1、目 录1工艺判定要求51.1总则51.2对生产设备及原材料要求51.2.1生产线用水水质要求51.2.2化工原材料要求51.2.3质量检验手段51.3工艺判定程序51.4工艺判定试验及试样要求51.4.1试样要求51.4.2试验项目及试样数量61.5试验方法及质量指标61.5.1外观61.5.2镀层厚度61.5.3结合强度61.5.4耐蚀性61.5.5镀层脆性61.5.6导电性71.5.7六价铬含量71.6判定状态保持72批生产过程中零件质量检验要求72.1镀前表面质量要求72.2镀层外观72.3镀层厚度82.4结合强度82.5耐蚀性82.6镀层脆性82.7六价铬含量8表目录表1.判定试验项目
2、及试样数量6表2.螺纹上镀层厚度要求8 Error! Reference source not found.范 围:本规范要求了华为技术产品中电镀锌彩色钝化或黑色钝化工艺要求及其质量要求。本规范适适用于电镀锌工艺判定、首样判定和电镀批生产质量检验。可用于指导产品设计、采购和生产,和用于生产者在零件电镀处理过程中质量检验。本规范所要求电镀层只适适用于通常环境。简 介:电镀锌工艺中包含有多个后处理方法,华为产品要求电镀锌工艺中,其后处理只能采取不含六价铬钝化,同时对于锌基合金压铸件许可只进行“钝化”处理。本文要求了钝化膜层质量指标,包含镀层厚度、钝化膜耐蚀性、镀层和基体结协力、镀层脆性和六价铬含量
3、等等,同时明确了在工艺判定时和批生产情况下多种零件类型检验方法。关键词:镀锌,钝化,质量,六价铬。引用文件:下列文件中条款经过本规范引用而成为本规范条款。通常注日期引用文件,其随即全部修改单(不包含勘误内容)或修订版均不适适用于本规范,然而,激励依据本规范达成协议各方研究是否可使用这些文件最新版本。通常不注日期引用文件,其最新版本适适用于本规范。序号文件编号文件名称等效标准1IEC 60068-2-11基础环境试验程序.第2部分:试验.试验Ka:盐雾GB 2423.17ASTM B1172ISO 1463金属和氧化物覆盖层 横断面厚度显微镜测量方法GB/T 6462 3ISO 2178磁性金属
4、基体上非磁性覆盖层厚度测量 磁性方法GB/T 49564ISO 2409涂料和清漆 交叉切割试验GB/T 92865ISO 3613锌、铬、铝锌合金及锌铝合金表面铬酸盐转化镀层测试方法GB/T 97916ISO 4042紧固件.电镀层GB/T 5267.17ISO 4519金属电镀层和相关精加工 计数检验抽样程序GB/T 126098GB/T 2058锌阳极板9GB 5749生活饮用水卫生标准10DKBA0.400.0021产品表面外观缺点限定标准术语和定义:术语定义平均厚度在同一平面内、选择平均分布十个点进行厚度测量,所测厚度算术平均值即为平均厚度。主视表面零件在装配成完整产品后处于正常视觉
5、范围内可见表面。生产批指同一天在相同条件下处理、材料和形状相同零件总和。标准胶带指符合ISO2409、专门用于检测表面镀涂层附着力粘胶带产品,其在金属表面或有机涂层表面粘附力是每25 mm宽不低于 (10 1) N。丝印即丝网印刷。一个印刷工艺方法。1 工艺判定要求1.1 总则 电镀锌工艺应采取环境保护无氰电镀工艺;钝化不能采取含六价铬工艺。除紧固件外,电镀后处理工艺中不能有任何“封闭”类处理操作。生产者工艺设备、工艺步骤、质量确保方法应在其关键工艺文件中加以说明。生产者工艺质量必需满足第 1.2 至 1.6 节要求。1.2 对生产设备及原材料要求1.2.1 生产线用水水质要求1) 全部工艺槽
6、配制用水必需用去离子水或蒸馏水;2) 钝化前、后清洗用水必需用去离子水或蒸馏水;其它清洗用水必需达成 GB 5749 饮用水要求;3) 清洗槽中水流方法应采取逆流,或定时更换。(注:去离子水或蒸馏水水质要求达成 pH5.0-7.5,电导率小于 10 S/cm)1.2.2 化工原材料要求1) 镀锌前各工艺槽所用化工原材料必需不低于对应工业级材料国家标准要求;2) 镀锌液所用化工原材料必需不低于对应化学纯级材料国家标准要求;3) 镀锌用锌阳极不低于 GB/T 2058 要求。4) 镀锌光剂或钝化剂供给商必需含有良好品质确保能力,通常需得到华为技术认可。1.2.3 质量检验手段生产方除了应含有化学分
7、析试验室外,还必需含有以下检测仪器:测厚仪、盐雾试验箱、附着力检测用刀具和标准胶带(符合 ISO 2409),并能进行合格试验操作。全部检测仪器设备全部必需含有有效校验合格证。1.3 工艺判定程序被判定工厂必需完成以下全部试验工作,这些试验必需在零件批生产所用条件下完成:1.试样加工 (注1)2.表面处理 (注2)3.试样检验及测试4.提供试验汇报(注3)及试片给华为技术质检部门方便复验注:1、判定用试样也可由华为技术完成并提供给被判定工厂。2、全部试样必需同时进行处理。试验汇报发出者必需是华为技术质量判定部门认可试验室或单位。1.4 工艺判定试验及试样要求1.4.1 试样要求1) 挂镀工艺材
8、料: 冷轧钢板或锌合金压铸件尺寸: 801251 4 (mm) 或和实际加工零件相同或相同样件表面粗糙度:Ra 1 mm表面处理: 依据工艺判定要求选择冷轧板电镀锌彩色钝化或锌基合金直接钝化处理。2) 滚镀工艺材料: 冷轧钢尺寸: 选择和实际加工零件相同或相同样件表面粗糙度:Ra 1 mm表面处理: 依据工艺判定要求选择电镀锌彩色钝化或黑色钝化工艺1.4.2 试验项目及试样数量表1给出了工艺判定所需试验项目和试样数量要求:表1. 判定试验项目及试样数量试验项目试样数量(件)备注外观全部试样镀层厚度全部试样锌基合金钝化工艺不要求结合强度3锌基合金钝化工艺不要求镀层脆性3+3 锌基合金钝化工艺不要
9、求耐蚀性3+3 导电性3六价铬含量2注: 其中三件为提供华为技术进行复验用。1.5 试验方法及质量指标1.5.1 外观1) 全部试样均应进行外观检验。2) 镀层结晶均匀、细致、连续。3) 许可有轻微夹具印。4) 不许可:镀层粗糙、麻点、黑点、起泡、剥落和严重条纹;钝化膜疏松、起粉、及严重钝化液痕迹;局部无镀层。5) 钝化膜颜色以下:镀锌后彩色钝化膜应是带有绿色、黄色和紫色色彩光亮彩虹色;锌基合金钝化处理膜能够是灰色至略显彩色暗灰色;黑色钝化处理表面应是均匀黑色。1.5.2 镀层厚度1) 全部试样均应进行厚度检测。2) 按 ISO 2178 进行非破坏性测试(或采取其它等效方法)。每一试样上测取
