Module-2-Traffic-Jam-教学设计.doc

完整版)Module 2 Traffic Jam 教学设计
Module 2 Traffic Jam
教学设计
CULTURAL CORNER—The London Congestion Charge
■Goals
To read about congestion charge
■Procedures
Step 1: Before you read
Please go over the word list for this module， paying attention to the pronunciation of the word， the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling.
Step 2: While you read
Cut/ the sentences into thought groups， blacken the predicates， underline the useful expressions and darken the connectives.
Step 3： After you read
Copy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book. You may make sentences with these expressions。
Useful expressions from The London Congestion Charge
the London Congestion Charge， the only city with traffic problems, get stuck in a traffic jam， anywhere in the world， grow fast， such as， cities in developed countries, be built with the motor car in mind, is famous for…,the USA’s most congested city centre traffic jams， part of daily life， for a long time， in queues, do something about it， introduce a “congestion charge"， a tax for cars entering the centre of the city， come into the center, pay ￡5 a day， pay the charge, at any of 10,000 pay points, in the capital before 10 pm, video cameras， record the registration numbers， be checked with a list of drivers， pay the charge for that day， face a fine of ￡80， be happy with the idea, have a traffic problem， limit one’s freedom, carry out a survey， at the end of 2003, traffic coming into central London， be reduced by about 30 percent, use public transport to get to work， be very popular, lose business， work in the city center, keep even more cars out of central London， increase the charge
Step 4: Talking about the London congestion charge
You are going to put the article into a dialogue in pairs. The following can be an example for you。
A: Beijing isn’t the only city with traffic problems.
B: One can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world。
C： Where do the worst problems occur？
A: They occur in cities which are growing fast， such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria.
B： But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer。
A： Take Los Angeles for an example. It was built with the motor car in mind, and is famous for its six—lane highways， is now the USA’s most congested city.
D: It is true in Europe.
A： Most capital cities there were planned and built before cars, and city center traffic jams have been part of daily life for a long time。 B： What about the situation in central London？
D: The London drivers spend fifty percent of their time in queues these days.
A: The traffic problem in London has become bad that the local government has decided to do something about it.
B: What does it do?
A: In February 2003 the Mayor of London， Ken Livingstone, introduced a “congestion charge”。
B： Is that a tax for cars entering the center of the city?
A： Yes， it is.
B： What is the idea？
E： The idea is simple： every car coming into the center has to pay ￡5 a day.
B： Is it convenient？
A： Yes, it is。 Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10，000 pay points in the capital before 10 pm。
B: How does it work?
A: As the cars come into the center， video cameras record their registration numbers， and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day。 People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of ￡80。
B: Are the people happy with the measure?
A: Most Londoners are not happy with the idea.
C： Why aren’t they happy with it?
A: Although the people agree that London has a traffic problem， but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom。
B: But does the congestion charge work？
A: Yes， it works。 A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does。
B: Any improvement made so far?
A： After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent.
D： That's why more people are using the public transport to get to work.
A: And bicycles are suddenly very popular in London.
D： What's more， central London shops do not lose business even though there are fewer cars。
A： But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher。
B： That’s strange。 Who are those people？
For example， rich businessmen who work in the city center and can easily afford it.
B: Why？
A: This would keep even more cars out of central London and the roads would be nearly empty。
B: Are there any plans for that?
A： No, there aren’t yet。 At the moment there are no plans to increase the charge.

Periods 1＆2
Introduction and Reading-Getting Around in Beijing
■Goals
● To learn to read passages with Imperatives about traffic jams
● To learn to read with strategies
■Procedures
Step 1: Warming up by defining traffic jam
What is traffic jam or traffic congestion？
Traffic jam is a number of vehicles blocking one another until they can scarcely move。
Traffic congestion occurs when the volume of traffic on a roadway is high enough to become detrimental to its performance. In congested conditions, vehicle speeds are reduced, increasing drive times。 These conditions are also more frustrating for drivers (see road rage）, and automobile accidents may be more frequent。 Furthermore, vehicles burn unnecessary fuel when stuck at idle。 A period of extreme traffic congestion is known as a traffic jam。
Warming up by looking and saying
Look at the pictures on the screen。 They are pictures of traffic jam. Could you say something about traffic jam?
Step 1： Before you read
Please go over the word list for this module， paying attention to the pronunciation of the word， the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling。
Step 2: While you read
1. Type of writing and summaries of Getting Around in Beijing
Getting Around in Beijing
Taxis
Buses and trolleybuses
Minibuses

