高英Uint4Loveisafallacy课后练习答案.doc

Ⅱ. B. Questions on Structure and Style:
1. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic subject, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. Logic may be an interesting subject. The writer is exaggerating for the sake of humor. The writer employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid, dramatic and colorful. The lexical spectrum is colorful from the ultra learned terms used by the conceited narrator to the infra clipped vulgar forms of Polly Espy. He uses figurative language profusely and also grammatic inversion for special emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story. This mix adds to the realism of the story.
2. The topic sentence of paragraph 47 is : He was a torn man. The writer develops the idea expressed in the topic sentence by describing vividly how hard it is for Petey Burch to choose between his girlfriend and raccoon coat. Being very observant and superbly to illustrative examples to develop the theme, the writer successfully to brings forth the scene in which Petey Burch’s desire for the raccoon coat waxes and his resolution not to give his girlfriend wanes. The reader can easily come to the conclusion that it is hard and painful decision for him to make.
3. The narrator refers to Pygmalion and Frankenstein because just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he fashioned, the narrator loved Polly Espy, who he had fashioned according to his plan. However, when he begged Polly’s love, he was rejected. He got same result as Frankenstein, who created a monster that destroyed him. In this sense, these allusion are chosen aptly. The whole thing backfired on the narrator when Polly employed all the “logical fallacies” she had been taught to reject his offer. The end of story finds that the narrator has got what he deserves. He has been too clever for his own.
4. An example of simile
My brain was as powerful as dynamo,as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel.(comparing his brain to three different things)(para. 1)
An example of metaphor
There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond lamb’s frontier.(comparing the limitation set by lamb to a frontier)(author’s note)
An example of hyperbole
It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect.(hyperbole for effect)(para. 2)
An example of metonymy
Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.(Otherwise you have committed a logical fallacy called a “Dicto Simpliciter”.)(para. 70)
An example of antithesis
It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make a ugly smart girl beautiful.(“beautiful, dumb and smart” are balanced against “ugly, smart and beautiful”)(para.24)
5. Colloquialisms and used in the text: dumb, pin-up, kid, go steady, date, casual kick, well-heeled, laughs, terrific, magnificent, mad, call it a night, yummy, fire away. Darn.
Slang used in the text: nothing upstairs, keen, dal, knock (oneself) out, dreamy, how cute,rat, knot head, jitterbug.
6. A freshman at a law school is made the narrator of the whole stroy. It’s from his point of view that the stroy is told. Since the whole stroy is presented as his personal experiences, we the readers tend to rely on what narrator tells us.
Ⅲ. Paraphrase
1. He is a nice enough young fellow, you know, but he is empty-headed.
2. A passing fashion or craze, in my opinion, shoes a complete lack of reason.
3. I ought to have known that raccoon coat would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s, came back
4. All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come you don’t know?
5. My brain, which is a precision instrument, began to work at a high speed.
6. Except for one thing (intelligence) polly had all other requirements.
7. She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but i felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time.
8. In fact, she was in the opposite direction, that is, she is not intelligent but rather stupid.
9. If you are no longer involved with her (if you stop dating her) others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend.
10. His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give away polly become weaker.
11. To teach her to think appeared to be rather big task.
12. One must admit the outcome does not look very hopeful, but i decided to try one more time.
13. There is a limit to what any human being can bear.
14. I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but i turned out to be Frankenstein because polly(the result/product of my hard work) ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan.
15. Desperately i tried to stop the feeling of panic that was overwhelming me.
Ⅳ. Practice with words and expressions
A.
1. dynamo: a machine that changes some other form of power directly into electricity
2. flight : fleeing or running away from
3. Charleston: a lively dance in 4/4 time, characterized by a twisting step and popular during the 1920's
4. shed: cast off or lose hair
5. in the swim: conforming to the current fashions or active in the main current of affairs
6. practice: the exercise of a profession of occupation
7. pin—up: (American colloquialism)designating a girl whose sexual attractiveness makes her a subject for the kind of pictures often pinned up on walls
8. makings: the material or qualities needed for the making or development of something
9. carriage: manner of carrying the head and body; physical posture bearing: way of carrying oneself; manner
10. go steady: (American colloquialism)date someone of the opposite sex regularly and exclusively; be sweethearts
11. out of the picture: not considered as involved in a situation
12. deposit: (facetious)put，lay or set down
13. brief: a concise statement of the main points of a law case, usually filed by counsel for the information of the court
14. 1et—up: stopping; relaxing
B.
