外研新版初二上册Module-1-How-to-learn-English-知识点总结归纳.doc

八上Module 1 How to learn English
一、短语归纳

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1. look up 差，查找
2. make a mistake 犯错误
3. talk about 谈论，讨论
4. speak English 讲英语
5. write down写下，记下
6. next to 在….旁边
7.listen to the radio 听广播
8. be good for 对…….有好处
9. write to 给……..写信
10. a little 有点
11. agree with sb. 同意某人
12. talk to 跟……交谈
13. send….. to …..把……(发)送给某人
14. ask for 请求（给予）
15. watch films 看电影
16. be from 来自
17. smile at 冲……微笑
18. go to bed 去睡觉
19. get up 起床
20. think about 考虑
21. make friends with sb.与某人交朋友
22. take sb. around. 带某人参观
23. a few 几个，一些
24. invite sb. to 邀请某人到…..
25. be good at 擅长
26. for example 例如

二、Language points
1. pair n. （相关的）两个人，一对
【经典例句】Let’s play the game in pairs. 我们两人一组做这个游戏。
【考点聚焦】(1) pairs 是名词pair 的复数形式。
(2) in pairs 表示“成双的，成对的”。
Let’s play the game in pairs. 我们两人一组做这个游戏。
(3) a pair of 意为“一双、一副、一把……”
a pair of shoes 一双鞋 a pair of glasses 一副眼镜
2. correct v. 改正
【经典例句】You must correct the bad habits. 你必须改正这些坏习惯。
【考点聚焦】 (1) correct 此处用作及物动词，表示“改正；纠正”。
Can you correct my pronunciation? 你能纠正我的发音吗？
(2) correct 还可以用作形容词，表示“正确的；对的”。
The answer isn’t correct. 这个答案不正确。
3. practise v. 练习
【经典例句】My brother often practises playing the guitar. 我哥哥经常练习弹吉他。
【考点聚焦】(1) practise在此处用作不及物动词，表示“练习”，practise doing sth. 表示“练习做某事”。
How can I practise speaking English? 我怎样练习讲英语呢？
(2) practice 作不可数名词，表示“练习；实践”。
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
4. mistake n. 错误
【经典例句】He often makes spelling mistakes. 他经常犯拼写错误。
【考点聚焦】 1)注意常用搭配：make mistakes 犯错误；correct mistakes 改正错误；by mistake 错误地。
2)mistake 还可用作动词，意思是“弄错，误解，把……误认为”，常用在mistake...for...结构中，如：We often mistake Lucy for Lily. 我们经常把露茜误认成莉莉。
【活学活用】选择
—What’s wrong?
—I a big mistake in my homework.
A.made B.took C.did D.gave
5. else adj.& adv. 其他
【经典例句】No one else but Sam saw the accident. 除了山姆没有别人看到这起事故。
【考点聚焦】1)近义词：other adj.其他的
2)else用在疑问词之后，如:What else do you want to say?你还想说什么？
它还常用在不定代词之后，如：I’d like something else.我想要点别的东西。
【活学活用】同义句改写
What else do you want to buy?
What would you to buy?
答案：other things, like
6. advice n. 建议
【经典例句】I will give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog. 我将给你一些怎样照顾你的宠物狗的建议。
【考点聚焦】advice 表示“建议，忠告”，是不可数名词。要表示“一条建议”，应用a piece of advice；“采纳某人的建议” follow/take one’s advice。注意advice的动词是advise，常用词组为advise sb. (not) to do sth. We advised them to start early. 我们建议他们及早开始。
【活学活用】选择
I don’t know how to keep healthy, can you give me ?
A. an advice B. lots of advice C. a few advices D. some advice
7. excellent adj. 卓越的
【经典例句】Zhang Yining is an excellent ping pong player.
