工业工程毕业设计论文英文翻译供应链管理模板.doc

毕业论文外文翻译

题 目
Supply Chain Management
专 业
工业工程
班 级
班
姓 名

学 号

指导老师

20年 6 月8日
Supply Chain Management

The so-called supply chain, in fact, from suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, istribution centers and channels, and so constitute a logistics network. The same enterprise may constitute the different components of this network node, but the situation is different from a corporate network in different nodes. For example, in a supply chain, companies may not only in the same manufacturers, storage nodes, and in distribution centers, such as possession node location. In the more detailed division of labor, the higher the rofessional requirements of the supply chain, different nodes are basically composed by different enterprises. In the supply chain flows between the member units of raw materials, finished products, such as inventory and production constitutes the supply chain of goods flow.
That is, to meet a certain level of customer service under the conditions, in order to make the whole supply chain to minimize costs and the suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, distribution centers and channels, and so effectively organized together to carry out Product manufacturing, transport, distribution and sales management.
From the above definition, we can be interpreted to include supply chain anagement of rich content.
First of all, supply chain management products to meet customer demand in the process of the cost implications of various members of the unit are taken into account, including from raw material suppliers, manufacturers to the warehouse distribution center to another channel. However, in practice in the supply chain analysis, it is necessary to consider the supplier's suppliers and customers of the customers, because their supply chain performance is also influential.
Second, supply chain management is aimed at the pursuit of the whole supply chain's overall efficiency and cost effectiveness of the system as a whole, always trying to make the total system cost to a minimum. Therefore, the focus of supply chain management is not simply a supply chain so that members of the transportation costs to minimize or reduce inventory, but through the use of systems approach to coordinate the supply chain members so that the entire supply chain total cost of the minimum so that the whole supply chain System in the most fluent in the operation.
Third, supply chain management is on the suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, distribution centers and organically integrate the channel into one to start this problem, so many businesses, including its level of activities, including the strategic level, tactical and operational level Level, and so on.
Although the actual logistics management, only through the organic supply chain integration, enterprises can significantly reduce costs and improve service levels, but in practice the supply chain integration is very difficult, it is because:
First of all, in the supply chain There are different members of different and conflicting objectives. For example, providers generally want manufacturers to purchase large quantities of stable, and flexible delivery time can change; desire to the contrary with suppliers, although most manufacturers are willing to implement long-term production operations, but they must take into account the needs of its customers and to make changes Positive response, which requires manufacturers choice and flexibility in procurement strategy. Therefore suppliers and manufacturers to the goal of flexibility in the pursuit of the objectives inevitably exist between the contradictions.
Secondly, the supply chain is a dynamic system, with time and constantly changing. In fact, customers not only demand and supply capacity to change over time, supply chain and the relationship between the members will change over time. For example, the increased purchasing power with customers, suppliers and manufacturers are facing greater pressure to produce more and more personalized varieties of high-quality products, then ultimately the production of customized products.
Research shows that effective supply chain management can always make the supply chain of enterprises will be able to maintain stability and a lasting competitive advantage, thus increasing the overall supply chain competitiveness. Statistics show that, supply chain management will enable the effective implementation of enterprise total cost of about 20 per cent decline in the supply chain node on the enterprise-time delivery rate increased by 15 percent or more, orders to shorten the production cycle time 20 percent to 30 percent, supply chain Node on the enterprise value-added productivity increased by 15 percent or more. More and more enterprises have already recognized that the implementation of supply chain management of the great benefits, such as HP, IBM, DELL, such as supply chain management in the practice of the remarkable achievements made is proof.