1． fashion和fad均为名词。fashion主要指某人，尤其指文学、艺术界或社会上流人物在某一特定场合或时间内穿衣、讲话等方面的姿态或习惯。fad指由某种感情引起的一时的爱好或者一时流行的风尚。
2． incredulous和incredible均为形容词。incredulous是“不轻易相信的”、“表示怀疑的”的意思，指对某人的能力或意志力持怀疑和不相信态度。incredible是“不可相信的”意思，指某件事不平凡或不大可能存在，因而表示怀疑或不可相信。
3． passion和eagerness均为名词。passion指一种强烈的愿望或感情，这种愿望或感情往往会产生一种不可抗拒的或者 必然的结果。eagerness意即“渴望”或“热情”，但往往含有不耐烦的意味。
4． feeling和emotion均是名词。feeling在没有上下文限制的时候，往往指人们在主观上反映的一种高兴或不高兴的感觉或感情。emotion指由于精神上或身体上受到外界某种刺激而引起的一种强烈的情感或情绪。
5． reveal和show均为动词。reveal指公开或揭露某种秘密或隐蔽的东西，好像是揭开一种掩饰物似的。show指某种事物或者东西“展现”在眼前，以便能看得到和看得清。
6． tempt和incline均为动词。tempt意为“引诱”、“诱惑”，指一种强有力的诱惑，这种诱惑能克服对某一事物的顾忌或推断。incline意为“倾向于”、“有…的倾向”，指对某事物或行动或多或少表现出一种暖昧的心理倾向。
7． exasperation和disappointment均为名词。exasperation指使某人忍无可忍或者使某人失去自控力的强烈愤怒或生气。disappointment意为“失望”、“失意”，指某人对某件事情感到没希望或失去信心。
8． exasperation和disappointment均为名词。exasperation指使某人忍无可忍或者使某人失去自控力的强烈愤怒或生气。disappointment意为“失望”、“失意”，指某人对某件事情感到没希望或失去信心。
9． amusement和merriment均为名词。amusement意为“娱乐”、“消遣”，指一种令人愉快的精神消遣，尤其是某种幽默的事物或谈笑使人感到很有乐趣。merriment意为“愉快”、“欢乐”，指充满趣味和笑声的某种事物。
10． 1anguish和suffer均为动词。languish指由于渴望而苦恼或遭受痛苦。suffer指由于伤害、悲痛或损失等原因而被迫遭受、蒙受痛苦或不愉快的事情。
C.
1． 这几个词都是形容词，指人的智力或感觉等方面具有较高的灵敏性或灵活性。keen指在智力或感觉、视觉、听觉等五官方面是敏锐的或敏捷的，尤指具有解决复杂或疑难问题的特殊能力。 acute意为“敏锐的”，指具有观察到别人没有注意到的某种意义、感情、意见、颜色、音调等的细微差别的能力，也指具有某种非常敏锐的神经注意力，这种注意力持续的时间不长。 astute意为“敏锐的”、“精明的”、“聪明的”，指对某领域或某学科有很深的造诣或者有一定的体验的能力或洞察力。perspicacious在这些单词中最为正式的用词，强调具有高度的洞察力。 calculating意为“精明的”，“精于算计的”，尤指会打小算盘。
2． intelligent指具有善于从经验中学习或领会或对新事物迅速作出反应的能力。 clever意为“聪明的”，“伶俐的”，指善于理解、善于学习，但有时含有“不够深入”的意思。bright和smart比较口语化，一般可代替前面几个词中的任何一个。 brilliant意为“英明的”，指具有非凡的智力或理解力。
D.
1. The fallacy of unqualified generalization or "a Dicto Simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid".
2. The fallacy of Hasty Generalization.
3. The fallacy of "post hoe, ergo propter hoc".
4. The fallacy of Hypothesis Contrary to Fact.
5. The fallacy of "post hoc, ergo propter hoe".
6. The fallacy of Ad Misericordiam.
7. The fallacy of unqualified generalization or "a Dicto Simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid".
8. The fallacy of Hasty Generalization.