张怡宁是个出色的乒乓球运动员。
【考点聚焦】同义词辨析：excellent既可形容物，又可形容人，如：excellent work 出色的工作；wonderful只用来形容物，“极好的，令人愉快的”，如：a wonderful place 一个好地方。
【活学活用】根据句意和首字母提示完成单词
—Let’s have a rest.—That’s e　　　.I’m tired. 答案：excellent
8. improve v. 提高
【经典例句】This is not good enough. I want to improve it.这还不够好，我要加以改进。
【考点聚焦】improve 在句中用作及物动词，如：
The people all over the world should improve the environment.
全世界的人都应该改善环境。
9. watch n.手表;v. 看
【经典例句】 Would you like to watch the World Cup on TV with me?
你愿意跟我一起在电视上观看世界杯吗?
【考点聚焦】1)watch作名词，其复数为watches。
2)watch作动词，后常接电视、比赛等，有“观望、观看、欣赏”之意。
3)同义词辨析：look at强调“看”的动作；see强调“看”的结果，看见；read指看书、报纸、地图、杂志。
【活学活用】选词并用其适当形式填空
watch/see/read/look at
1)Please the blackboard.
2)Have you him recently?
3)Look!He English in the classroom.
4)Tim Animal World on TV at that time.
答案: 1)look at　2)seen　3)is reading　4)was watching
10. suggest v.建议，提议
【经典例句】I suggest (that) we (should) hold a meeting. 我建议我们应该开个会。
【考点聚焦】(1) suggest 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，但不接动词不定式。
I suggest a visit. 我提议去参观。
He suggested going home. 他建议回家。
(2) suggest sth. to sb. 向某人建议某事
What did you suggest to the manager? 你向经理建议了什么？
【活学活用】选择
He suggested that the meeting _____ put off.
A. not be B. should not C. wouldn’t D. be not
短语·典句·考点
1. look up 查找
【考点聚焦】(1) 强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查询。up 是副词，代词作宾语时应放在up 之前。
We can look it up in a dictionary. 我们可以在词典中查它。
(2) look up 还可以表示“仰视；向上看”，如：
He looked up from his book as I entered the room. 我进入房间时，他从书本上抬起头来看了看。
(3) look 的相关短语：
look at 看 look after 照料；照顾 look for 寻找
look around 向周围看 look out 向外看；当心 look like 看着像
look the same 看起来相同 look forward to 盼望
【活学活用】选择
1. Don’t be afraid of new words. You can in the dictionary.
A. look at them B. look for them C. look them up D. look them over
2. I spent two hours looking ______ the books in the library.
A. at B. for C. up D. like
2. write down 写下,记下
【经典例句】I’d like to write down what the teacher said.我想把老师说的记下来。
【考点聚焦】1)同义词组:put down,要注意这里的down是副词,代词要放在中间。
2)要记住以down为中心的一些短语:
turn down 关小,把(音量)调低sit down 坐下lie down 躺下　fall down 跌倒go down 下沉,沿着……走slow down 放慢速度look down upon 轻视,看不起walk down 沿着……走
【活学活用】用上面所提到的词组的正确形式填空
1) the radio, please. It’s too loud.
2) the street until the end of it, and you’ll find the cinema.
3)He Lee’s telephone number in the newspaper.
答案：1)Turn down2)Walk/Go down　3)wrote down
3. ask for 请求……
【经典例句】He asked his father for ten yuan.他向他父亲要了10元钱。
【考点聚焦】1)可以是ask for sth.要求得到某物,如:ask for advice 请求建议；ask for money 要钱。
2)可以是ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物，如：ask her parents for a bike 向父母要一辆自行车。
【活学活用】选择
You can your teacher some advice about it.
