(两个人戴着头盔在竞技场决斗)43可整理ppt新熟联想新熟联想l提高想象力：暗示自己有丰富的想象力，没有不能l联想的事物。l联想的原则：1）视觉化和体验化-抽象的词（人l物、情景）l2）奇特化拟人、夸张、幽默l3）个人化l步骤：1）转化语词到单个形象l2）组合单个形象到图画l3）造句看“图”说话l4)润色突出关键心像l5)重复强化44可整理ppt新熟联想新熟联想llmood心情llmoon月亮l45可整理ppt新熟联想新熟联想l闭上眼睛联想（图象或情景要生动，鲜明）闭上眼睛联想（图象或情景要生动，鲜明）lpatch（补丁）match,lboon（恩惠）-book，lledge（暗礁）-edge,lchill（寒冷）-child，46可整理ppt新熟联想新熟联想练习lransackran/sack细细搜索细细搜索lbeckonback/on招手示意招手示意lbadgerbad/guy纠缠纠缠ltestimonytest/money证据证据lstalwartstar/war健壮的健壮的lmushroommuch/room蘑菇蘑菇47可整理ppt其他联想其他联想labolish(啊不历史，不再用历史上曾有过的废止)labuse（啊不好用）labsent(啊伯送东西去了，不在，缺勤)lexecuteexe(扩展名，可执行程序)执行长官，总裁等labstractabs(函数，求绝对值)labsolute绝对，抽象labroadab/roadlabnormal啊，不normal54可整理pptExercises:lmango,lheritage-her/it/age,lbonusbonus,lcapable,lbride-boy/ride,groom-g/roomlSatisfactionsat-is-f-action55可整理ppt4尝试回忆：回忆当时情景，联想尝试回忆：回忆当时情景，联想.5及时复习：及时复习：1小时集中精力小时集中精力24小时内复习小时内复习1周周强化有问题的地方强化有问题的地方1个月复习个月复习-记牢记牢56可整理pptTakeabreak57可整理ppt6.UnderstandingMainIdeaslEachparagraphwillusuallycontainonemainidea,sometimesreferredtoastheparagraphtopiclLocationoftheTopicSentence:l1)Atthebeginningoftheparagraphl2)Inthemiddleoftheparagraphl3)Attheendoftheparagraphl4)Boththebeginningandtheend58可整理pptl1.DeductivepatternFromageneralideatoexamples59可整理pptTopicsentence-firstsentencelCowardicegenerallyinvitesattacks.Adogmay chase a girl who turns and runs;whereas,ifthegirlholdsherground(坚持，不让步)thedogwilldohernoharmandeven let itself be patted.A boy who runsaway at the first sight of a neighborhoodgangwillonlyattractpursuit.Hadtheboyjustcontinuedonhisway,thegangmightnothavepaidtheleastattentiontohim.60可整理pptTopicsentence-nearthebeginninglStudentsarenotonlyonestobenefitfromcomputersineducation.Manyteachersfindthatcomputerscanhelpreducetheirworkload.Computerscanfreeteachersfromcertainkindsoftime-consumingbookkeeping.Testitemscanbe“banked”inacomputer,greatlyreducingthetimerequiredtoproduceanewtest.Testscanbescoredbycomputer,andmoreimportantly,thecomputercananalyzethetestresults,indicatingtotheteacherwhichpointsmayneedfurthertreatmentinclass.61可整理pptl2.InductivepatternFromexamplestoageneralidea62可整理pptTopicsentence-attheend(lastsentence)lOurexportcommoditiesareonshowattheFairtofacilitateourfriendsmakingtheirownselectionagainstsamplesduringtheirbusinessnegotiations.Theyrangefromthetiniestintegratedcircuitstoenormousoildrillingplatforms;fromtraditionalivorycarvingstoultramodernlasermachines;fromfullandplumpsoybeanstofinesilkproducts.Allthesearebroughttogetherunderoneroof.TheFairfocusesitsattentiononexportsasitsmainobjective.63可整理pptl3.CentralpatternThis pattern is used when thedetails in the paragraph areclosely related and there is