Underground

Pedicabs

Taxis are on the streets 24 hours a day.
Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing。
Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas。
There are four underground lines in Beijing， and several lines are under construction.
Tourists like these human—pedalled “tricycle taxis”, but they can be expensive。
2. A diagram of Getting Around in Beijing
Getting Around in Beijing
Taxis
Buses and trolleybuses
Minibuses

Underground

Pedicabs

3. Complete the article with one word in each blank
Taxis are on the streets in Beijing 24 hours a day. You simply _1_ your hand， and a taxi will appear in front of you in no time。 20，000 buses and _2_ in Beijing provide a cheap way to get around。 But you will be displeased as they can _3_ very crowded sometimes。 Avoiding public transport during the rush _4__ may be a good idea。 Then you might decide to take a minibus with seats for 12 _5_. It offers an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some _6_。 In Beijing you find four underground lines and several lines more under construction. Underground _7_ are fast and convenient， but rush hours can be frightening。 Tourists to Beijing _8__ human—pedalled “tricycle taxis”, but they may not be as cheap as other _9_ of transport. Tricycles are worth taking if you want to see the narrow _10_ （hutong) of old Beijing。
Keys: 1raise 2 trolleybuses 3 get 4 hour 5 passengers
6 areas 7 trains 8 like 9 means 10 alleys
4。 Answer the reading comprehension questions according to the text
1。 Taxis are usually red in color, and they display the _____ on the _____.
A。 price pre kilometer, window B. routes， door C. signs， back D。 words of warning， front
2。 Fares for _____ are cheap, starting at 1 yuan. Air—conditioned buses cost more.
A。 taxis B. underground trains C. minibuses D。 buses and trolleybuses
3. _____ run regular services and follow the same routes as ______。
A. Taxis, underground trains B。 Minibuses， large public buses
C. Pedicabs， Buses and trolleybuses D. Underground trains, pedicabs
4. The underground is open from _____ am to _____ pm.
A. 4：00， 12:00 B。 5:00， 11:00 C。 6：00 am to 10:00 D. 7:00 am to 21:00
Keys: 1—4 ADBB
Step 4: After you read
1. Copy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book。
Useful expressions from Getting Around in Beijing
raise one's hand, in no time， display the price pre kilometer on the window， business permit, make sure…， ask for a receipt， public transport， provide a cheap way, get around in Beijing, get very crowded, a good idea， during/in/at the rush hour, cost more， buses numbered 1 to 100， be limited to travel within the city center have destinations in the suburbs, get on a double—decker bus， sit upstairs, have a good view of， offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport， run regular services， follow the same routes as large public buses， four underground lines， under construction， a one-way trip, station names， be marked in pinyin, human—pedaled “tricycle taxis”, be worth using
2。 Making sentences with expressions from the text
You are going to make your own sentences with the expressions form this module。
Sentences made with useful collocations from Getting Around in Beijing （with Imperatives if possible）
1. Raise your hand if your have any questions to ask of me.
2. Call the police， and they will appear in no time.
3. The owner of the bus does not display the price pre kilometer on the window.
4. You have to check if the bus has a business permit before you take it。
5. Make sure that you ask for a receipt when you buy something in the city.
6. Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in the city。
7. Buses can get very crowded at the rush hours。
8. I have a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour.
9. It costs more to take buses numbered 1 to 100。
10. We were limited to travel within the city center.
11. From our hotel room window, we had a grandstand view of the parade.
12. Public transport is provided by private buses and minibuses with seats for 12 passengers in our city.
13. Bikes offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport。
14. In some areas taxis run regular services in the daytime。
15. Follow the same routes as large public buses, and you will get to the train station easily。
16. In rush hours you may take one of the four underground lines in Shanghai。