10、 10 个点(滚镀试样可只取35个点),其值均应在 812m 范围以内。1.5.3 结合强度1) 在三件试样上进行结合强度试验;试验应在电镀完成 24H 后、三天之内进行。2) 按 ISO 2409 试验方法,在试样上划出 1mm 见方 100 个小格,然后用标准胶带拉扯,应没有钝化膜或镀层脱落现象。1.5.4 耐蚀性1) 在三件试样上进行耐蚀性试验;试验应在电镀或钝化完成 24H 后、三天之内开始进行。2) 对镀锌彩色钝化膜:按IEC 60068-2-11 进行 72H 中性盐雾试验;试验后,在每一试样试验表面不能出现任何白色或黑色腐蚀点。3) 对锌基合金钝化处理膜:按IEC 60068-2
11、-11 进行 48H 中性盐雾试验;试验后,在每一试样距边缘 5mm 以上表面不能出现任何白色或黑色腐蚀点。1.5.5 镀层脆性1) 在三件试样上进行镀层脆性试验。2) 将试样放入 180200 恒温烘箱中保持 0.51 H后,取出自然冷却,检验镀层应没有起泡、脱落现象。1.5.6 导电性1) 在三件试样上进行导电性测试。2) 利用微欧计,两个电极和被测表面接触,电极面积为 1cm2、电极压强为 1.4MPa(即压力 14kgf),在试样表面上任取两点进行测量,共测 5次,其值应小于 50 m。1.5.7 六价铬含量1) 按ISO 3613中六价铬存在试验方法检测钝化膜中是否存在六价铬。2)
12、假如发觉存在六价铬,则应利用ISO 3613中比色法定量检测六价铬含量(检测机构必需得到华为技术认可)。要求转化膜中六价铬含量不能高于900ppm。1.6 判定状态保持经过华为技术判定工艺,在未得到华为技术同意之前,不能改变任何可影响性能质量工艺参数,不然将重新进行判定.。2 批生产过程中零件质量检验要求2.1 镀前表面质量要求1) 应无严重油污、金属屑、漆层和锈蚀和氧化皮等;不能夹带有任何塑料膜碎屑。2) 零件表面应无毛刺、裂纹、压坑等因操作不良而造成人为损伤;表面划伤等外观缺点要符合 DKBA0.400.0021 要求;3) 焊接件应无焊料剩下物和溶渣、钍孔等缺点;焊缝处严重氧化皮应已被打
13、磨消除;4) 应无铆接螺母(或“压死边”)等易造成截留溶液缝隙,除非是特殊结构使镀后铆接不可能实现;5) 铸件不得有未除尽砂粒和涂料烧结物,不能有肉眼可见针孔、起皮、夹层等缺点;6) 铸件、焊接件、冲压件及原材料,假如带有其对应技术标准许可范围内缺点,能够接收。2.2 镀层外观1) 全部零件全部应进行外观检验。2) 镀层结晶均匀、细致、连续。3) 颜色:镀锌后彩色钝化膜应是带有绿色、黄色和紫色色彩光亮彩虹色,但许可经过局部喷粉零件表面镀层变暗失光或呈雾状;黑色钝化膜应是均匀黑色;锌基合金压铸件钝化后外观颜色不作控制要求。4) 在零件表面许可有以下缺点: 不影响装配后外观效果轻微水印(主视表面不
14、许可有水印); 非主视表面上小而少夹具印(夹具印小于 11 mm2); 因为零件表面状态不一样而造成同一零件上有不均匀颜色或光泽; 在复杂件、大型件或过长零件棱边及端部有轻微粗糙(不影响装配); 焊缝、搭接交界处不显著稍暗或发白,或符合外观要求(参见DKBA0.400.0021)局部修补; 在大型零件(某一方向尺寸超出 600mm)隐蔽部位许可有少于三处、每处面积小于 4mm2 钝化膜脱落(表现为白色)和黑点现象。5) 不许可: 镀层粗糙、起泡、烧焦、孔隙、疙瘩、脱落、裂纹; 树枝状、海绵状和条纹状镀层; 钝化膜疏松、起粉; 局部无镀层; 手印; 彩色钝化膜中夹有深黄色、棕色或褐色;黑色钝化膜
15、中夹有白色、红色。 在上面第4)点中未包含其它缺点。2.3 镀层厚度1) 厚度检验在零件上进行;每件零件全部需检测(滚镀零件能够抽检,抽检百分比符合 ISO 4519 要求)。2) 按 ISO 2178 进行检测。在零件表面,凡能被直径为 20 mm 球接触到区域,其平均厚度应为 812m ,最低电位区域(如槽内)许可最小平均厚度在 5m 以上。 凡直径为 20 mm 球不能接触到区域,其厚度不作要求。3) 对带螺纹工件:其镀层厚度以确保螺纹质量为准,即必需符合图纸或 ISO 4042 中要求,如表2 所表示;其厚度检测方法按 ISO 4042 相关内容进行。4) 当对检测结果有争议时,按 I
16、SO 1463 进行仲裁试验。表2. 螺纹上镀层厚度要求螺纹公称直径(mm)2.53810121422螺纹上镀层厚度(m)358102.4 结合强度1) 试验应在电镀完成 24H 以后、三天之内进行;每生产批最少检验一件试片(试片要求见 1.4.1 节)或样件。2) 按 ISO 2409 试验方法,在试样或样件上划出 1mm 见方 100 个小格,然后用标准胶带拉扯,应没有钝化膜或镀层脱落现象。不然该生产批零件不合格。3) 对螺纹紧固件、锌基合金钝化处理不要求此项内容。2.5 耐蚀性1) 耐蚀性检测在零件上进行。2) 试验应在电镀完成 24H 以后、三天之内进行;每生产批最少检验一件零件。3)
17、 对镀锌彩色钝化膜:按 IEC 60068-2-11 进行 72H 中性盐雾试验;试验后,在试样距边缘5mm以外表面不能出现任何白色或黑色或棕红色腐蚀点。不然,该批零件不合格。4) 对镀锌黑色钝化膜、或锌基合金钝化处理膜:按 IEC 60068-2-11 进行 48H 中性盐雾试验;试验后,在每一试样除边缘5mm以外表面不能出现任何白色或黑色腐蚀点。不然,该批零件不合格。5) 对于紧固件之类滚镀小零件,每生产批试验零件最少取 5 件。在按上述3)要求试验后,许可不超出 1/2 试样在表面出现部分黑点、但不许可出现白色腐蚀。不然,该批零件不合格。紧固件不考查螺纹及装配后压合部位。6) 对于局部喷
18、粉零件,在喷粉后不要求耐蚀性试验。7) 对于只在电镀层上进行了丝印、没有再进行其它处理零件表面,其耐蚀性要求和上面第3)点一样。8) 当生产零件尺寸太大(不能放入试验箱)时,能够用该零件上经典结构部分作替换试样。2.6 镀层脆性1) 每生产批零件中抽取最少三件进行本试验。2) 将试样放入 180200 恒温烘箱中保持 0.51H 后,取出自然冷却,检验每件上镀层全部应没有起泡、脱落现象。不然该生产批零件不合格。3) 对锌基合金钝化处理零件、紧固件不要求此项内容。2.7 六价铬含量1) 每七天试验一次,有新调整电镀或钝化溶液后也必需试验一次。试验样件必需从批生产零件中抽取最少一件。2) 按 IS
