基于柱机联合的硫化矿分级浮选研究博士--毕设论文.doc

博士学位论文基于柱-机联合的硫化矿分级浮选研究Study on Classification Flotation of Sulphide Ore Based on Collaboration of Flotation Column and Flotation Cell二一二年十月摘 要在硫化矿的分选过程中，大部分硫化矿在磨矿细度相对较粗的情况下就可以达到分选要求，较粗的磨矿细度意味着在硫化矿分选中具有更宽的粒级范围，对宽粒级含金黄铁矿的分选过程进行分析研究，发现浮选柱对较粗粒级的回收效果不佳，而浮选机对细粒级分选的选择性较差，进一步的分析研究表明：在工业生产中，浮选机用于快浮和稳定性扫选所得精矿的平均粒径为0.09mm，而浮选柱用于一粗一精流程所得精矿的平均粒径只有0.06mm，说明较宽粒级的硫化矿浮选对于不同的浮选方式具有一定的“粒度效应”，在大红山铜矿的分选过程中也发现浮选机对细粒级的浮选效果不佳，而柱式浮选对粗粒级的分选指标较差。对矿物浮选过程进行了浮选动力学分析，通过对矿物颗粒与气泡的碰撞、附着和附着牢固度的影响因素的理论研究，得到了浮选过程中粒度与浮选环境参数的关系：随着浮选矿物粒度的增大，在浮选过程中需要较低的紊流强度、较大的气泡直径、较大的充气量、较小的矿化泡沫升浮距离、较小的泡沫层厚度和较大的浮选药剂用量。在实验室对大红山铜矿不同粒级硫化铜矿物浮选的试验结果也验证了上述理论研究得到的规律。在进一步分析的基础上，推导得到了不同流态下，不同粒级的矿物颗粒捕集概率的表达式。对旋流-静态微泡浮选柱和常规浮选机两种不同浮选方式进行了紊流强度、泡沫升浮距离、气泡直径和泡沫层厚度等浮选过程特征参数方面的对比研究，发现柱式分选比机式分选过程具有更强的紊流强度，更高的泡沫升浮距离，更小直径的气泡和更厚的泡沫层厚度。通过上述对宽粒级硫化矿的不同粒级对分选环境的需求的变化和不同浮选方式的浮选过程特性的对比分析，可以发现：柱式分选过程特性更符合细粒级矿物对分选环境的要求，而浮选机更适合用于处理较粗粒级矿物。因此，用单一的浮选方式来处理宽粒级的矿物，矿石的物性与浮选方式不匹配，必然会导致“粒度效应”的出现。根据粒度效应的特性，按照进一步强调粒度特征，针对矿物可浮性特征的原则，构建了包括浮选柱本身多流态、浮选柱与浮选机两种方法结合的基于设备内部以及不同设备之间的多流态梯级强化浮选过程：基于柱-机联合的宽粒级硫化矿分级浮选工艺。为了实现硫化铜矿的分级浮选工艺，对宽粒级硫化矿的分级过程进行了研究和分析计算，并对现场的磨矿分级流程进行了改造，在不影响原有磨矿分级系统的前提下，通过旋流器的串联应用，充分利用旋流器溢流的余压和设备之间的高差，解决了分级浮选对浮选物料的细度、浓度和矿量在浮选柱和浮选机之间合理分配的问题，为基于柱-机联合的分级浮选工艺流程在工业上的应用奠定了基础。在大红山铜矿进行了硫化铜矿柱-机联合分级浮选的工艺研究，实验室试验表明：无论对于单一浮选机还是对于浮选柱的分选，分级浮选的分选指标都要好于不分级浮选的指标。粗粒级采用浮选机分选，细粒级采用浮选柱分选的浮选柱+浮选机的分级浮选新工艺的分选指标又优于单一的浮选机和浮选柱分级浮选工艺。这与前期的理论分析是一致的。粗粒级利用浮选机进行一粗一扫，粗精矿再磨两次精选的浮选工艺，细粒级利用浮选柱进行一粗一精的浮选工艺，耦合而成的浮选柱+浮选机的分级浮选新工艺的分选指标可以达到精矿品位为21.93%，精矿回收率为95.88%的分选指标，与不分级分选工艺相比较在精矿品位接近的情况下，精矿回收率提高1.56个百分点。在分级浮选工艺设计的基础上，针对大红山铜矿磨矿的实际情况，对单段磨矿和两段磨矿的产物特性进行了研究，认为单段磨矿产物中最容易浮选的粒级的产率明显低于两段磨矿，是单段磨矿流程分选指标低于两段磨矿的最主要原因。在大红山铜矿系列进行了基于单段磨矿的硫化矿柱+机联合分级浮选流程的工业试验，分级浮选流程的指标与未分级浮选的指标相比较，在精矿品位提高3个百分点的同时，回收率提高0.5个百分点，其中系列浮选机的回收率比原来提高了0.1个百分点，精矿品位提高了近3.5个百分点；浮选柱回收率比原来提高1个百分点，精矿品位也同时提高了1个百分点左右，都体现出了比较好的分选效果。对浮选柱浮选细粒级的浮选产品通过粒度分析和解离度分析，发现浮选柱对各个粒级的分选指标都比较好，品位相对偏低的主要原因是解离度偏低造成的。对浮选机浮选粗粒级的浮选产品的粒度分析和工艺矿物学的研究表明：由于较细粒级的数量的减少，粗粒中的细粒部分浮选指标较有了大幅度提高，但最粗粒级部分的回收效果不佳，主要源于现场系列单段磨矿流程导致的入浮矿物的粒级分布不合理和现场扫选设备的不足。在分级浮选工艺条件下，浮选柱和浮选机的浮选指标与不分级浮选相比都有一定提高，在耦合矿石物性与设备特性的多流态分级浮选工艺条件下实现了宽粒级硫化铜矿物的高效分选。本论文有图31幅，表58个，参考文献148篇。关键词：柱-机联合流程；分级浮选；粒度效应；硫化矿；单段磨矿。101AbstractThe required grinding fineness for sulfide ore flotation is usually coarser, which means the wider size friction in the processing. It was found that the flotation column couldnt process the coarser particles efficiently, and the flotation cell had less selectivity in finer particles during the processing a pyrite containing gold ore in some dressing plant of Shandong Province, further investigations showed that the mean particle size of the concentrate of flotation cells used as the fast and scavenging flotation were 0.09mm while the mean particle size of the concentrate of cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation column (FCSMC) used in rough and clean flotation in the same system were 0.06mm, which also proved the granularity effect for both flotation column and cells, the same conclusion can also be induced in the processing of sulfide copper ore in Dahongshan copper mine.The flotation dynamic analyses of the flotation process are carried out by the theoretical research in flotation process of the collision, attachment and stability of mineral particles and bubbles, and the relationship of mineral granularity and the flotation processing surroundings： The lower turbulence intensity, bigger bubble diameter, bigger aeration volume, smaller ascending distance of mineralized bubble and bigger dosage of flotation reagents were needed with the enlarging of the mineral granularity, some of which was also validated by laboratory experiment in Dahongshan copper mine. Then the capture probability expressions of different mineral