A.help; with B.ask; to C.tell; about D.ask; for
答案：D
4. be good for 对……有好处，与be bad for 相对
be good at 擅长，相当于 do well in ，与be bad at 相对
be good to 对……友好，与be kind to 相近
【活学活用】翻译
1. 蔬菜和水果对我们的健康有好处。
2. 他个子高，擅长打篮球。
3. 我的邻居们对我很友好。
句子·剖析·拓展
1. Today we are going to talk about good ways to learn English. 今天，我们打算谈论一下学习英语的好方法。
【剖析】talk about 意为“谈论，讨论”，后接谈论的内容。宾语可以是人，也可以是物。
Please talk about the photo. 请谈论一下这张照片。
【拓展】(1) talk to 与某人交谈（侧重单方主动） talk with 同某人交谈（侧重双方互相交流）
The teacher is talking to his students. 老师正在对他的学生们讲话。
The teacher is talking with his students. 老师正在跟他的学生们聊天。
(2) ways / a way to do sth. 表示“做某事的方法/方式”，相当于ways / a way of doing sth.
Do you know a good way to learn English? = Do you know a good way of learning English?
2. We should always speak English in class. 在课堂上我们应该总是讲英语。
【剖析】should 情态动词，表“应该”，表示建议、责任或义务。should 可用于各种人称，后接动词原形。
3. Let’s try to speak English as much as possible. 让我们尽可能多地讲英语。
【剖析】 (1) try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事
Try to listen to the teacher carefully in class.
The Americans tried using chopsticks.
(2) as…as possible 表示“尽可能……”，中间用形容词或副词的原级，相当于 as…as sb. can
I’ll come back as soon as possible. = I’ll come back as soon as I can.
4. Why not do write down the mistakes in our notebooks?
【剖析】这是一个提建议的句型，Why don’t you...?意思是“为什么不……呢？”
【拓展】1)Why don’t you...?的同义句型是Why not...?
2)其他提建议的句型见下面的语法剖析。
5. And don’t forget to write down the correct answers next to the mistakes. 而且不要忘记在错误旁边写上正确的答案。
【剖析】forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事（不定式表示的动作未发生）
【拓展】forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 （动名词所表示的动作已发生）
I forgot to open the door. 我忘记了去开门。
I forget opening the door. 我忘记开过门了。
[练一练] — Don’t forget your homework, John. — OK. I’ll do it right now.
A. doing B. do C. to do
6. It’s a good idea to spell and pronounce new words aloud every day. 每天大声拼读生词是一个好主意。
【剖析】1)句中it 是形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语to spell and pronounce new words aloud 是真正的主语。
2)其句型是：It+be+adj./n.+to do sth.
【拓展】 类似句型还有:It is one’s duty to do sth.; It is important for sb.to do sth.; It is not necessary for sb. to do sth.等等。
7. How about listening to the radio? 听广播怎么样？
【剖析】How about...? 是一个提建议的句型，意思是“……怎么样？”
【拓展】1)How about...?的同义句型是What about...?其后可接名词、代词或动名词。
2)其他提建议的句型见下面的语法剖析。
8. I agree with you. 我同意你（的提议）。
【剖析】agree with sb. 同意或赞同某人（的看法或意见），后接表示人或意见、看法的词
【拓展】agree to 后接表示建议、计划、安排之类的词，意为“同意计划或建议等”。
agree on / upon 指协商后在某方面取得一致意见或达成协议。
He agreed to our suggestion about the holiday yesterday. 他昨天同意我们度假的建议了。
We agreed on the price. 我们就价格达成了一致意见。
9. Each time you will learn something new. 每一遍你都会学到新东西。
【剖析】something new 表示“新东西”，形容词new 作后置定语修饰不定代词something.
【拓展】something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody 等不定代词被形容词、动词不定式修饰时，形容词或动词不定式要放在它们之后。
I want to read something new. 我想读些有趣的东西。
There is nothing important in today’s newspaper. 今天的报纸上没有什么重要的事情。
[练一练] CCTV-10 often plays around the world. It can help us learn more about not only nature but also different cultures and customs.
A. new something B. something new C. anything new
10. I am shy and I am afraid to speak to her. 我很腼腆，不敢与她说话。
【剖析】be afraid to do sth. 因害怕产生不良后果而不敢做某事
She’s afraid to go out at night. 在夜晚她不敢出去。
【拓展】be afraid of doing sth. 担心（或害怕）
I’m afraid of flying. 我害怕坐飞机。
一言辨析：Mr Black was afraid to climb the tree, because he was afraid of falling down from it.
