英语倒装句的知识点.doc

倒装句
概念解析：
倒装：指的是主语和谓语(整个谓语/部分谓语)的颠倒。
主语与整个谓语部分位置完全颠倒→完全倒装 如：
On the top of the hill stands a big temple.
(地点状语) （谓语） （主语）
Now comes your turn.
(时间副词) （谓语） （主语）
Away went the bus.
(方位副词) （谓语） （主语）
主语与部分谓语颠倒（把情态动词/be动词/助动词提到主语的前面）→部分倒装 如：
Only in this way can you improve your oral English .
(only引导介词短语) （情态动词）（主语）
Not until 11:30 last night did I go to bed.
（时间状语） （助动词） （主语）
观察上面的有关完全倒装和部分倒装的有关例句，不难发现，无论完全倒装还是部分倒装都是有条件的。
一： 完全倒装：
条件：1. 主语为名词或名词性的短语（若主句主语是代词则不用倒装）
2. 特殊的词或短语放句首
（1）表示时间的副词now, then 放句首且主语为名词或名词性的短语
Then came my turn to recite the text.
（2）表示方位的副词（here, there , out ,in ,up ,down ,away）、表示方位的名词性短语（由north, south, east, west构成）和表示地点的介词短语放句首，且主语为名词或名词性的短语
There goes the bell.
Out rushed the children.
North of the city lies a temple.
Southeast of the village stands a tower.
Under the table was lying a cat.
【区别：】Here it is. Away he went.（若主语是人称代词则不用倒装）
（3） 在“there live(-s,-d)/ stand(-s,-ed)/ exist(-s,-ed)+名词或名词性短语+其他的句型中”
There lived a king in this castle in ancient times. 古时候有个国王住在这个城堡里。
( 4 ) 表语放句首用完全倒装 ，即“表语+be +主语”：
Among these students is one who got the first place in the final exam.
在这些学生中有一个在期末考试中取得了第一名的好成绩。
Gone are the days when Chinese people were looked down upon.
中国人们被歧视的日子一去不复返了。
Present at the meeting are Mr kang, Miss li and Ms zhang.
二：部分倒装：
条件：特殊的词或短语放在句首
（1）含有否定意义的副词或副词短语或一些特定连词词语放在句首
这些词常见的有：rarely , hardly, not , never , little, seldom,nowhere(else) ，neither, nor; by no means/ at no time/ on no account(绝不)；not only, not until 等
Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with. 我一到，就有新问题要处理。
【思维拓展】hardly+部分倒装/过去完成时…when+一般过去时；
scarcely …when/no sooner …than 都表示“一…就怎么样”；
否定副词hardly, scarcely, no sooner 放句首它们后面句子用部分倒装且用过去完成时
Not a single mistake did he make.(not +名词短语放句首后用部分倒装)
On no account wil our heros give in to the Japanese invaders. (表否定的副词短语放句首)
Not until the TV program was over did I go to bed. 直到电视节目结束，我才去睡觉。
(not until +句子/时间副词放句首，后面的主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装)
Not only does she speak English but also she can speak French.
（not only …but also 连接两个句子的时候not only 后面的句子用部分倒装）
I am not interested in maths. Neither is he.
He seldom goes to the cinema. Nor do I.
(neither / nor +be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语表示前面否定内容也适合于另一个人或事物)
（2）only 引起的倒装
only + 时间副词（now/then）
only + 介词短语(only in this way / only by this means …)
only + 从句 ( only when / only after / only if …..)
以上三种情况放句首用部分倒装
Only then did I realize my mistake. 只是到那个时候我才意识到自己的错误。
Only in this way can you solve the problem. 只有通过这种方式才能解决这个问题。
Only if you study hard can you succeed. 只有努力学习，才能成功。
【注意：】 only 修饰名词或者代词不倒装: Only you know the truth.
（3）so 放在句首
表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物，其句型是：so + be / have/助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语
She is a teacher. So is her mother. 她是个老师，她的妈妈也是。
You can ride a bike. So can I. 你能骑自行车， 我也能。
【区别】：----It is a fine day today.
-----So was it yesterday. (昨天也是这么好) / So it is（今天确实很好）
【规律总结】对前面的一种肯定情况再次强调用so + 主语+ 谓语
如果前面说的两种或多种情况也适合于后者用so it is (was) with sb./ it is (was ) the same with sb. 结构
He is a teacher and teaching in Shandong experimental high school.
So it is with me/ It is the same with me.
4）在so … that 句型中，若将so 及其所修饰的形容词或者副词放在句首，则so所在的分句主谓部分倒装。在such….that 结构中，若将such 所修饰的名词（短语）放句首，则such 所在的句子用部分倒装。
So excited was he that he could hardly say a word.
他如此激动，以至于几乎连一句好也说不出来。
Such a clever boy is he that he knows much.
【知识拓展:】
☆1)在虚拟条件句中省略if 的情况
省略if的条件：if虚拟条件句从句中有had / were/should，把if 去掉把had/ were/ should提前
Had you come earlier, you would have seen him. 你若早来就能见到他。
Were it to snow tomorrow, (=should it snow tomorrow), I would not go.
如果明天下雪我就不去了
☆2) as 引导的让步状语从句中，必须将表语或者状语或者谓语提到句首，其余部分位置不变。如表语为名词时，之前不能加冠词。
Tired as she was, she worked late into the night. 尽管她很累，但是她仍然工作到深夜。
Child as he was, he was very brave. 尽管他是个孩子，但是他很勇敢。
Hard as he studies , he still fail the exam. 尽管他学习很努力， 但是他仍然没通过考试。
Try as he might , he was not able to make it.
3）表示祝愿的may 和long live 放句首用部分倒装。如：
May you have a happy life.
Long live the People’s Repubilc of China.
4)表示频率often和many a time ,放句首用部分倒装。
Often do I go to school by bike.
Many a time has I seen him taking a walk alone .
5）.表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时 (此知识点了解就可以)
Well do I remember the day when I joined the League. 我对入团的那一天还记忆犹新。
Gladly would I accept your proposal. 我很高兴接受你的建议。
6）非谓语动词+be+主语(此知识点了解就可以)
Covering much of the earth’s surface is a blanket of water. 覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。
First to unfold was the map of the world. 首先要打开的是世界地图。