八年级选词填空.doc

中小学1对1互动式教学专家
智学堂教育学科教师辅导讲义
学科组长/带头人签名及日期

授课时间：
课 题
选词填空专练

教学目标

1、能够根据句子结构分析缺词应选用什么词性的单词，对方框内词语进行相应变形。
2、能够根据句子结构，选用谓语动词或非谓语动词。
3、能够根据观察句子结构，判断是否需要选用连词。

重点、难点

重点：理解句意，分析句子结构，选用恰当词性的单词。
难点：题目给出的候选词为单词原形，而这些单词运用于短文中时需变形。

考点及考试要求

主要考察固定短语搭配、动词时态变形、现在分词与过去分词的使用、各词性的区分与运用等，虽涉及了初一、初二所学的所有语法点，但由于是阅读理解性质，又有相应的单词原形选择，降低了难度，经过训练可拿不错的分数。
教学内容
选词填空题

技巧分析

【做题要点】
一、弄清文章大意 
要跳过空格，浏览全文，理解文章的大意，特别要注意读懂文章的第一句，这一句通常不设空格，它对我们理解文章的主旨起着非常重要的作用。
【例】
other, move, enough, find ,desert, make, use , another, friend , carry , trouble

You may think there is nothing but sand in the desert of the world, but it is not true. In the desert we can 1._______ stones. We can see hills, too. There is a little rain in the 2.________, but it is not 3. ______ for most plants.
The animals are 4. _______ to the desert people in many ways. The desert people eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals. They use their skins to 5. ________ shoes, water bags and even tents(帐篷). They use the camels(骆驼) for 6. _______ things.
The people of the desert have to keep 7. _______ from places to place. They must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in the tents. When there is mo more food for their animals, they take down their tents, put them on the camels and move to 8. _______ place. The desert people are very
9. ______. No man in the desert would ever refuse to help the people in 10._______ and give them food and water.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

二、分析句子成分 
通过分析句子成分弄清楚要填的词是在句中充当主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。
① 主语——名词、代词、动名词（V-ing）、动词不定式
★ ② 谓语——动词 → 形容词、名词前
★ ③ 宾语——名词、代词、动名词（V-ing）、动词不定式(to do) → 及物动词、介词后
④ 定语——形容词、现在分词（V-ing）、过去分词（V-ed）
★ ⑤ 状语——副词、介词短语、动词不定式(to do)等
⑥ 宾补——形容词、动词不定式(to do)

三、考虑词形变化 
1. 名词、代词：单数or 复数
2. 动词：时态、语态、非谓语动词 ( -ing形式、不定式 )
① 观察句子中有多少个动词，包括要填的词。
② 寻找连词。若有连词，要填的动词需与另一并列动词同形； 若没有连词，注意选择非谓语动词。
③ 非谓语动词的选择：a. 固定搭配； b. 修饰宾语，宾语做的动作(宾补)，选用to do； c. 表目的，为了做某事，选用(in order) to do； d. 若动作是主语做的，选用动名词(V-ing)，表伴随，两个动作同时发生。

四、注意固定搭配 
根据空格前后之间的固定搭配关系来分析。
① 填介词。
② 填动词 → 注意人称及时态变形。
E.g. I took the loaves and went out to sell them. It t me all day, but I sold them all.
★③ 填代词： 人称代词(主、宾格)； 物主代词(形容词性/ 名词性)；反身代词。
E.g. I was so proud of m .
If someone cares about you, you take better care of y . 

★④ 特别注意一些两词分得很开的短语搭配。
如be good at，be interested in，make progress，at least，at most，at last，in this way，pay a visit to，take care of， a lot of，have a population of，get on well with，have a party，give sb. sth，ask sb. to do sth，be / get used to，spend ... doing，so ... that ... 等等。     

五、观察句子谓语动词数量
观察句子谓语动词数量，判断是否需要填引导词。
E.g. I made friends with many Russian children w I was living and studying there.
People who sold things came past houses, ringing a bell and shouting w was for sale.

六、注意语篇顺序标志 ——连词、时间副词
 连词：but，however，although，or，and，because 等等
时间副词：now ； then； soon ；ago ； recently ； lately ； later ； finally ； before ；early ；today ； tomorrow ；yesterday ；tonight ；suddenly ；immediately ；already等等
E.g. Tests have s that total silence can be very frightening experiences. H , some people enjoy listening to pop music which is very loud, and this can do harm to their ears.
F , it is very important to keep healthy. To get e sleep every day is also necessary. Try to have a healthy d . Secondly, maybe you are not the top students.

