独立主格结构讲解及习题(1).ppt

独立主格结构独立主格结构常见类型及其用法常见类型及其用法 独立主格结构独立主格结构 独立主格结构的模式是：独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词主格名词/代词代词 +分词分词/形容词形容词/副词副词/不定式不定式/介词短语介词短语(作逻辑主语）作逻辑主语）（作逻辑谓语）（作逻辑谓语）1.All our savings gone,westartedlookingforjobs.2.The question settled,wewenthome.3.The river having risen in the night,thecrossingwasimpossible.主格名词主格名词/代词代词 +分词分词 (过去分词过去分词/现在分词）现在分词）主格名词主格名词/代词代词 +形容词形容词1.His mother being ill,he had to stay home to look after her.2.Other things being equal,I would buy the black dress.主格名词主格名词/代词代词 +副词副词The meeting being over,our headmaster soon left the meeting-room.We to care for the children,you are able to be carefree away from home.主格名词主格名词/代词代词 +不定式不定式主格名词主格名词/代词代词 +介词短语介词短语Our English teacher came into the classroom,papers in hand.一、独立主格结构的构成形式一、独立主格结构的构成形式1 1、逻辑主语、逻辑主语+V-ingV-ing这这种种构构成成形形式式内内部部的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是分分词词的的动动作作执执行行者者，分分词词表表示示的的动动作作不不是是整整句句主主语语发发出出的的动动作作，而而是是其其逻逻辑辑主主语语发发出出的动作。如：的动作。如：1)._no bus,we had to walk home.A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was A2)_no bus,we had to walk home.A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was3)_Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been4)_Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is B C D2 2、逻辑主语、逻辑主语+V-edV-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。1)1)_,the train started.A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving2)_,the train started.A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given A D 3)_,the text became easier for us to learn.A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words4)_,the text became easier for us to learn.A.When new words were explainedB.Explaining new words C.New words explaining D.Being explained new words BA3、逻辑主语逻辑主语+形容词（副词）形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主主系系表表”结构。如：结构。如：1)_,the patient can leave the hospital.A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions2)_,the patient can leave the hospital.A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions BC3._,wed like to go outing.A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK4._,wed like to go outing.A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C5._,you can wait a while.A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and BBDD不能省略being(havingbeen)的情形在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或havingbeen）不能省略。(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。(2)在Therebeing名词的结构中。如：Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1 1、原因状语、原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：句。如：1)._ 1)._ no bus,we had to walk home.no bus,we had to walk home.A.There being B.As there was A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B C.There was D.A and B2)._Sunday,the library doesnt 2)._Sunday,the library doesnt open.open.A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B AD3._,I had to ask for two days3._,I had to ask for two days leave.leave.A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill D.A,B and CC.As mother was ill D.A,B and C4._,we have to work late into 4._,we have to work late into the night.the night.A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D.A,B and C DD2 2、时间状语时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when,as soon as,after等引导的时间状语等引导的时间状语从句。如：从句。如：1._,the train started.A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A and B2._,the text became easier for us to learn.New words explainedB.When new words were explainedC.When teacher explained new wordsD.all the above DD3、条件状语、条件状语 独独立立主主格格结结构构作作条条件件状状语语时时可可以以改改为为由由if引引导的条件状语从句。如：导的条件状语从句。如：1)._,well go to visit the Great Wall.A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B2.)_,the patient will recover himself soon.A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C DD4、伴随状语、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或短语或并列并列谓语。如：谓语。如：1).We have lessons every day,_.A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above2).The boy fell asleep,_.A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D.all the above AA 3.Father came home,_ 3.Father came home,_ A.a dog following him B.followed by a dog C.being followed by a dog D.all the above D分词、独立主格和分词、独立主格和“with+with+复合宾语复合宾语”作作状语的区别状语的区别分分词词结结构构、独独立立主主格格结结构构、with with+复复合合宾宾语语结结构构在在句句中中均均可可作作状状语语，其其区区别别是是这这样样的：的：一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。并列谓语。