if虚拟语气.doc

英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气（用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。）虚拟语气的考点：1. 条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2. 条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3. 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4. 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5. 虚拟语气时态的判定。一、If引导的虚拟条件句区别：If it rains tomorrow，the crops will be saved. 陈述语气If it rained tomorrow，the crops would be saved. 虚拟语气真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句真：eg.Ifhedoesnthurryup,hewillmissthebus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。(真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）Ifheisfree,hewillaskmetotellstories.如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气）非真：eg.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句）二、虚拟语气在条件从句中：【例句】1.If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。（与过去事实相反）2. If it were sunny tomorrow，i would come to see you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。（与将来事实可能相反）3. If i were you，i would go at once.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。（与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你）主从句的谓语形式时间If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在did/wereWould/could/should/might+V.（原原过去had doneWould/could/should/might+have+p.p将来1. did/were2. should do3. were to doWould/could/should/might+V.（原）（一）与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反的情况，例1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2. IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）3. Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)4. IfIhadanymoneywithme,Icouldlendyousome.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）5. Ifhestudiedharder,hemightpasstheexam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力If+主+did（were），主+would/should/could/might+动词原形（二）与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句例：1.IfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）2. Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）If+主+had done sth，主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（have done）（三）表示对将来情况的主观推测例：1.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalktohim.如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）2.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）3. IfsheweretobetherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。If+主+did（were to/should do），主+would/should/could/might+动词原形（在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，should动词原形构成，should可省略。）（四） 有时，主句和条件状语从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：Ifithadnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswouldbegrowingmuchbetter.如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。Ifhehadbeenworkinghard,hewouldbeworkingintheofficenow.要是他一直努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。（五） if虚拟句的倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。如：Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。如果条件状语中有were，had，should时，可以倒装成：were/should/had+主+其他If i were you，i would try it again. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。 Were i you,If he had been there yesterday，he would have seen the film. Had he been there yesterday,If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out. Should it snow tomorrow,（六）非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without.,butfor.等Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。Wedidntknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。（七） 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本该完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你应该能通过这次考试了。省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我现在在家里该多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是我得到它了该多好啊。1. the exam，he would have attend a college.A.If he passed B.Had he passed C.Were he passed D.If he should pass2. five minutes earlier，you could have seen them off.A.If you should arrive B.If you arrive C.Had you arrive D.Should you arrive翻译句子：1.If_(如果明天不下雨的话),wewillgotothezoo.2_(如果你生病了),youmustseethedoctor.3.Youllhavetohavearest_（如果你感到累）4_(如果我们训练海豚),theyperformtricks.5Parrotsrepeatwords_(如果你教他们)6_(如果老虎住在野外),theywillhuntfortheirownfood.7.Ifyoudonothurryup,_.(你会上学迟到).练习以及解析1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_thebookfromwhichitwasmade.A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereading2.Youarelate.Ifyou_afewminutesearlier,you_him.A. come;wouldmeet B.hadcome;wouldhavemetC.come;willmeet D.hadcome;wouldmeet3.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.shouldbe B.wouldbe C.havebeen D.hadbeen5.Helookedasifhe_illforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen7.IwishthatI_withyoulastnight.A.went B.couldgo C.havegone D.couldhavegone9. I cantstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_everything.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown10._thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.A. BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor11.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet12.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach16.Hesuggestedthatthey_useatrickinsteadoffighting.A.shouldB.wouldC.doD.had17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_there.A.notwentB.wontgoC.notgoD.nottogo19.WouldyouratherI_buyinganewbike?A.decidedagainstB.willdecideagainstC.havedecidedD.shalldecideagainst20. Youlooksotiredtonight.Itishigh timeyou_.A.gotosleepB.wenttosleepC.gotobedD.wenttobed21. Whydidntyoubuyanewcar?IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_enoughmoney.A. hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad22.Ifshecouldsew,_.A.shemakeadressB.shewouldhavemadeashirtC.shewillmakeashirtD.shewouldhadmadeacoat24.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe_ashorttripabroad.A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.takeD.took25.TheBakersarrivedlastnight.Iftheydonlyletusknowearlier,_atthestation.A.wedmeetthemB.wellmeetthemC.wedhavemetthemD.wevemetthem26. IfI_you,I_moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was;shallpayB.am;willpayC.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay27.Wemighthavefailedifyou_usahelpinghand.A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive28.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.had C.haveD.willhave29.Itisstrangethathe_so.A.wouldsayB.wouldspeakC.shouldsayD.willspeak30.HadIknownhername,_A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?C.shewouldbebeautiful.D.Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch.翻译句子：1.itdoesntraintomorrow2.Ifyouareill3.ifyoufeeltired4.Ifwetraindolphins5.ifyouteachthem 6.Iftigersliveinthewild7.youwillbelateforschool15BBDD610DAD1115CD 1620ACAD2125DBCCC2630DCCCD3135DDCCB3640DCACD解析：1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。2. 条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。3. asif后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。5. asif后面是真实情况，不虚拟。7.couldhavedone表示“本来可以”。9.asif表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。本句as though后面是与现在相反的虚拟语气 所以用 一般过去时.10.butfor表示“要不是的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。11.inadvance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb.shoulddo的形式。17.suggest后面的从句用sb.shoulddo的形式，should可以省略。19.wouldrather的宾语从句用sb.did的形式。20.Itistime后面的定语从句用sb.did的形式。Its time + that 时，that可省略，time可由high,about修饰，从句中的谓语动词有两种形式，或者用动词的过去式(be用were); 或者用shoud + 动词原形（should不能省略)。此句型为虚拟语气句型，表示“现在某人该做某事了”。21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。22.wouldhavedone是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。24.suggest后面的从句用sb.shoulddo的形式，should可以省略。25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。28.require后面的从句用sb.shoulddo的形式，should可以省略。29.Itisstrangethat是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb.shoulddo的形式。30.hadIknown是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。