17. This website is currently under construction。
18. It costs less to take a one—way trip along the streets in Beijing by taxis。
19. I like to take the human—pedaled “tricycle taxis” getting around a new place.
20. It is worth exploring the narrow alleys of the ancient city。
Period 3 FUNCTION—Giving advice
■Goals
● To learn to give advice
■Procedures
Step 1: Getting ready with the structure
Asking for Advice
What do you think I should do?
What do you suggest?
What would you do (in this situation)？
What advice would you give me if I …。?
Giving Advice
I think you should get a lawyer.
Maybe you should try someplace else.
Why don't you call the company?
If I were you， I would tell her。
1. I think you should buy the blue one。
2。 I don't think you should sell your car.
3. Let’s go bowling tonight。
4。 Why don’t we go skiing on Saturday？
5. Why don’t you come with me to China？
That’s a good idea.
Thanks for the advice, but I really need the money。
Sorry, I can’t. I’m meeting a friend for dinner。
Sounds like a good idea. Where do you want to go?
Thanks， but I’ve already been there.
You should…
You'd better…
Make sure…
If I were you， I …
It’s a good idea…
You’ll …
Why not…?
If you…, you must…
I think…
In my opinion， you…
Step 2： Giving advice in pairs
Advice on travel on the road
You should choose your traveling companion carefully。
Make sure you consider how you want to travel.
It’s a good idea to travel responsibly.
Why not travel in as local a way as you can?
I think you’ll spend less， learn more， and do less ecological damage if you travel with me.
Advice on learning English
I think 10 English words or phrases per day aren’t too many， are they？ Just give it a try。 You will find that you can learn them in next to no time.
Why not take a little time each day （Monday to Friday） to learn 10 new words？
You may use the weekend to revise what you have learned during the past week（s）。 This way you’ll enrich your English vocabulary by 50 new words per week. （That’s 200 new English words after a month!）
You’d better not look up every word which is new to you - even without a dictionary you will understand a lot. Just concentrate on what you do understand and try to find out the rest by intelligent guessing.
Make sure you also watch the news in your native language and try to find English news to some of the topics. Even if you don’t understand every word in the English text， you will get the message as you already know what the text is about。
I think it’s a good idea when reading English texts look out for the grammar aspect you want to remember. Mark it and reflect on why it is used there。
Why don’t you look up the topic in an English grammar reference， your English textbook？
It's best that you meet friends and study English together. You can repeat your English vocabulary, do your homework together and help each other with English grammar. And why not try one of our games on ego4u。 Studying with friends simply is much more fun。
It's also a good opportunity to exchange ideas on studying in general。 Maybe your friends have found out about a good way of studying more effectively. Or， who knows， maybe you can advise your friends on this？
※A: I like my job, but I don't make enough money.
B: You should ask your boss for a raise.
A: I don't want to do that。 He may fire me。
※A: I'd love to buy a Sony tape recorder， but I can’t afford it.
B： Why don’t you buy it on an installment plan？
※A： I’ve got a backache.
B: If I were you， I’d see a doctor.
※A： Just don’t give them a chance to say no。
B: Oh, sure, I know that。
※A： Be sure to go to the Alitalia office first thing tomorrow.
B： good deal.
※A: Why can't you and I talk about this later？
B： Cool。
※A： I feel terrible. I’ve got a bad hangover。
B: I advise you to quit drinking.
※A： You’ve got to learn to put first things first。
B: I’ll keep that in my mind。

Period 4 Grammar—Imperatives
■Goals
● To learn to use English Imperatives
■Procedures
Step 1: Learning about Imperatives
We use imperatives for different reasons， such as telling people what to do， giving instructions and advice, making recommendations and suggestions， and for making offers。
Come in and sit down, please。
Don’t open the door – it’s cold。
Put the books on the desk and open the window。
Don’t ask me – I don’t know。
See the lawyer – it’s the best thing.
Have a bit more water。
▲Emphatic imperative： do + imperative
Do come next Monday。
Do be a