therebe用法大全.doc

there be用法大全

1. 基本结构

一、构成：There be ...句型表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为There be(is，are，was, were  )+名词+地点状语。例如：
There are fifty-two students in our class.
There is a pencil in my pencil-case.
There was an old house by the river five years ago.
二、各种句式：
否定句：There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not”。也可用“no”来表示。即：no + n.（名词）= not a\an\any + n.（名词）。注意：no + n.（可数名词单数）= not a\an + n.（可数名词单数）；no + n.（可数名词复数）= not any + n.（可数名词复数）；no + n.（不可数名词）= not any + n.（不可数名词）。例如：
There is an orange in her bag.
→There isn’t an orange in her bag.
→There is no orange in her bag.
There are some oranges in her bag.
→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.
→There are no oranges in her bag.
There is some juice in the bottle.
→There isn’t any juice in the bottle.
→There is no juice in the bottle.
  一般疑问句：There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。例如：
　　There is some money in her handbag. 
　　→ Is there any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否定句中，some改为any, something改为anything.)
There is something new in today’s newspaper.
→There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.
→Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?
特殊疑问句：　　
There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式： 
① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用 “Who’s + 介词短语?”；当主语是物时，用 “What’s + 介词短语?”。其中there在口语中常常省略。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如： 
    There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree? 
    There are some bikes over there. →What’s over there?
There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room? 
② 对地点状语提问：用 “Where is \ are + 主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）例如： 
   There is a computer in my office. 
→ Where is the computer? ----It’s in my office. 
   There are four children in the classroom. 
→Where are the four children?—They’ re in the classroom. 
 ③ 对数量提问：一般有两种提问方式： 
如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“How many +可数名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？”表示：
There are twelve months in a year. 
→How many months are there in a year?
There is only one book in my bag. 
→ How many books are there in your bag?
There is a cat in the box. 
→ How many cats are there in the box?
如果主语是不可数名词，则用“ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？”表示：
There is some money in my purse. How much money is there in          
your purse?
反意疑问句：There be或There加其它动词，其反意疑问句一律用…there? 例如：
There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn’t there?
There used to be no school here, used there \did there? 
三、注意事项：
1. There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”“was”。例如：
　　There is a basketball in the box.　 
There is a little milk in the glass.　
如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are” “were”。例如：
There are many birds in the tree.　 
There were many people in the street yesterday.　 
如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。例如：
There is an orange and some bananas in the basket. 
There are some bananas and an orange in the basket. 
 2.  There与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语 (如和将来时be going to\ will、现在完成时  have\has + pp. 、used to结构等连用，注意其构成形式,这一内容在我们日常练习中经常出现错误,是一难点,也是历年中考试题中的一个考点.)。例如：
There must be a pen in the box.
There happened to be some money in my pocket. 
There is going to be a meeting tonight.
There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.
There used to be a church across from the bank.
 3. There be句型和have\has的区别：
There be句型表示 “存在有”, have\has表示 “拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如：
桌子上有三本书. There are three books on the desk.
我有三本书. I have three books.
　　2. 主谓一致
　　要采取就近一致原则，和靠近 be 的主语一致。如：
　　There is a pen, two rulers in the box. 盒子里有一只钢笔，两把尺子。
　　There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate. 门口有两个男孩，一个老师。
　　3. There be+名词+分词
　　这种句式中分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。doing表示动作和前面名词有主谓关系，过去分词done和前面名词有被动关系。如：
　　There is a man sitting on the fence. 有个人正坐在篱笆上。
　　There was a car stolen last night. 昨晚有辆车被偷了。
　　这种句式可以用"主语+be+分词"这一结构来代替。例如:
　　There is a boy playing with a puppy in the yard. ( = A boy is playing witha puppy in the yard.)
　　一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩耍。
　　There has been more money spent on armaments than on famine relief. (=More money has been spent on armaments than on famine relief.)
　　花在军备上的钱比花在救灾上的钱还多。
　　4. 反意疑问句。
　　反意疑问句应与 there be 对应，而不是依据主语。如：
　　There is a radio on the table, isn't there? 桌子上有一台收音机，是吧?
　　There are more than fifty classes in your school, aren't there? 你们班有50多名学生，是吧?
　　5. there be 与 have 的替换
　　there be 表示所属时可与 have 替换。
　　There is nothing but a book in my bag. = I have nothing but a book in my bag. 包里只有一本书。
　　6. there be 后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
　　There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要做。
　　注意：当该句型主语是 something, anything, nothing 等不定代词时，后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式，意义各不同。
　　There is nothing to do. 没有事可做。
　　There is nothing to be done. 没有办法(束手无策)。
　　7. 与其它词连用，构成复合谓语。如：
　　There may be a rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有雨。
　　There used to be a cinema here before the war. 战争之前，这儿有一家电影院。
　　8. 变体
　　there be 结构中的 be 有时可用 live, stand, remain 等代替。如：
　　Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else. 从前有位国王喜欢新服胜过别的任何东西。
　　9. 习惯用语
　　There is no good /use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有好处/用处;There is not a moment to lose. 一刻也不能耽误。例如：
　　There is no good making friends with him. 和他交朋友没有什么好处。
　　He is very ill. Send him to hospital. There's not a moment to lose. 他病得厉害，把他送到医院去，一刻也不能耽误。
　　There be表示存在的“有”，他有各种时态，如:
　　一般现在时：there is/are;一般过去时：therewas/were
　　一般将来时：there will be;过去将来时：there would be;
　　现在完成时：there has/have been;过去完成时：there had been
　　要特别注意be going to 在there be 句型中的运用。例如：
　　There is going to be a film in the meeting hall.学校礼堂里将有一场电影。
　　还可扩展为许多其它句型，下面笔者对There be句型的扩展作一归纳。
　　一There be+主语
　　这种句式表示事物的客观存在,There be放在句首,而把真正的主语放在后面,可以用来表示现在时、过去时、完成时和将来时。例如:
　　There is a boy on the playground.操场上有个男孩。
　　There has been a lot of rain this month. 这个月雨水很多。
　　There will be an announcement soon. 不久会发布告。
　　二，There are + n(复数名词/不可数名词)+ and + n(复数名词/不可数名词)
　　该句型表示同一类人或物的不同性质，尤其表示有好坏优劣之分，意为“有各种各样的”、“种种不一”等。如：
　　There are friends and friends. 朋友有种种，有益友，有损友。
　　There is tea and tea. 茶叶有好有差。