19、O 3613 中六价铬存在试验方法检测钝化膜中是否存在六价铬。3) 假如发觉存在六价铬,则应利用 ISO 3613 中比色法定量检测六价铬含量(检测机构必需得到华为技术认可)。要求转化膜中六价铬含量不能高于900ppm。TABLE OF CONTENTS1.REQUIREMENTS FOR PROCESS AUTHENTICATION121.1.General Principles121.2.Requirements for Production Equipment and Raw Materials121.2.1 Requirements for Water Quality of Produ
20、ction Line121.2.2 Requirements for Chemical Raw Materials121.2.3.Quality Inspection Methods121.3.Procedures for Process Qualification121.4.Test and Sample Requirements for Process Qualification131.4.1 Sample Requirements131.4.2 Test Items and Sample Quantity131.5.Test Methods and Quality Indexes131.
21、5.1 Appearance131.5.2 Coating Thickness141.5.3 Bonding Strength141.5.4 Corrosion Resistance141.5.5 Coating Embrittlement141.5.6 Electrical Conductivity141.5.7 Content of Hexavalent Chrome141.6.Maintenance of Qualification State152.REQUIREMENTS FOR BATCH PRODUCTION152.1.Surface Quality Requirements B
22、efore Plating152.2.Coating Appearance152.3.Coating Thickness162.4.Bonding Strength162.5.Corrosion Resistance162.6.Coating Embrittlement172.7.Content of Hexavalent Chrome17LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 TEST ITEMS AND SAMPLE QUANTITY15TABLE 2 REQUIREMENTS FOR COATING THICKNESS OF SCREW THREADS18Error! Refere
23、nce source not found. ScopeThis specification defines process and quality requirements for color passivation or black passivation of zinc electroplating in products of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Huawei).This specification is applicable to the process qualification and
24、initial sample qualification of zinc electroplating, and quality inspection of electroplating in batch production. It can be used to guide the design, procurement and production of products, as well as quality inspection during the process of parts electroplating by manufacturers.Electroplated coati
25、ngs required in this specification apply to only the general environment.Brief introductionZinc electroplating process contains multiple post-processing methods. However, the zinc electroplating process of Huaweis products only uses hexavalent chrome exclusive passivation for post-processing. In add
26、ition, for the zinc alloy die castings, only passivation is permitted. This document specifies quality indexes of passive films, including coating thickness, corrosion resistance of passive films, bonding force between coating and substrate, coating embrittlement, and content of hexavalent chrome. B
27、esides, it defines the testing methods of various parts during process qualification and batch production.Key wordsZinc plating, passivation, quality, and hexavalent chromeReferenced DocumentsThe following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provi
28、sions of this specification. For dated references, subsequent amendments, excluding corrections, to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this specification are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions
