e14.Digestive-gland消化腺(ppt文档).ppt

组织胚胎学课件组织胚胎学课件 七年制英文医学班专用七年制英文医学班专用中国医科大学中国医科大学基础医学院基础医学院组胚组胚英文教学组英文教学组 Chapter 14 Digestive gland-smallgland:fundisgland,smallintestinalgland-large gland:salivary gland,pancreas,liver1.Salivary gland 1)Generalstructureofexocrinegland-Capsule:CT,which separate theparenchymaintolobules-lobule:acinusa.serousacinus:structure:pyramidalorcuboidalroundbasally-locatedNapical:zymogengranule-acidophilicbasal:basophilic-RER,ribosomefunction:secretsalivaryamylaseb.mucousacinus:structure:pale-stained,slight-blue,flattenedNagainstthebasalmembranemucinogengranuleGolgi,RER,mitochondriac.mixedacinus:severalserouscellattachedtomucousacinusserousdemiluneduct:a.intercalatedduct:simplesquamousepi.simplecuboidalepi.connectwithacinusb.striatedduct(secretoryduct):intralobulesimplecolumnarepi.:tallcell,acidophilicroundN,locatedatapicalpartlongitudinalstriation:plasmamembraneinfoldingc.interlobular duct and major duct:simplecolumnar epi.or pseudostratified ciliatedcolumnarepi.2)structuralfeatureofeachsalivaryglanda.parotidgland:-serous-longintercalatedduct,shortstriatedductb.submandibulargland:-mixed(mainlyserous,lessmucousandmixed)-shortintercalatedduct,longstriatedductc.sublingualgland:-mixed(mainlymucous,moreserousandmixed)-more demilunes,no intercalated duct,under-developedstriatedduct*granularconvolutedtubule,GCT:-asegmentconvolutedductbetweenintercalatedductandstriatedductinsubmandibulargland-epithelialcell:pyramidalinshaped,withlargeNapicalcytoplasma:eosinophilicgranulesgranulescontain:i.growthfactors-NGF,EGF,MGF,EGSF,EGFii.homeostasisfactors:renin,Kallikrein,CSF,ACFiii.digestiveenzymes:amylase,ribonuclease,acidphosphataseiv.intracellularregulatingfactor2.Pancreas-capsule:CT,septa-parenchyma:/exocrinepancreas/endocrinepancreas1)exocrinepancreas-acinus:serous*centroacinarcell:small,palecellwithroundorovoidN,derivedfromepithelialcellofintercalatedduct-duct:longintercalatedduct-function:secretpancreaticliquid1-2L/D,PH7.8-8.4Digestiveenzymes:trypsinogen,chymotrypsinogen,amylaseandlipase2)endocrinepancreas(pancreasislet)-170.000-200.000,constituteabout1%oftotalpancreasvolume-75-500um-HE:cellsarrangedintocordwithCTrichinfenestratedcap.-EM:a.Acell:20%.Largepolygonalinshaped,peripheral-distributedEM:secretory G:large,190-310 nm,roundwithdensecorefunction:secret glucogon-29 amino acidresiduesproteinglycogenglucoseb.Bcell:75%,small,centrally-distributedEM:secretoryG:differentdiameter225-375nmwithoneorseveraldensecorefunction:secret insulin-51 amino-acidresiduesc.Dcell:5%,ovoid,fusiform,peripheral-distributed,betweenA,BcellsEM:-gapjunctionwithA,Bcell-secretory G:large,190-370nm,low-densitycorefunction:secrete somatostatin to inhibit thesecretingofA,B,PPcelld.PPcell:EM:secretegranule:small,110-170nmfunction:secrete pancreatic polypeptide toinhibit the secreting of pancreatic liquid,movementofvisceraandcontractionofgallbladdere.D1cell:2-5%,peripheral,irregularEM:small,140-190nm,function:secrete VIP(vasoactive intestinalpeptide)f.Ccell:undifferentiatedcell3.Liver-largest,2%ofbodyweight-capsule:DCT,insert into parenchyma toseparatetheparenchymaintohepaticlobule-hepaticlobule-portalarea1)hepaticlobule:basicstructuralunit-500.000-1.000.000-2mmlong,1mminacrossD-polygonalprism(irregular)-structure:centralveinhepaticplate:radiatingarrangedhepaticsinusoidCentralvein:smallveinendothelium+CT45umreceivethebloodfromsinusoidsHepaticplates-formedbysinglelayerofhepatocytesa.hepatocyte:LM:polygonal,20-30umeosinophilicN:-large,pale,round,centrally-located-1/4binucleateEM:mitochondria:1000-2000,20%totalvolumeRER:involve in the synthesis of albumin,fibrinogen,clottingfactor,lipoproteinandcomplementproteinSER:containenzymes-oxidoreductase(oxidase,reductase),hydrolase,transterase,synthetase,involve in the formation of bile andthemetabolismofadipose,glucoseandhormonesGolgiapparatus:involvein-formationofbile-process,condenseandstorageofproteins-formationoflysosomeLysosome:involve in phagocytosis activityandmetabolismofbilirubinmicrobody:-round,0.2-1.0um-containcatalaseandperoxidaseinclusions:glycogen,lipiddroplet,pigmentb.bilecanaliculus:-cellmembraneofadjacenthepatocytes depress to form a tubularsystembetweenhepatocytes-structure:silverpreparation:dark-browncolorednetwork0.5-1umMicrovillitightjunction,desmosomeHepaticsinusoid-spacebetweenhepaticplates-structure:LM:9-12umendothelial cell:fenestrated,gap,plasmalemmalvesiclesRFcavity:-livermacrophage(Kupffercell)-largegranularlymphocyte:NKcellEM:Perisinusoidal space:Disse space-narrow space between endothelial cellandhepatocytes0.4umwidthbloodplasmamicrovilliRFfat-storingcell:*fat-storingcell:-irregular,withprocesses-EM:large lipid droplets,RER,mito,Golgi-function:storage of vitamin A(E,K),synthesisofcollagen*Thethreekindsofdifferentsurfacesofhepatocytes-face adjacent cell eachother:55%-facethesinusoids:35%-formbilecanaliculus:10%2)portalarea-areas(triangle-shapedorirregular-shaped)where adjacent hepatic lobulesmeet-containsCTandseveralductsa.interlobulararteries:branchesofhepaticAsmallA:endothelium+3-4layersofSMb.interlobularvein:branchesofportalveinsmallvein:endothelium+lessCTandsingleSMc.interlobularbileduct:simplecuboidalorlowcolumnarepi.3)BloodcirculationofliverhepaticAinterlobularAterminalhepaticarterioleportalVinterlobularVterminalportalvenulehepaticsinusoidcentralveinsublobularVhepaticVinferiorvenacava4)Passageofbile