granularity in different flow patterns was conducted based on the further deducing of the granularity effect.The results of study on the different flotation equipment are shown as follows:The characteristics of flotation process of FCSMC are involving in higher turbulence intensity, taller ascending distance of mineralized bubble, smaller bubble diameter, and higher foam layer than those of flotation cells in flotation process According to the coupling of the requirement of the different mineral granularity and the flotation characteristics the different flotation methods, it can be concluded that the flotation characteristics of FCSMC are suitable to the requirements of the fine particles while flotation cells to coarse particles. So the granularity effect evitably occurred when the wider particle size materials are only processed by one kind of flotation methods, because of the mismatching of material requirement and the equipment characteristics.The flotation process with multiple flow patterns and step enhancement based on the multiple flow patterns of FCSMC itself and FCSMC and flotation cell is founded, which emphasize on characteristics of the granularity profile and flotability of minerals.Further researches are developed to fulfill the flotation process with multiple flow patterns and step enhancement, then the grinding and classification systems are modified by the usage of reclassification hydrocyclones, which solves the separations of fineness, concentration and ore mass rate in wide granularity friction mineral by utilizing the residual pressure of the former hydrocyclone and the height of the two hydrocyclones, and its founded that the usage of the latter hydrocyclone have no effect to the grinding and classification systems by calculations and stimulations Then the obstacles in FCSMC and flotation cell classification flotation system are smoothly removed.And the flotation flowsheet of classification of FCSMC and flotation cell in sulfide copper ore is carried out in Dahongshan copper mine. Some conclusions can be attained from the laboratory experiment in Dahongshan mine.1) The flotation performances of the classification flotation are better than that of direct flotation for both the FCSMC and flotation cells.2) The flotation performances of new technology of coupling FCSMC processing fine particle and flotation cell processing coarse particle are even better than that of classification flotation only by FCSMC or flotation cells.3) With the condition of “one stage roughing and one stage cleaning” flowsheet in fine particle and “one stage roughing, one stage scavenging, rough concentration regrinding and two stage cleaning” flowsheet in coarse particle, the concentrate containing 21.93% Cu with the recovery of Cu 95.88% was attained by the coupling new technology, which is 1.56 percentages higher than that of direct flotation in copper recovery at almost the same copper grade.The comparison of products characteristics between one stage and two stages grinding is proposed, and it is found that the yields of the finest and coarsest granularity in production of one stage grinding are much larger than that of two stages grinding, which is the most important reason of the worse flotation performance in flotation of one stage grinding products.The study on classification flotation of sulfide ore based on collaboration of FCSMC and flotation cell is carried out in industrial experiment in Dahongshan copper mine, and some conclusions are also can be drawn.1)The flotation performance of classification flotation based on collaboration of FCSMC and flotation cell in the 3rd system are 3 percentages higher in copper grade of concentration