6-定语从句-1-学生.doc

定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题
第1讲 关系词的选择技巧

考点1. 相关概念
A. 主句、从句、关系词
例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.
主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。 (例句中， 是主句。)
定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。） (例句中， 是定语从句，修饰the boy。)
先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。 (例句中， 是先行词。)
关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为 和 。(例句中， 是关系代词。)
关系词的三个作用
i.
ii.
iii.
B. 关系代词
i. 指人时可以用 。
Do you know the boy is my desk mate?
The man was killed in the accident is Tom’s uncle.
ii. 指物时可以用 ,也可以用 。
I like visiting places are not far away.
How do you like the film was shown last Sunday.
iii. whose可以指 。
He was a painter pictures were not well- known in his life time.
The tree leaves are red was planted last year.
iv. 关系代词作 时可以省略。
I like the meal we had last night.
Do you know the boy we talked about just now?
C. 关系副词
关系副词在从句中只能作 。when 指 ，where指 ，why指 ，how不能作关系词。如：
① We will put off the picnic until next week the weather may be better.
② He has reached the point a change is needed.
③ That is no reason you should leave.
基础过关
1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。
① The man ______ /______ was here yesterday is a painter.
② The man ______ /______ /______ /______ I saw is called Smith.
③ A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan.
④ I’d like a room ______ window looks out over the sea.
⑤ A letter ______ /_____ is written in pencil is hard to read.
⑥ The letter ______ / ______ /______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
⑦ That is the boy ______ / ______ / __ / ______ you are looking for.
⑧ Do you know the reason ______ he was late for the meeting？
⑨ This is the school ______ I used to study.
⑩ I still remember the day ______ we met for the first time.
2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。
主句：___ 定语从句:（ ）
先行词：先行词 关系词：
例：This is the book (that I have been looking for).
① The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.
② Have you bought the book which we talked about？
③ I still remember the day which we spent together last week.
④ He still lives in the house whose windows face south.
⑤ The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class.
⑥ The girl who you met was John’s sister.
⑦ There is no reason why we shouldn’t be friends.
⑧ They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark.
⑨ The days were gone when we had to travel on horses.
⑩ Is this the hospital where you were born?
考点2. 关系词的选择技巧
A. 选用哪个关系词，关键是看
含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分： 。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。
选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。
① He worked in the factory produces TV sets.
② He worked in the factory his father had worked.
③ I like the school is near to my home.
④ I like the school my sister studies.
B. 选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”
1. 找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。
2. 还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词）
3. 替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可）
例如：
① This is the school ______ I once studied.
② This is the school ______ is the most famous in the city.
③ I am studying at a school ______ my father teaches English.
找：（略）
还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：
I once studied at the school.
The school is the most famous in the city.
My father teaches English at the school.
粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。
替换：根据 “对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。
C. 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首
【2009江西】The house I grew up ______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词
1. Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. that B. what C. how D. why
2. Is this the reason ______ he was so careless in his work?
A. that B. what C. how D. why
3. The reason ______ he didn’t come was ______ he was ill.
A. why; that B. that; why
C. for that; that D. for which; what
4. He lives in a village ______ is not far from the city.
A. which B. where C. what D. whose
5. He lives in the village ______ he was born.
A. which B. where C. what D. whose
6. In an hour, we travel to places ______ could have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
7. In an hour, we travel to places ______ we can relax and get refreshed.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
8. I’ll never forget the days ______ we spent together.
A. that B. / C. when D. A and B
9. 【2014湖南】I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A. as B. why C. when D. where
10. If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways ______ do not do harm to other living things.
A. in which B. / C. how D. that
11. Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are produced?
A. when B. the one where
C. that D. in which
12. Is this factory ______ color TV sets are produced?
A. which B. the one where
C. that D. in which
13. This is the factory ______ produces color TV sets.
A. where B. the one where
C. that D. in which
14. 【2010天津】—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
—You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
15. 【2011陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
16. 【2011福建】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ______ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
17. 【2012江西】By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A. which B. when C. what D. that
18. 【2013山东】Finally he reached a lonely island ______ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when B. where
C. which D. whom

I. 单句改错
1. 【2010重庆】Firstly, a friend is someone you can share your secrets.
2. 【2010重庆】After hearing your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm.
3. 【2006江西】I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me.
4. I often think of the days when we spent on the island together.
5. This is the museum where you visited the other day.
6. Have you ever been to Shanghai, where I left ten years ago?
II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）
7. 【2014新课标Ⅰ】Maybe you have a habit______ is driving your family crazy.
8. 【2014广东】The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ______we watched some people play volleyball.
9. 【2014湖南】People should not do things ______ will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.
10. 【2014安徽】The exact year ______ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
11. 【2015课标Ⅰ】I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ______ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
12. 【2015广东】When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ______ people from the town met regularly.
III. 写作技能提升
13. 【2012上海】在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)

14. 这本书对我帮助很大，特别是在好印象是必须的工作中。（help greatly, expression, a must）

15. 我认为学生应当参加社区活动，在活动中他们可以为成长获得经验。（involve oneself in, community activities, gain experience）

16. 我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。