Therebe句型详细讲解.doc

There be 句型
一肯定句：“There be+主语（某人/某物）+介词短语”，表示“（在）某地有某人/某物”。这里的be的单复数形式要采取“就近一致”原则，即合靠近be的主语保持一致。具体地说，there后面第一个主语，若是单数时，be就用is/was;若是复数时be就用are/were。如：
There are three people in my family. 我家有三口人。
There is a pen and two books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。
二．否定式：“There be +not+主语+介词短语”。如：
There isn’t a boy in the room.房间里没有一个男孩。
There aren’t any books on the desk.书桌上没有书。
注意：“There be句型”的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样，在be后加not或no即可。
注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，所以not a/an/any+n.相当于no+n.。
例如：There are some pictures on the wall.
There aren’t any pictures on the wall.
=There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree.
There isn’t a bike behind the tree.
=There is no bike behind the tree.
三．疑问式：Be there+主语+介词短语？”。
肯定回答是：“Yes, there be.”否定回答是：“No, there+be与not的缩写形式”。如：—Is there a lamp in your bedroom?在你的卧室里有台灯吗？
—Yes, there is.是的，有。
—Are there any clock in the living room?客厅里有钟吗？
—No, there aren’t.不，没有。
四．特殊疑问句：“There be句型”的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：
1.对主语提问：当主语是人时，用“Who+be+介词短语？”；当主语是物时，用“What+be+介词短语？”。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式（回答时却要根据实际情况来确定）。如：
There are many things over there.
What’s over there?
There was a little girl in the room
Who was in the room?
2.对地点状语提问：提问地点用“Where+be+主语？”。例如：
There is a computer on the desk.
Where is the computer?
There were four children on the playground.
Where were the four children?
3.对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：
How many+复数名词+are/were (there)+介词短语？例如：
There’re many children in the park.
How many children are(there)in the park?
How much+不可数名词+is/was there+介词短语？例如：
There was little rain around the year.
How much rain was (there)around the year?
五．There be 的其他用法
1.there be与have的替换。there be表示所属关系时可与have替换。
There is nothing but a book in my bag.
=I have nothing but a book in my bag.我书包里只有一本书。
There are forty students in our class.
=Our class has forty students.我们班有四十名学生。
2.there be后接表示物的主语时，后面常接不定式作定语，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。There is a lot of work to do.有许多工作要做。
3.there be后接表示人或动物的主语时，后面长接V-ing形式作定语。
There are some children playing downstairs.几个孩子在楼下玩呢。
4.与其他词连用，构成复合谓语。如：
There may be a heavy rain this afternoon.今天下午可能有一场大雨。
There used to be a cinema here before the war.战前这里有一个电影院。
5.there be结构中的be根据所表达的句意需要，可用live，stand，remain等代替。如：Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else.从前有一个国王，他喜欢衣物胜过一切。
There stands a high mountain in the middle of the woods.丛林中叠立着一座高山。
6.there be结构的反意疑问句应与there be对应，而不是依据主语。如：
There is a radio on the table, isn’t there? 桌上有台收音机，是吗？
There aren’t any fish in the river, are there? 河里没有鱼，是吧？
7.习惯用语there’s no good/use…(没有好处/没有用的)后常接V-ing形式。如：
There is no good making friends with the dishonest men.和不诚实的人交朋友是没有好处的。

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