and 0.5 percentages higher in recovery than that of direct flotation in former producing in the 3rd system.2) The flotation performance of flotation cell in the 3rd system are 3.5 percentages higher in copper grade of concentration and 0.1 percentages higher in recovery than that of direct flotation in former producing in the 3rd system, which is better than that of direct flotation.3) The flotation performance of FCSMC in the 3rd system are 1 percentage higher in copper grade of concentration and 1 percentages higher in recovery than that of direct flotation in former producing in the 3rd system.The granularity and liberation analyses of flotation product of the FCSMC show that the FCSMC has processed all the mineral granularity perfectly, the lower grade of concentrates are because of the lower liberation degree, and the reasons of the lower recovery of floatation cell comes from the lower recovery in coarse particle mineral which are produced by one stage grinding in the3rd system and the deficiency of the scavenging equipment configuration mode. The flotation performance of flotation cell and FCSMC in the flotation flowsheet of classification flotation based on collaboration of FCSMC and flotation cell, are both better than that of direct flotation, which is the realization of efficient separation of wider granularity sulfide copper ore by coupling of characteristics ore and flotation equipment. There are 31 pictures, 58 charts and 148 reference documents in the dissertation.Keywords: collaboration of cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation column and flotation cell; classification flotation; separation mechanism; sulfphide ore; one stage grinding. Extended AbstractThe required grinding fineness of sulfide ore is usually coarser for flotation, which means the wider size friction in the flotation of these ores. It was found that the .flotation column couldnt process the coarser particles efficiently, and the flotation cell had less selectivity in finer particles during the processing the pyrite containing gold ore in some dressing plant of Shandong Province, further investigations showed that the mean particle size of the concentrate of flotation cells used as the fast and scavenging flotation were 0.09mm while the mean particle size of the concentrate of cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation column (FCSMC) used in rough and clean flotation in the same system were 0.06mm, which also proved the granularity effect for both flotation column and cells. And the same gold grade of the tailings of FCSMC and flotation column can be achieved in another pyrite containing gold ore in Shandong Province, while the grade of the concentrate of FCSMC is 12.69g/t higher than that of flotation column, the analysis of the flotation products indicated that the FCSMC can deal with the finer particles with higher selectivity and efficiency and the flotation cell does better in coarser ones, the same rules can also be seen in the processing of sulfide copper ore in Dahongshan copper mine.The granularity effect was analyzed by studying the influence factors in flotation process of the collision, attachment and stability of mineral particles and bubbles. The equations of probability of the process of collision (Pc), attachment (Pa) and stability (Ps) can be shown as follows: (In lower turbulence intensity) (In higher turbulence intensity)The granularity effect can be described as that lower turbulence intensity, bigger bubble diameter, bigger aeration volume, smaller ascending distance of mineralized bubble and bigger dosage of flotation reagents were needed with the enlarging of the mineral particle size by further analysis