Supply chain management: it from a strategic level and grasp the overall perspective of the end-user demand, through effective cooperation between enterprises, access from the cost, time, efficiency, flexibility, and so the best results. From raw materials to end-users of all activities, the whole chain of process management.
SCM (supply chain management) is to enable enterprises to better procurement of manufactured products and services required for raw materials, production of goods and services and their delivery to clients, the combination of art and science. Supply chain management, including the five basic elements.
Plan: This is a strategic part of SCM. You need a strategy to manage all the resources to meet our customers for your products. Good plan is to build a series of methods to monitor the supply chain to enable it to effective, low-cost delivery of high quality for customers and high-value products or services.
Procurement: you can choose the products and services to provide goods and services providers, and suppliers to establish a pricing, delivery and payment processes and create methods to monitor and improve the management, and the suppliers to provide goods and services Combined with management processes, including the delivery and verification of documentation, transfer of goods to your approval of the manufacturing sector and payments to suppliers and so on.
Manufacturing: arrangements for the production, testing, packaged and ready for delivery, supply chain measurement is the largest part of the contents, including the level of quality, product yield and productivity of workers, such as the measurement.
Delivery: a lot of "insider" as "logistics", is to adjust the user's orders receipts, the establishment of the storage network, sending and delivery service delivery personnel to the hands of customers, the establishment of commodity pricing system, receiving payments.
Return: This is the supply chain problems in the handling part. Networking customers receive the refund of surplus and defective products, and customer applications to provide support for the problem.
Source
70 in the late 20th century, Keith Oliver adoption and Skf, Heineken, Hoechst, Cadbury-Schweppes, Philips, and other contact with customers in the process of gradually formed its own point of view. And in 1982, "Financial Times" magazine in an article on the supply chain management (SCM) of the significance, Keith Oliver was that the word will soon disappear, but "SCM" not only not disappeared, and quickly entered the public domain , The concept of the managers of procurement, logistics, operations, sales and marketing activities sense a great deal
Evolution
Supply chain has never been a universally accepted definition, supply chain management in the development process, many experts and scholars have put forth a lot of definition, reflecting the different historical backgrounds, in different stages of development of the product can be broadly defined by these For the three stages:
1, the early view was that supply chain is manufacturing enterprises in an internal process
2, but the supply chain concept of the attention of the links with other firms
3, the last of the supply chain concept of pay more attention around the core of the network links between enterprises, such as core business with suppliers, vendors and suppliers, and even before all the relations, and a user, after all the users and to the relationship.
Apply
Supply chain management involves four main areas: supply, production planning, logistics, demand. Functional areas including product engineering, product assurance, procurement, production control, inventory control, warehouse management, distribution management. Ancillary areas including customer service, manufacturing, design engineering, accounting, human resources, marketing.
Supply Chain Management implementation steps: 1, analysis of market competition environment, identify market opportunities, 2, analysis of customer value, 3, identified competitive strategy, 4, the analysis of the core competitiveness of enterprises, 5, assessment, selection of partners
For the supply chain partners of choice, can follow the following principles:
1, partners must have available the core of their competitiveness.
2, enterprises have the same values and strategic thinking
3, partners must Fewer but Better.
Case
As China's largest IT distributor, Digital China in China's supply chain management fields in the first place. In the IT distribution model generally questioned the circumstances, still maintained a good momentum of development, and CISCO, SUN, AMD, NEC, IBM, and other famous international brands to maintain good relations of cooperation. e-Bridge trading system in September opening, as at the end of March , and 6.4 billion yuan in transaction volume. In fact, this is the Digital China from the traditional distribution supply chain services to best reflect the changes. In the "distribution of services is a" concept, Digital China through the implementation of change channels, expansion of product and service operations, increasing its supply chain in the value of scale and specialized operations, to meet customer demand on the lower reaches of the In the course of the supply chain system can provide more value-added services, with more and more "IT services" color.

