2018春人教版初中英语8年级下册-Unit-10-I've-had-this-bike-for-three-years单元教案.doc

Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
Section A1 (1a-2d)
教学目标：
知识目标：
掌握本课单词和短语
yard sale, sweet, soft toy, bear maker, scarf, board game, check out
能力目标：
能听懂谈论人们拥有某物多长时间的话题，能熟练运用since, for 谈论自己的个人物品。
情感目标：
正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。
Step1 Presentation
New words：
yard sale, toy bear, bread maker, scarf, soft toys, board games
Step 2 Pair work
Work on 1a. Show the things at the yard sale. Let the students talk about them in pairs by using the important sentences.
--How long have you had that bike over there?
--I’ve had it for three years! I learned how to ride a bike on it.
Step 3 Listening
1b Listen and check (√) the facts you hear.
Keys: Jeff’s family is having a yard sale.
Amy thinks it’s hard to sell her old things.
You can also give old things away to people in need.
Step 4 Work on 1c
Practice the conversation. Then make conversations about other things in the picture above.
Language points：
not…anymore再也（不）；（不）再。相当于not …any longer
e.g. You can have it, for I don’t need it anymore.
The doctor told me not to play computer games anymore.
Step 5 Listening 2a, 2b
Work on 2a. Listen and check (√) the things Amy’s family are giving away and circle the things they are keeping.
Keys: giving away: magazine, toy lion, toy tiger, bread maker, dress
Keeping: book, toy bear, hat, scarf
Work on 2b. Listen again and fill in the blanks.
Keys: book, bear, baby, 10, sweater, dress
More practice. Listen again and choose the correct answers.
1. Amy wants to give away the _____.
A. book B. magazine C. bear D. hat
2. Why does the bear has special meaning to Amy?
A. Because her father bought it for her.
B. Because her Grandpa bought for her.
C. Because her Grandma bought for her.
3. Where can Amy take these things
A. the children’s home
B. the old people’s home
C. the teachers’ home
Keys: BCA
Step 6 Pair work
Work on 2c. Student A is Amy’s mom, Student B is Amy. Make new conversations according to 2c.
Step 7 2d Role play the conversation
Let the students read 2d, then role play the conversations in pairs.
Step 8 Language points
1. --How long have you had that bike there?
--I have had it for three years
辨析：how long, how soon, how often, how far
How long 多久，多长（时间）。对时间段提问，如：for+时间段；since+过去的时间点。
e.g. --How long have you worked in Beijing?
--For five years.
How soon 多久以后。对“in+时间段提问，常用于一般将来时”，其答语常用“in+时间段”。
e.g. –How soon will Mr. Li be back?
--In a week.
How often 多久一次，对频率提问，其答语为：once（twice/…）+时间段，always，usually等。
e.g. --How often do you exercise?
-- Once a day.
How far 多远，对距离提问，其答语是表距离的内容。
e.g. --How far is it from here to your school?
-- Three kilometers.
辨析：for 与since
for其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用于多种时态，表示动作或状态持续时间段长短。
e.g. I have lived in this city for five years. 我在这座城市居住了5年了。
He usually sleeps for twelve hours every day. 他通常每天睡12个小时。
since 其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句（过去时），也可以接“一段时间+ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型：“It is +时间段+since+一般过去时的句子”。表示过去某个时间发生并持续到说话时的动作或状态。
e.g. It is two years since I came to China. 自从我到中国以来已经两年了。
She has worked here for five years. =She has worked here since five years ago.
她在这儿工作5年了。
2. Jeff’s family is having a yard sale.
sale用作名词，意为“出售，销售”，on sale意为“出售，上市”；for sale意为“待售，供出售”，尤指从主人手里出售。
e.g. Chickens are on sale in the market.
小鸡在市场上出售。
I’m sorry, it’s not for sale.
抱歉，它不出售。
3. Amy thinks it’s hard to sell her old things.
艾米认为卖掉她的旧东西很难。
It’s +adj. (+for sb.) to do sth. 意为“（对某人来说）做某事时……的”，it 是形式主语，真正主语是后面的动词不定式。
e.g. It’s important for un to learn English well.
学好英语对于我们来说是很重要的。
4. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.
艾米想保留她的旧东西，因为它们勾起她的甜蜜回忆。
memory n. ，意为“记忆；回忆”，复数形式为memories，动词为memorize，意为“记忆，背诵”。
e.g. She has a good memory. 她记忆力好。
5. I’ve had this magazine for a couple of months. 这本杂志我买了几个月了。
a couple of 表示具体的数量“两个”，指两个相同的人或物体; 表示数量不定的“少数几个”，作这种虚指的用法时，具体意思往往视上下文和具体的语境而决定，例如：
You have to wait for a couple of hours for the clothes to dry completely.
你得等上一两个小时让这些衣服完全晾干。
6. The stories inside may be a bit old, but they’re still interesting.
a bit 意为“一点儿，稍微”，修饰形容词或副词，相当于 a little；
a bit of +不可数名词，a little直接加不可数名词。
e.g. There is a bit of/a little water in the bottle.
瓶子里有点儿水。
not a bit =not at all 意为“一点也不”
not a little =very 意为“非常”
e,g. She is not a bit happy. 她一点儿也不快乐。
He is not a little tired.=He is very tired. 他非常累。
7. And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.
check用作及物动词，意为“检查，审查”，短语check out，意为“察看，观察”。
e.g. If you finish it，check it by yourself first.
如果你完成了，就自己先检查一下。
Check out all the books for children.
察看一下所有的儿童书籍。
check 还可用作名词，意为“支票。账单”
Step 8 中考链接
1. -- ____ have you been married？
-- For twenty years.
A. How far B. How often C. How long D. How soon
2. If you sit in a chair ____ a long time, your back may begin to hurt.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
3. -- I often have hamburgers for lunch.
--You’d better not. It’s bad for you ____ too much junk food.
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate
Keys: CDB
Step 9 Homework
Write a conversation according to 2c