　　四， There be+名词+动词不定式
　　这种句式中的及物动词(动词不定式)也可改成被动式, 意为"(没)有……要做"。例如:
　　There is a lot of work to do (to be done). 有许多工作要做。
　　There was no time to wait for you. 没有时间再等你了。
　　注意：There is nothing to do与There is nothing to be done. 含义不同。前者意为:"无事可做",后者意为"没有办法"。试比较:
　　There is nothing to do-I'm bored.
　　无事可做--我感到闷得慌。(=There is nothing to entertain me.) 没有什么活动来消遣。
　　There is nothing to be done-we'll have to buy another one. 没有办法--我们只好另外买一个了。(= There is no way off putting it right.)
　　五 There is+no+动名词
　　这种句式可与"It is impossible+动词不定式"替换,意为"无法做某事"。例如:
　　There is no stopping him. (=It is impossible to stop him.)无法阻止他。
　　There is no guessing what will happen.　无法猜到将会发生什么。
　　六， There is(no) need for+名词
　　该句式意为"(不)需要……"。例如:
　　There is no need for anxiety.　不需要担心。
　　There is a great need for a book on this subject. 非常需要有一本关于这个题目的书。
　　七， There is no need+动词不定式.例如:
　　There is no need for him to come.不需要他来了。
　　There is no need (for you) to start yet.(你)现在还没有必要动身。
　　八，There is no use+动名词
　　该句式可与"It is no use+动名词"互换,意为"……无用(无济于事)"。例如:
　　There is no use waiting any longer.(=It is no use waiting any longer.) 再等下去是没有用的。
　　There is no use(in) offering the olive branch now. 现在想和解也无济于事了。
　　九， There is nothing / not anything like… 该句型中“nothing/ not anything like…”相当于“nothing / not anything better / more suitable than…”，意为“没有什么比……更好/更合适/更有效了”。如： 　　 　　There is nothing like a book for taking you out of yourself. 没有什么比书更能使你解脱自己了。
　　There is nothing like walking as a means of keeping fit.
　　作为保持健康的方法,没有什么比散步更好的了。
　　十， There is nothing more...than
　　该句式意为"再……不过了"。例如:
　　There is nothing more dangerous than an illusion of security. 太平无事的想法是再危险不过的了。
　　十一，There is no(not any) point in+动名词
　　该句式意为:"……是没有意义(思)的。"例如:
　　There is no point in doing so. 这样做是没有意义的。
　　There is not any point in harping on the same old tune. 没有必要再重复这一套。
　　十二，情态动词及ought to，have to，used to用在there be结构中。例如:
　　There must be something wrong with the machine，for it doesn’t run well.
　　机器一定出了毛病，因为他运转不正常。
　　There oughtn’t to be too great a difference in our views.
　　我们的看法不应该存在太大的分歧。
　　There might be some good songs after all this trash.
　　在播放了这些乱七八糟的歌曲之后,可能会放几首好歌。
　　If the power hadn't been cut off so quickly, there could have been a big fire.
　　要不是迅速切断电源,可能会引发一场大火。
　　十三,There is a possibility of(或that)
　　该句式表示"有可能"。例如:
　　There is a possibility of my going to Denmark. (= There is a possibility that I may be able to go to Denmark.) 我有可能去丹麦。