供给链管理

所谓供给链，其实就是由供给商、制造商、仓库、配送中心和渠道商等组成物流网络。同一企业可能组成这个网络不一样组成节点，但更多情况下是由不一样企业组成这个网络中不一样节点。比如，在某个供给链中，同一企业可能既在制造商、仓库节点，又在配送中心节点等占有位置。在分工愈细，专业要求愈高供给链中，不一样节点基础上由不一样企业组成。在供给链各组员单位间流动原材料、在制品库存和产成品等就组成了供给链上货物流。
供给链管理，就是指在满足一定用户服务水平条件下，为了使整个供给链系统成本达成最小而把供给商、制造商、仓库、配送中心和渠道商等有效地组织在一起来进行产品制造、转运、分销及销售管理方法。
从上述定义中，我们能够解读出供给链管理包含丰富内涵。
首先，供给链管理把产品在满足用户需求过程中对成本有影响各个组员单位全部考虑在内了，包含从原材料供给商、制造商到仓库再经过配送中心到渠道商。不过，实际上在供给链分析中，有必需考虑供给商供给商和用户用户，因为它们对供给链业绩也是有影响。
其次，供给链管理目标在于追求整个供给链整体效率和整个系统费用有效性，总是力图使系统总成本降至最低。所以，供给链管理关键不在于简单地使某个供给链组员运输成本达成最小或降低库存，而在于经过采取系统方法来协调供给链组员以使整个供给链总成本最低，使整个供给链系统处于最流畅运作中。
第三，供给链管理是围绕把供给商、制造商、仓库、配送中心和渠道商有机结合成一体这个问题来展开，所以它包含企业很多层次上活动，包含战略层次、战术层次和作业层次等。
尽管在实际物流管理中，只有经过供给链有机整合，企业才能显著地降低成本和提升服务水平，不过在实践中供给链整合是很困难，这是因为：
首先，供给链中不一样组员存在着不一样、相互冲突目标。比如，供给商通常期望制造商进行稳定数量大量采购，而交货期能够灵活变动；和供给商愿望相反，尽管大多数制造商愿意实施长久生产运转，但它们必需顾及用户需求及其改变并作出主动响应，这就要求制造商灵活地选择采购策略。所以，供给商目标和制造商追求灵活性目标之间就不可避免地存在矛盾。
其次，供给链是一个动态系统，随时间而不停地改变。实际上，不仅用户需求和供给商能力随时间而改变，而且供给链组员之间关系也会随时间而改变。比如，伴随用户购置力提升，供给商和制造商均面临着更大压力来生产更多品种更具个性化高质量产品，进而最终生产定制化产品。
研究表明，有效供给链管理总是能够使供给链上企业取得并保持稳定持久竞争优势，进而提升供给链整体竞争力。统计数据显示，供给链管理有效实施能够使企业总成本下降20%左右，供给链上节点企业按时交货率提升15%以上，订货到生产周期时间缩短20%~30%供给链上节点企业生产率增值提升15%以上。越来越多企业已经认识到实施供给链管理所带来巨大好处，比如HP、IBM、DELL等在供给链管理实践中取得显著成绩就是明证。
供给链管理：它从战略层次和整体角度把握最终用户需求，经过企业之间有效合作，取得从成本、时间、效率、柔性等最好效果。包含从原材料到最终用户全部活动，是对整个链过程管理。
SCM（供给链管理）是使企业愈加好地采购制造产品和提供服务所需原材料、生产产品和服务并将其递送给用户艺术和科学结合。供给链管理包含五大基础内容。
计划：这是SCM策略性部分。你需要有一个策略来管理全部资源，以满足用户对你产品需求。好计划是建立一系列方法监控供给链，使它能够有效、低成当地为用户递送高质量和高价值产品或服务。
采购：选择能为你产品和服务提供货物和服务供给商，和供给商建立一套定价、配送和付款步骤并发明方法监控和改善管理，并把对供给商提供货物和服务管理步骤结合起来，包含提货、核实货单、转送货物到你制造部门并同意对供给商付款等。
制造：安排生产、测试、打包和准备送货所需活动，是供给链中测量内容最多部分，包含质量水平、产品产量和工人生产效率等测量。
配送：很多"圈内人"称之为"物流"，是调整用户定单收据、建立仓库网络、派递送人员提货并送货到用户手中、建立货物计价系统、接收付款。
退货：这是供给链中问题处理部分。建立网络接收用户退回次品和多出产品，并在用户应用产品出问题时提供支持。
起源
20世纪70年代晚期，Keith Oliver经过和Skf、Heineken、Hoechst、Cadbury-Schweppes、Philips等用户接触过程中逐步形成了自己见解。并在1982年《金融时代》杂志一篇文章里叙述了供给链管理(SCM)意义，Keith Oliver曾经认为这个词会很快消失，但“SCM”不仅没有消失，还很快地进入了公众领域，这个概念对管理者采购、物流、操作、销售和市场活动意义匪浅。
演变
供给链至今尚无一个公认定义，在供给链管理发展过程中，很多教授和学者提出大量定义，反应了不一样时代背景，是在不一样发展阶段上产物，能够把这些定义大致划分为三个阶段：
1、早期见解认为供给链是制造企业中一个内部过程
2、以后供给链概念注意了和其它企业联络
3、最近供给链概念愈加重视围绕关键企业网链关系，如关键企业和供给商、供给商供给商乃至和一切前向关系，和用户、用户用户及一切后向关系。
应用
供给链管理关键包含到四个领域：供给、生产计划、物流、需求。职能领域关键包含产品工程、产品技术确保、采购、生产控制、库存控制、仓储管理、分销管理。辅助领域关键包含用户服务、制造、设计工程、会计核实、人力资源、市场营销。
供给链管理实施步骤：1、分析市场竞争环境，识别市场机会，2分析用户价值，3、确定竞争战略，4、分析本企业关键竞争力，5、评定、选择合作伙伴
对于供给链中合作伙伴选择，能够遵照以下标准：
1、合作伙伴必需拥有各自可资利用关键竞争力。
2、拥有相同企业价值观及战略思想
3、合作伙伴必需少而精。
案例
作为中国最大IT分销商，神州数码在中国供给链管理领域处于第一地位。在IT分销模式普遍被质疑环境下，仍然保持了良好发展势头，和CISCO、SUN、AMD、NEC、IBM等国际著名品牌保持着良好合作关系。e-Bridge交易系统9月开通，截至3月底，实现64亿元交易额。这其实就是神州数码从传统分销向供给链服务转变最好表现。本着“分销是一个服务”理念，神州数码经过实施渠道变革、产品扩张、服务运作，不停增加本身在供给链中价值，实现规模化、专业化经营，在满足上下游用户需求过程中，使供给链系统能提供更多增值服务，含有越来越多“IT服务”色彩。