anadvantagetohavingsomeofthedetailsbeforeandsomeafterthestatementofthemainidea.64可整理pptTopicsentence-inthemiddleAlthoughmoneyisagreatmotivator,itisonlypartoftheanswer.Veryfewself-employedentrepreneurscanearnwhattheyreceivedinalargescompany,atleastinthefirstfewyears.Theyinvestanyextracashintheirbusiness,ratherthaninexpensivecars,housesorholidays.Probablythemostimportantpartoftheanswerhastodowithbeingincharge.IntheU.S,peoplewhowanttomakeamilliondontcarewhethertheyown5%or10%ofthecompany,butintheUK,entrepreneurswant100%ownership:theywanttocontroltheircompanyandtomakeallthedecisionsthemselves.65可整理pptl4.MixedPatternBothbeginning&end66可整理pptInprehistorictimesthetypesofdinosaurswereasvariedasthetypesofanimalsaretoday.ThereweregiantplanteatersliketheBrontosaurusandDiplodocus.TherewerefiercepredatorslikeAllosaurusandTyrannosaurus.Therewereflyersandswimmers.Therewastherhinosaurus-likeTriceratops,andtherewastheStegosaurus,withgiantplatesonitsback.Andthereweretinydinosaursnolargerthanasmallrodent.Justliketoday,therewasananimaltofiteveryspace.lTopicsentence-Bothbeginning&end67可整理pptTopicsentencethelocationlTheparagraphaboveshowclearlythatthetopic sentence may appear anywhere intheparagraph.lSometimesthetopicsentenceinaparagraphisnotexplicitlystatedatallbutismerelyimplied.Forexample:68可整理pptl5.DescriptivepatternNoTS69可整理pptTopicsentence-notopicsentenceAmongthegreatgeniusesoftheRenaissance,manywereartists,likeRaphae;Titan,Michelangelo,VanDyke,andRembrandt.Others were poets,such as Spenser,Shakespeare,Tasso,and Ronsard.Still others werepioneersinscience:GalileoandKeplerinastronomy,forinstance,andVesaliusandHarveyinmedicine.70可整理pptTopicsentence-thelocationlThisparagraphissowellknitthatanyreasonablythoughtfulreadercansumupthecentralideaoftheparagraphinhisownwords.Theimpliedtopicsentenceabovecanbe:“TheRenaissanceproducedmanycreativemen.”71可整理pptAdditionalExerciseslAfterreadingeachofthefollowingparagraphs,selectothermostsuitabletopicsentencefromthethreechoicesfollowingit.Thentrytoexplainwhythetwochoicesarenotappropriate.Keepinginmind:thetopicsentenceyoufinallychooseshouldbebroadenoughtocoverallandonlytheinformationyouwishtoincludebutnotbroaderthannecessary.72可整理pptParagraphone._.WhereBritonsend certain words with-se,Americansusually end the same word with-ce(British practise vs.American practice).NoticealsotheBritishpreferenceforfinalre over the American er(metre vs.meter).Finally,mostAmericansconsiderneighbora correctspelling,buta Britoncharacteristicallyaddsauandspellsthewordneighbour.73可整理pptParagraphone.Themostsuitabletopicsentenceis:a.British and American English havemanydifferencesinspelling.b.There are some minor differences betweenAmericanandBritishspelling.c.The ending of British and Americanwordsarenotthesame.a74可整理pptParagraphTwo_.The operation of both can bethought of as being divided into three phases:input,processing,andoutput.Inthecaseofthecomputer,theinformationwhichisfedintothemachine-thedata-istheinput;theinternaloperationsofthemachineconstitutetheprocessing;andtheresult-usuallyaprintout-iscalled output.The telephone,too,acts on informationpresented to it and produces a result.The input is theactualdialingofthenumber.Theswi