　　十四, There+人称代词+come(go)/there come(go)+名词
　　该句式是there作感叹词放在句首。如果主语是人称代词,则动词放在其后;如果主语是名词,则动词放在其前。例如:
　　There they come!他们来了!
　　There comes the bus at last!公共汽车终于来啦!
　　十五,. There+动词
　　这种句式只限于表示存在某种状态、发生某种事或某事、某人到达等动词,意义比there be 结构格更为生动贴切。如live,lie seem,appear,happen tand,exist,arise,enter,come,go,remain，exist,rise,occur,flow,arrive,enter,follow等。而不适用于表示一般具体行动的动词。例如:
　　Many years ago，there lived an emperor who cared more for clothes than for anything else.
　　许多年前有位皇帝热衷于漂亮的衣服胜过其他东西。
　　There stands a tall building across the river over there.
　　河对面耸立着一幢高层建筑物。
　　There goes the bell.铃响了。
　　There comes a knock at the door.有人敲门。
　　There remains one question to be discussed.还剩一个问题要讨论。
　　There seems to be something wrong about it. 这事好像有点儿不大对头。
　　There appears to be no one who can answer this question. 看来没人能够回答这个问题。
　　There will follow an interval of five minutes. 随后将有五分钟的休息。
　　十六，There are/is certain(sure，likely)to be该结构的意义为肯定有/可能有。例如：
　　Thereare like to be more difficulties than you were prepared for。
　　很可能会遇到你预想不到的困难。
　　There are sure to be a restaurant some where。
　　某处肯定有个饭店。
　　十七，There +be+ed分词+to be常用动词有：say，expect，believe，consider，think，mean，构成信息来源模糊表达式。例如：
　　There is/are said to be a number of wounded on both sides。
　　据说双方都有不少受伤。
　　There is/are expected to be an exciting film next week。
　　预计下周有一步精彩电影上演。
　　十八v + there to be该结构中的动词往往是：expect, want, intend, mean, consider, like, hate, prefer等接不定式做宾语的动词。如：
　　We don’t want there to be any students falling behind. 我们不想有任何学生落后。
　　I should prefer there tobe no disscusion。我希望没有讨论。
　　动词let后接there be 做宾语补足语。如：
　　Let there be no mis under standing。不要产生误会。
　　十九There being/having been是独立主格结构，在句中作状语。如：
　　There having been no rain for a long time, the ground was burned black by the sun.
　　好长时间未下雨，大地都给太阳烤焦了。
　　二十There(not) being/there(not) having been用作ing分词的复合结构在句中做主语或宾语。例如：
　　There being a bus stop so near the house is an advantage。(做主语)
　　公共汽车站离家这末近是一很有利的条件。
　　I dreamed of there being a holiday tomorrow。
　　我梦想明天有一假日。
　　二十一，for ther to be 为不定式复合结构例如：
　　For there to be no late comers was unusual。
　　没人迟到这是不寻常的事。
　　It is not cold enough for there to be frost。
　　天还不够冷不足以有霜冻。
　　二十二，There is nothing for it but to do sth
　　该句型相当于“There is no choice but to do sth”，意为“别无他法，只能……”。如：
　　There is nothing for it but to do what is required. 只能按要求去做了，别无他法。(=I have no choice but to do what it required.)

