形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则、用法.doc

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est；（1）单音节词如：smallsmallersmallest shortshortershortest （2）双音节词如：clevercleverercleverest narrownarrowernarrowest2以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st；如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest3重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er,最高级加-est；如：bigbiggerbiggest fatfatterfattest4辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；如：easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest5其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore differentmost different popularmore popularmost popular注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.（2） 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示非常.It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.6 有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级不规则goodbetterbest wellbetterbest badworseworst illworseworst oldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremost littlelessleast 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更”.如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高. 在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较.在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”.如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级.2“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越”如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.The wind became more and more heavily. 风变得越来越大.3含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式.如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?4. “the +比较级, the+比较级”,表示“越越”.The sooner,the better.越快越好.5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：. A is times the size /height/length/width of B.如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍.(新楼是旧楼的四倍高). A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍). A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍.6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最”的意思.如：He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的.7.否定词语+比较级,否定词语+ so as结构表示最高级含义.Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.8. 比较级与最高级的转换：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class9.修饰比较级和最高级的词(1） 可修饰比较级的词 .a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等.(除by far外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面.). 可用表倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语.(2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost.This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.10. 序数词通常只修饰最高级.11.要避免重复使用比较级.12.要避免将主语含在比较对象中.13.要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词.