布莱克先生不敢爬树，因为他怕从树上掉下来。
11. …but I forget them quickly. ……但我很快就忘记了它们。
【辨析】quickly, fast and soon
quickly, fast and soon 都可作副词，表示“快地”，但用法不用
(1) quickly 快地；迅速地，指动作敏捷或速度快
(2) fast 快，指速度快
(3) soon 很快，不久
She got out the room quickly. 她迅速地从屋子里出来了。
I can run fast. 我能跑得很快。
They’ll be back soon. 他们很快就会回来。
12. Try to make friends with them and take them around your town. 尽量与他们交朋友并带领他们参观你们的城镇。
【剖析】make friends 交朋友 make friends with 与……交朋友
【拓展】交朋友至少涉及两者，所以friend必须用复数形式，类似交互关系时使用的复数，称为“交互复数”，常见的有：
exchange seats 交换座位 shake hands with…与……握手
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 join hands with…与……联系/合作
13. If there is not, why not start one with your friends? 如果没有，为什么不与你的朋友一起创办一个呢？
【剖析】one 此处用作不定代词，用于泛指前面提到过的名词， 其复数形式为ones
Your coat is good. I also want to buy one. 你的外套很好，我也想买一件。
【辨析】one 与it
(1) one 所替代的是同类事物中的一个，泛指前面所提到的人或物，其复数形式为ones
I have a new hat and several old ones.
(2) it 作代词，可用来指代前面提到的同一人或物，其复数形式为they
I want to use your ruler. Lend it to me, please.
(3) 可以在one/ones前加定冠词表示特指。
The one in the red coat is Miss White.
(4) it 还可以代替上文中的句子或句子中的某一部分，而one 则不能
My pen drooped on the ground when I was walking in the park. A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. 当我在公园散步时，我的钢笔掉在了地上。一位女士路过时看见了。
（it指my pen drooped on the ground这件事）
14. How abut playing a few games and listening to some music? 做些游戏并听些音乐怎么样？
【剖析】a few 表示“一些；几个”，相当于several或some
【辨析】
功能
意义
修饰可数名词
修饰不可数名词
否定（几乎没有；少）
few
little
肯定（有些；有几个）
a few
a little
There are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some. 冰箱里几乎没有鸡蛋了，所以我必须去买一些。
There are a few eggs in the fridge. 冰箱里还有几个鸡蛋。
There is a little rice in the bowl. 碗里没多少米饭了。
I can only speak a little French. 我只会说一点儿法语。
15. Don’t stop to check every word. 不要停下来去核对每个单词。
【剖析】stop to do sth. 表示“停下来去做某事”，指停止正在做的事情，开始做另一件事。
The girl stopped to cry. 那个女孩停下来(开始)哭泣
【拓展】stop doing sth. 表示“停止做某事”，如：The boy stopped laughing. 那个男孩停止了大笑。
语法·剖析
提建议的几种表达方法
本单元出现了很多诸如 “We should always speak English in class.” “How about listening to the radio?” “Why not do write down the mistakes in our notebooks?”的句子这些句子都是用来提建议的，那它们该如何使用呢？请看如下表格：
句型
意思
举例
You should/shouldn’t....
你应该/不应该……
You shouldn’t copy others’ homework.
How/What about...?
……怎么样?
What about going for a picnic?
Why don’t you/Why not...?
为什么不……?
Why not ask the teacher for help?
Don’t forget....
别忘了……
Don’t forget to read an English story.
Try to....
努力……
Try to remember ten words a day.
Try not to....
尽量不要……
Try not to look up the words in a dictionary while reading.
Shall we...?
我们……好吗?
Shall we go to see Mr. Black?
Let’s....
让我们……吧。
Let’s listen to music and films in English.
You’d better (not)....
你最好(不要)……
You’d better not play with fire.