29、of the normative documents. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.No.Doc No.Doc TitleEquivalent1IEC 60068-2-11Basic environmental testing procedures. Part 2 : Tests. Test Ka: Salt mistGB 2423.17ASTM B1172ISO 1463Measurement of transaction thickness
30、of metallic and oxide coating using microscopical methodGB/T 6462 3ISO 2178Measurement of non-magnetic coating thickness on magnetic and metallic substrates-magnetic methodsGB/T 49564ISO 2409Coatings and vanishes-Cross-cut testGB/T 92865ISO 3613Chromate conversion coatings on zinc,cadmium,aluminium-
31、zinc alloys and zinc-aluminium alloys Test methodsGB/T 97916ISO 4042Fasteners-Electroplated coatingsGB/T 5267.17ISO 4519Electrodeposited metallic coatings and related finishes - Sampling procedures for inspection by attributesGB/T 126098GB/T 2058Zinc anodic plate9DKBA0.400.0021Cosmetic Standard for
32、Product SurfacesTerm&DefinitionTermDefinitionAverage thicknessArithmetic mean value of thicknesses of ten evenly distributed points on one surface.Primary apparent surfaceVisible surface within the normal visual range after assembly of a complete product with parts.Production batchSum of parts with
33、similar materials and shapes processed under the same conditions on the same day.Standard adhesive tapeAdhesive tape specifically for testing adhesion of surface coatings. The adhesion on the surface of metal or organic coating is not less than 101 N for a width every 25 mm.SilkscreenSilkscreen prin
34、ting, a printing method.1. Requirements for Process Authentication1.1. General PrinciplesZinc electroplating should adopt the environmental non-cyanide electroplating technology. Passivation cannot use the technology with hexavalent chrome. Except fasteners, any “closed” processing operation should
35、not exist in the post-processing of electroplating.Manufacturers process documents should specify their process equipment, process flow, and quality assurance measures.Manufacturers process quality must meet requirements specified in sections 1.21.6.1.2. Requirements for Production Equipment and Raw
36、 Materials1.2.1 Requirements for Water Quality of Production Line1) The prepared water for all process troughs must be deionized water or distilled water.2) The rinsing water before and after passivation must be deionized water or distilled water. Other rinsing water must be tap water.3) The water i
37、n washing troughs should be in counter flow or changed periodically.(Note: The quality of deionized water or distilled water should meet requirements such as pH = 5.07.5 and electrical conductivity 10 S/cm.)1.2.2 Requirements for Chemical Raw Materials1) Before plating zinc, chemical raw materials u