Section A 2 (3a-3c)
教学目标：
知识目标：
掌握本课单词和短语
clear clear out bedroom no longer own railway certain honest truthful to be honest part part with while
能力目标：
能从阅读中获得个人物品的相关信息。
情感目标：
正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。
教学过程：
Step 1 New words
1. bedroom n. 卧室
2. railway n. 铁路；铁道
3. junior adj. 地位 (或职位、级别) 低下的
junior high school 初级中学
e.g. We could give the job to somebody junior.
我们可以把这份工作交给职位较低的人。
4. own v. 拥有；有
e.g. Most households now own at least one car. 大多数家庭现在至少有一辆汽车。
5. truthful adj. 诚实的；老实的
e.g. He was not always truthful.
他并非总是说真话。
Step 2 Fast reading
3a Read the article written by a father for a newspaper. What is his family going to sell at the yard sale?
Keys Son : a train and railway set; the toy monkey
Daughter: certain toys
Father: football shirts
Step 3 Careful reading
Read the passage and choose true (T) or false (F)
1. My daughter is 15 and my boy has already started junior high school.
2. Our house really get smaller.
3. My son was quite sad at first.
4. My daughter felt happy to part with certain toys.
5. I want to give up my football shirts.
Keys: FFTFT
3b Read the article again and answer the questions.
1. Why did they decide to have a yard sale?
Because the father’s children get bigger and their house seems to get smaller.
2. What do they want to do with the money from the sale?
They want to give the money to a children’s home.
3. Why does the son want to keep his train and railway set?
Because he has owned it since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven.
4. How can the old toys be useful again?
They can be sold to the people who need them.
5. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things?
What would you do with the money you raise?
Yes, I have. I would give it to the charity
Step 4 Language points
1. We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms.
clear v. 清理；清除
clear out 清理；丢掉
e.g. I’ll clear out that closet for you. 我要替你把那个小衣橱清理出来。
2. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.
no longer 意为“不再；不复”，有时可用 not …any longer 或 not … anymore 替换。如：
He no longer lives here. (= He doesn’t live here anymore/any longer.)
他不再住这儿了。
3. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys.
1) certain adj. 意为“某种；某事；某人”。
e.g. He decided to sell his certain books.
他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。
[拓展] certain形容词，意为“确实的，无疑的”。
常用结构：be certain to do sth. 肯定要做某事
be certain of/about sth. 对某事确定、有把握
be certain of doing sth. 有把握做某事
be certain +从句 一定……
e.g. He felt quite certain of success.
他对成功很有把握。
2) part with 放弃、交出，
part v. 离开， 分开
e.g. Don’t part with your dream.
不要放弃你的梦想。
4. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now.
1) as for 至于，关于
e.g. And as for us, we are fortunate.
可对我们来说，我们是幸运的。
2) to be honest意为“说实在的，说实话”，经常单独使用，作插入语，用逗号与句子隔开。类似的表达还有to tell the truth “老实说，说实话”。
e.g. To be honest, she is not an honest girl. 说实话，她不是一个诚实的女孩。
honest 为形容词， 意为“诚实的；老实的”。反义词为dishonest “不诚实的”。
e.g. An honest man does not tell lies.
诚实的人不会说谎。
3) while n. 一段时间，一会儿
while 还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，while引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
e.g. They chattered away happily for a while. 他们高兴地闲扯了一会儿。
He kept in touch with us while he was on vacation.
他在度假期间仍与我们保持联系。
Step 5 phrase practice
Find the words or phrases in the article which can be replaced with the ones below and write them next to the words.
lose– part with kids--_______ truthful--_______ many -- _____
some time--______ even though--_____ quickly--______ older--_____
keys: children to be honest a lot of a while although fast bigger
Step 6 当堂达标
1. My best friend Tom is ____ an honest boy. You can believe him.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. – Is Mr. Smith still in Shanghai?
-- Yes, he ____ there for two months.
A. has been B. has gone C. has been to D. has gone to
Step 7 homework
Recite the article. You can use the sentences according to the keys of 3b.
Section A 3 (Grammar focus – 4c)
教学目标：
知识目标
掌握现在完成时的用法
能力目标
正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时
正确运用for 和since的用法
情感目标
正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。
教学过程
Step 1 Group work
出示下面的典型例句，让学生们先自己观察句子结构，对比现在完成时和一般过去时的不同。
1. — How long have you had that bike over there? 那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？
— I’ve had it for three years. 我买了三年了。
2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? 他的儿子拥有这套轨道火车多长时间了？
He’s owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他四岁生日起，他就拥有了它。
3. Have you ever played football? 你曾经踢过足球吗？
Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.
是的，当我很小时就踢过，但是现在我有好长一段时间没有踢了。
Step 2 精讲点拨
现在完成时
表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“for + 时间段”、“since + 过去时间点”、“since + 过去时的从句”、“since + 一段时间 + ago”。且for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。
e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years.
= My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago.
I’ve lived here since 1990．
自从1990年以来我就住在这里。  
I haven’t seen him for three years.
我三年没有看见他了。 
She’s been at this school since five years ago.  
自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。

