高考英语新题型“概要写作”.ppt

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明概要写作：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）词数词数少于少于4040的和的和多余多余8080的，的，从从总分中减去总分中减去2 2分分评分原则1 1、本题总分为、本题总分为2525分，按分，按5 5个档次给分。个档次给分。2 2、评评分分时时，先先根根据据所所写写概概要要的的内内容容和和语语言言初初步步确确定定其其所所属属档档次次，然然后后以以该该档档次次的的要要求求来来衡衡量量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。确定或调整档次，最后给分。3 3、词数少于、词数少于4040的和多于的和多于8080的，从总分中减去的，从总分中减去2 2分。分。评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1)(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2)(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)(3)上下文的连贯性；上下文的连贯性；(4)(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况；对各要点表达的独立性情况；Narration（记叙文）（记叙文）Exposition Exposition（说明文）（说明文）（说明文）（说明文）Forms of LiteratureArgumentation(议论文）议论文）typeskey information记叙文记叙文narration人物人物+时间时间+地点地点+事件（起因事件（起因+发展发展+结果）结果）说明文说明文exposition描写某事物的性质功用。即描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象对象+性质功用性质功用+利好利好”；针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即即“问题问题+解决方法解决方法”；介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象现象+原因原因+结果结果”议论文议论文argumentation论点论点+论据论据(+结论结论)1.确定文体确定文体 the types of the passageArgumentation(议论文）议论文）TopicSupporting ideasConclusion概要写作（满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。(Para 1)Getting rid of dirt,in the opinion of most people,is a good thing.However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.(Para2)Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.(Para3)Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWar.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?(Para4)Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirtStep 1:Readtopic sentence:structure supporting ideasFind out the topic sentence of each paragraphthink,believe,consider,regard,argue,support,be convinced that,in ones opinion,from ones point of viewYou may need to pay attention to some words like:Para2:Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.ExamplesofsomeEuropeancountries(Para3)Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWar.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?(Para4)Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.Step 2:Make an outline Topic:Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirtsuppor-tingIdeas(Para2)(Para3)nowadays(Para4)Inthe16thcenturysince18thcenturyPeoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdiseasehasnolongerbeenregardedascleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealthencourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem Step 3:Rewrite the sentences in other ways There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.different,mixed,various反义转换opinions,views,ideas同义词替换同义词替换 Peoples attitudes to dirt vary in different times.towards句型转换句型转换 People hold different opinions towards dirt over time.The attitudes to dirt is not always the same.In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.Have a try!In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.think:believe,hold,consider,insist,argue,are convinced.同义词替换同义词替换block out disease:prevent/protect/keep away from illness;One possible version:In the 16th century,people believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.wash off,get rid ofbenefits,is beneficial to,does good to,contributes toOne possible version:People began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago.People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.Nowadays,encourages people to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.One possible version:Nowadays,some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.People are encouraged to语态转换语态转换be exposed to.believe,support,agree,approve.People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.In the 16th century,people of some European countries,such as France,believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.People began to change their attitudes to dirt more than 200 years ago.They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.Nowadays,some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.However,Nevertheless/But/however people Add two linking words to make the passage coherentStep 4:Make the summary coherent nowadays,Step 5:Revise(67 words)People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.In the 16th century,people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.However,people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago.They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.But nowadays,some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.4“C”:complete,correct,concise,coherent How to write a summary(argumentation)1.Read 2.Make an outline 3.Rewrite4.Make it coherent5.Revise6.neatly copy-Topic,structure,key supporting sentencesHomework Finish the summary writing of the following Passage阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。词左右的内容概要。Getting up early has been regarded as a good habitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgetupearly,wewouldbeenergetic(充充满满活活力力的的)the whole day.So,getting upearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.In fact,morning is the best time of a day.In themorning,theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthe best conditions(条条件件).Many of us may have theexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthananyothertimeoftheday.Ifwedosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalk in the morning,we can build our bodies andbecomemuchhealthier.Alsowewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplanandgetreadyforourworkorstudyofthedayifwegetupearly.However,ifwegetuplate,we will probably have to do everything in a greathurry.Letusremembergettingupearlyisagoodhabitandtryourbesttokeepit.Ifwesticktogettingupearlyeveryday,wewillcertainlybenefit(受益受益)alotfromit.Getting up early in the morning is a good habit and very important,because in the morning we can have a better memory,healthier bodies and better preparation for the day.In addition,morning exercise can help us keep healthy.So,it is beneficial to us.参考范文参考范文It is important to get up early for people.In the morning,people can exercise their bodies through walking to keep healthy.Also,peoples memory will improve.Besides,people can make a good preparation/plan for themselves,so they will have enough time to do everything.In a word,getting up early is beneficial to us.参考范文参考范文 Getting up early is a good habit.And we attach great importance to getting up early because morning is the most valuable time of a day,so we can have physical training to keep healthy.Besides,getting up early can let us have enough time to program and prepare to finish doing our work or study of the day.In a word,we will benefit a lot from getting up early.参考范文参考范文Peopleattachgreatimportancetogettingupearly.(要要点点1)1)It enables them to have a better memory,healthierbodiesandbetterpreparationfortheday.(要要点点2 2)If not,people will be busy doing everything.Soinsistongettingupearlywhichisofgreatbenefittoallpeople.(要点要点3 3)参考范文参考范文