38、sed in all process troughs must meet national standard requirements for industrial-class materials.2) Chemical raw materials used in the zinc plating solution must meet national standard requirements for chemical pure-class materials.3) Zinc anodes for plating zinc should meet requirements in GB/T 2
39、058.4) Suppliers must provide zinc-plating brighteners or passivators with good quality, which generally should be recognized by Huawei.1.2.3.Quality Inspection MethodsBesides chemical analysis laboratories, manufacturers must have the following testing instruments compliant with test operations: th
40、ickness gauge, salt fog testing chamber, and tools and standard adhesive tapes for testing adhesion (in accordance with ISO 2409). All testing instruments must have a valid calibration certificate.1.3. Procedures for Process QualificationAuthenticated factories must complete the following test opera
41、tions under the conditions for batch production of parts.Sample processing (Note 1)Surface treatment (Note 2)Sample inspection and testProviding Huawei with test reports (Note 3) and sample pieces for retest. Samples used in qualification can also be produced and provided by Huawei. All samples must
42、 be processed simultaneously. Test reports must be issued by laboratories or units approved by the Qualification Dept of Huawei.1.4. Test and Sample Requirements for Process Qualification1.4.1 Sample Requirements1) Rack plating processMaterial: cold rolled steel plates or zinc alloy die castings.Dim
43、ensions: 80 mm x 125 mm x 14 mm or samples which are the same as or similar to actual processing parts.Surface roughness: Ra 1 mm.Surface treatment: According to requirements for process qualification, select color passivation for cold rolled zinc electroplating or direct passivation for zinc alloys
44、.2) Barrel plating processMaterial: cold rolled steel.Dimension: samples which are the same as or similar to actual processing parts. Surface roughness: Ra 1 mm.Surface treatment: According to requirements for process qualification, select color passivation or black passivation for zinc electroplati
45、ng.1.4.2 Test Items and Sample QuantityTable 1 shows requirements for test items and sample quantity in process qualification.Table 1 Test items and sample quantityTest ItemSample Quantity (Pieces)RemarksAppearanceAll samplesCoating thicknessAll samplesNot required in passivation process of zinc all
46、oysBonding strength3Not required in passivation process of zinc alloysCoating embrittlement3+3 jNot required in passivation process of zinc alloysCorrosion resistance3+3 jElectrical conductivity3Content of hexavalent chrome2Note: j Three pieces are used for retest by Huawei.1.5. Test Methods and Quality Indexes1.5.1 Appearance1) Exterior inspection should be performed on all samples.
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