。

二十三，There is+no+动名词
这种句式可与“It is impossible+动词不定式”替换,意为“无法做某事”。例如:
There is no stopping him. (=It is impossible to stop him.)无法阻止他。
There is no guessing what will happen. 无法猜到将会发生什么。

二十四， There is(no) need for+名词
该句式意为“(不)需要……”。例如:
There is no need for anxiety. 不需要担心。
There is a great need for a book on this subject. 非常需要有一本关于这个题目的书。

二十五，There is no need+动词不定式
例如:
There is no need for him to come. 不需要他来了。
There is no need (for you) to start yet. (你)现在还没有必要动身。

二十六， There is no use+动名词
该句式可与“It is no use+动名词”互换,意为“……无用(无济于事)”。例如:
There is no use waiting any longer.(=It is no use waiting any longer.) 再等下去是没有用的。
There is no use(in) offering the olive branch now. 现在想和解也无济于事了。

二十七， There is nothing to do
该句式与There is nothing to be done. 含义不同。前者意为:“无事可做”,后者意为“没有办法”。试比较:
There is nothing to do—I'm bored.
无事可做——我感到闷得慌。
(=There is nothing to entertain me.) 没有什么活动来消遣。
There is nothing to be done—we'll have to buy another one. 没有办法——我们只好另外买一个了。(= There is no way off putting it right.)

二十八，There is nothing like...as
该句式意为“没有什么比……更”。例如:
There is nothing like walking as a means of keeping fit.作为保持健康的方法,没有什么比散步更好的了。

二十九，There is nothing more...than
该句式意为“再……不过了”。例如:
There is nothing more dangerous than an illusion of security. 太平无事的想法是再危险不过的了。

三十，There is no(not any) point in+动名词
该句式意为:“……是没有意义(思)的。”例如:
There is no point in doing so. 这样做是没有意义的。
There is not any point in harping on the same old tune. 没有必要再重复这一套。

三十一，There might (could) be+名词
这种结构表示“可能”。例如:
There might be some good songs
after all this trash.在播放了这些乱七八糟的歌曲之后,可能会放几首好歌。
If the power hadn't been cut off so quickly, there could have been a big fire. 要不是迅速切断电源,可能会引发一场大火。

三十二， There is a possibility of(或that)
该句式表示“有可能”。例如:
There is a possibility of my going to Denmark. (= There is a possibility that I may be able to go to Denmark.) 我有可能去丹麦。
三十三， There+人称代词+come(go)/there come(go)+名词
该句式是there作感叹词放在句首。如果主语是人称代词,则动词放在其后;如果主语是名词,则动词放在其前。例如:
There they come!他们来了!
There comes the bus at last!公共汽车终于来啦!