分词短语在句中常作以下状语：分词短语在句中常作以下状语：1 1、原因状语、原因状语 1._ 1._late,we had to walk home.late,we had to walk home.A.Being B.As we were A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B C.We being D.A and B 2._ 2._ busy,busy,they they had had no no time time to to play.play.A.As they were B.Being A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above C.Because they were D.all the aboveDD2 2、时间状语时间状语1._ the students homework,the teacher found a lot of mistakes.A.When he was correcting B.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above 2._by your teachers,you are supposed to be modest.A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the aboveDD3 3、条件状语条件状语1._ more time,he is sure to finish his test paper.A.If he is given B.If given C.Given D.all the above 2._ another chance,Ill do my job better.A.If I have B.If having C.Having D.all the aboveDD4 4、伴随状语、伴随状语1.1.Father Father came came back,back,_ _ a a bag bag of of money on his left shoulder.money on his left shoulder.A.carrying A.carrying B.he B.he was was carrying carrying C.and carrying D.all the aboveC.and carrying D.all the above2.Father 2.Father came came back,back,_ _ by by a a monkey.monkey.A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above DA二、独立主格结构和二、独立主格结构和with+with+复合宾复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如：逻辑主语不一致。如：1._,1._,wewell go fishing in ll go fishing in the country.the country.A.Permitting weather A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting C.Weather permitting D.PermittingD.PermittingC2._,he finished playing the 2._,he finished playing the game of chess.game of chess.A.His eyes closing A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed B.With his eyes closed C.Closed eyes C.Closed eyes D.Closed his eyesD.Closed his eyes3._,I couldn3._,I couldnt get the book t get the book I wanted.I wanted.A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closingBB三三、使使用用分分词词短短语语、独独立立主主格格结结构构、with with+复复合合宾宾语语结结构构分分别别在在句句子子中中作作状状语语时时要要注注意意：它它们们与与主主句句之之间间不不应应有有从从属属连连词词（如如when,when,if,if,as as soon soon as,as,as,as,whilewhile等等）或或并并列列连连词词（如如and,and,but,but,or,or,soso等）。例如：等）。例如：1._ 1._ the the teacher teacher told told the the class class to to go go through the text through the text A.Checking the answersA.Checking the answersB.Checking the answers and B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the aboveD.all the aboveA2._a rainy day,so all the 2._a rainy day,so all the farmers had to stay inside.farmers had to stay inside.A.It being B.Being A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the aboveC.It was D.all the above3.As_a little sick,he remained at 3.As_a little sick,he remained at the clinic.the clinic.A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above CB四四、在在使使用用独独立立主主格格结结构构、with with+复复合合宾宾语语结结构构、分分词词结结构构作作句句子子的的状状语语时时，一一定定要要看看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。1 1、当当句句子子主主语语与与该该状状语语内内部部动动词词之之间间有有逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓或或动动宾宾关关系系时时，该该状状语语可可用用分分词词结结构或从句表示。构或从句表示。1)_ 1)_ in in thought,thought,he he almost almost ran ran into into the car in front of him.the car in front of him.A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and BD2)._2)._for for the the bus bus at at the the stop,stop,he he suddenly caught sight of a thief.suddenly caught sight of a thief.A.Waiting B.When he was waiting A.Waiting B.When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D.all the above C.As he was waiting D.all the above2 2、若若句句子子主主语语与与状状语语内内动动词词之之间间不不存存在在逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓或或动动宾宾关关系系且且状状语语内内有有自自已已的的逻逻辑辑主主语语。则则该该状状语语不不能能用用分分词词结结构构，只只能能用用独独立立主主格格结结构构、with with+复复合合宾宾语语结结构构或或从从句句。如：如：D1.The soldier fell asleep _.A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle2._,the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the lights on D.When it turns on all the lightsAC3._ the notice,he had an idea.3._ the notice,he had an idea.A.When A.When he he was was watching watching B.Watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the aboveC.When watching D.all the above4._ 4._ the the notice,notice,an an idea idea came came to his mind.to his mind.A.When A.When he he was was watching watching B.Watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the aboveC.When watching D.all the aboveDA无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：He sat at the desk reading with a pen was in his right hand.with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.=Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.