of the foregoing equations, some of which was also validated by laboratory experiment. Then the capture probability expressions of different particle size in different flow patterns was conducted based on the further deducing of the granularity effect.The equation of capture probability in turbulent flow for fine particles:The equation in laminar flow for fine particles:The equation in turbulent flow for coarse particles:The equation in laminar flow for fine particles:The results of study on the different flotation equipment are shown as follows:The characteristics of flotation process of FCSMC are involving in higher turbulence intensity, taller ascending distance of mineralized bubble, smaller bubble diameter, and higher foam layer. And that of the flotation cells are containing lower turbulence intensity, shorter ascending distance of mineralized bubble, bigger bubble diameter, and lower foam layer. According to the coupling of the requirement of the different mineral particle size and the flotation characteristics the different flotation equipment, it can be concluded that the flotation characteristics of FCSMC are suitable to the requirements of the fine particles while flotation cells to coarse particles. So the granularity effect evitably occurred when the wide particle size materials are processed by any kind of flotation equipment, because of the mismatching of material requirement and the equipment characteristics.The flotation process with multiple flow patterns and step enhancement based on the multiple flow patterns of FCSMC itself and FCSMC and flotation cell is founded, which emphasize on characteristics of the granularity profile and flotability of minerals.Further researches are developed to fulfill the flotation process with multiple flow patterns and step enhancement, then the grinding and classification systems are modified by the usage of reclassification hydrocyclones, which solves the separations of fineness, concentration and ore mass rate between the FCSMC and flotation cell system. Then the obstacles in FCSMC and flotation cell classification flotation system are smoothly removed.And the flotation flowsheet of classification of FCSMC and flotation cell in sulfide copper ore is carried out in Dahongshan copper mine; some conclusions can be attained from the laboratory experiment in Dahongshan mine.1) The flotation performances of the classification flotation are better than that of direct flotation for both the FCSMC and flotation cells.2) The flotation performances of new technology of coupling FCSMC processing fine particle and flotation cell processing coarse particle are even better than that of classification flotation only by FCSMC or flotation cells.3) With the condition of “one stage roughing and one stage cleaning” flowsheet in fine particle and “one stage roughing, one stage scavenging, rough concentration regrinding and two stage cleaning” flowsheet in coarse particle, the concentrate containing 21.93% Cu with the recovery of Cu 95.88% was attained by the coupling new technology, which is 1.56 percentages higher than that of direct flotation in copper recovery at almost the same copper grade.The comparison of products characteristics between one stage and two stages grinding is proposed, and it is found that the unit volume capacity of the one stage grinding is 0.2t/(m3h) lower, fineness of the products of grinding is 2-3 percentages lower and the recovery is 0.5 percentage lower than that of two stage grinding.And the screening of the shows that the yields of the 0.074mm particles are 2.58 percentages higher, and 0.010mm particle are 5.83 percentages higher than that of two stage grinding, which means the un