歌诀：含有for，since的现在完成时的用法歌诀:
过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，for、since把时间带
句中动词的特点
此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）
1. 这本书我买了5年了。
I have bought the book for five years. ( )
I’ve had the book for five years. ( )
2. 你哥哥参军多长时间了？
How long has your brother joined the army? ( )
How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? ( )
非延续性动词和延续性动词之间的转换
1. 转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。
borrow — keep buy — have put on — wear
catch a cold — have a cold get to know — know
get to sleep — sleep
2. 转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词”
begin / start — be on go out — be out close — be closed
open — be open get to/arrive/reach — be (in)
die — be dead leave — be away finish — be over
fall sleep — be asleep join — be in/be a member of
become — be make friends — be friends
come/go — be + 相应的介词短语
Step 3 4a Rewrite the sentences using for or since
1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three years ago.
Jim has been in Japan for three years.
2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.
They have been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago.
3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.
I have had a camera since 2009.
4. I know Ann. I first met her three years ago.
I have known Ann for three years/since three years ago.
5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.
Linda has been ill since Monday.
Step 4 4b Fill in the blanks with correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. I __________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _____ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.
2. They _____________ (never own) any pets, but they ___________ (always want) to have a dog.
3. We ________ (have) a piano since last November. We ______ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.
4. Cathy and Amy __________ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _______ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.
5. This museum __________ (be) here for over 20 years. It ______ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.
Step 5 Group work
4c Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.
1. Do you have a(n) _______? How long have you had it?
2. Do you own a(n)_______? How long have you owned it?

Things
How long
Tony
favorite book basketball
for two years
since he was 10years old
Student 1

Student 2

Section B 1 1a～2d
教学目标：
知识目标：
掌握本课单词和短语
search among crayon shame regard.. as count century according to opposite especially memory consider hold
能力目标：
能从阅读中获得自己周围的事物变化的相关信息。
情感目标：
珍惜自己周围事物的变化，感恩社会，汇报社会，关爱他人。
教学过程：
Step 1 Warming up
Talk about your hometown.
Where is your hometown?
Do you like your hometown?
What are some of the special places in your hometown?
Step 2 Group work
1a Check (√) the places or things you can find in your town or city.
____ a museum ____a primary school
____ a bridge ____ a zoo
____ a park ____a hill
____ a library ____ a river
Step 3 Listening
1b Listen and answer the questions
1. Does Martin like Jenny’s hometown?
Yes, he does.
2. Does Jenny still live in her hometown?
No, she doesn’t.
3. What is behind the science museum?
What do people do there on weekends?
A big park. People go there to let their
kids run around and climb the hills
1c Listen again and fill in the chart about the places in Jenny’s hometown.
Place
New or old
How long has it been there?
Town library
 Old

 for hundreds
of years
Science museum
New 
 since last
August
Restaurant down the street
 old
 for as long as
Jenny can
remember
Step 4 group work
1d Talk about your town/city with a partner according to the conversation.
A: My city is lovely.
B: What are some of the special places there?
A: Well, there’s a concert hall there. It’s been around for at least 20 years.
Step 5 Warming up
How often do you visit your hometown?
What are the changes in your hometown?
Step 6 2a careful reading
Answer the questions before you read. Then read the passage to find out your answers are the same as in the passage.
1. Why do millions of Chinese leave the countryside every year?
To search for work in cities
2. How often do you think these people visit their hometowns?
I think they visit their home towns once or twice a year
3. What new buildings does the government usually build in towns and villages?
Large hospitals and new schools
2b Find expressions in the passage that have the same meanings as these