七、利用上下语境 
就是利用上下文的意思与结构来填空，这个上下文可能是空格所处的那个句本身的前部分和后部分，也可能是空格前后的那个或那几句子，还有可能前后段落或对整篇文章的理解。有时甚至还要结合常识进行简单的逻辑推理才能准确判断出该填哪个词。 
E.g. Life gets noisier every day and very f people can be free from noise of some kind or another.
We seem to be used to noise, too. Some people feel quite lonely w background music while they are working.
强化训练

【选词填空1】
send , much , invent , amaze , have , look , read , picture , go , important

My father usually travels to work with a handbag that I 1 him last Father’s Day. He put a lot of useful things in the handbag. Of all the things, he likes his notebook computer 2 because most of his work is stored in it. My father said, "It is one of the best 3 in the world. Such a small object can store so much
information. How 4 !"
Years ago, my father 5 to take lots of documents and work-related papers with him. Because he had to read them at home or on the way to work. Nine times out of ten, it is good to 6 through the notebook computer rather than 7 lots of papers. So he doesn’t need to take heavy papers with him every day. Often I put some 8 of my family in his handbag. The pictures can remind him 9 home after work. They also
remind him that something 10 than work is the family.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

【选词填空2】
something , flower , look , if , make , why , real , house , get , sad

Have you ever had a day when everything seemed to go wrong, and nothing seemed to go right ?
     Not too long ago, I was   1  . I told my mother all about it, hoping for some pity. Instead, she said, "I heard Jamie was having a difficult day too.   2  don't you make her some cookies?"
     I didn't   3  want to do that, but I didn't want to go back to my other problems, either. I   4 the cookies and put  them in a box. Then I made a card with some   5  on it and wrote a small note.
      That afternoon I went to my friend's   6  . When Jamie came to the door, she    7 at me in surprise . Before she could say anything, I said, "I heard you were having a hard day and decided to bring you   8  . I hope your day goes better. " The look on Jamie's face was one that I could never put into words. It was as   9  a dark sky suddenly, turned into sunshine.
      when I   10  back, I felt a lot better. That day I knew that those who brought sun- shine to others, could also keep it for themselves.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

【选词填空3】

country they like family sometimes charity make away of good

Everyone __1__ gifts. Some little kids think they don’t get enough gifts. Some old people think they get too many gifts. Different people like different kinds__2_ gifts. Gift giving is different in different__3__. In Japan, people __4__ give special gifts. But they are not opened. Later, the same gift may be given__5__to someone else. Many people have enough things and don’t want too many gifts __6_. In the USA, some people ask their __7__ and friends to give money to __8__rather than buy them gifts. In Sweden, doing something for someone is the __9____ gift. People don’t need to spend too much money. Instead, ___10__ a meal is enough.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

【选词填空4】
at, hard, change, up, before, win, happen, down, choose, practice, part

Life is not easy, so I’d like to say “When anything 1 , believe in yourself!” When I was a young boy, I was too shy to speak to anyone. My classmates often laughed 2 me. I was sad but could do nothing. Later, something happened, and it 3 my life. It was an English speech contest(比赛). My mother asked me to take 4 in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to speak 5 all the teachers and students of my school!
“Come on, boy. Believe in yourself! You are sure to 6 .” Then mother and I talked about many different topics. At last I 7 the topic “Believe in yourself”. I tried my best to remember all the speech and
8 it over 100 times. With my mother’s great love, I did well in the contest. I could ___9___ believe my ears when the news came that I had won the first place. I heard the cheers from the teachers and students. Those classmates who once looked 10 on me, now all said congratulations to me.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

【选词填空5】

how, much, safe, thank, play , be, invent , no, so , interest, must , ask 

  Thomas Edison was a great American ___1___ . When he was a child, he was always ___2___  questions
 and trying out new ideas. No matter  ___3___  hard it was, he never gave up. 
Young Tom was in school for only three months. His teacher didn’t understand why he had ___4___  many strange questions. Most of them were not about his lessons. The teacher didn’t want to teach Tom any ___5___ . He asked Tom’s mother to take the boy home. Tom’s mother taught him to read and write, and she found him  
___6___  a very good pupil. He learnt very fast and became very ___7___ in science.  
One day , he saw a little boy  ___8___ on the railway tracks at a station. A train was coming near quiclly, 
and the boy was too frightened to move. Edison rushed out and carried the boy to  ___9___. The boy’s father 
was so  ___10___  that  he taught Edison to send messages by telegraph(电报). 
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

【选词填空6】

as , sleep , dream , like , again , about , think , must ,  up , quick , much , why

"Dreams (梦 ) may be more important than sleep. We all need to dream," some scientists say.  
Dreams take up about one quarter of our ___1___ time. People have several  ___2___each night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in colour. Some dreams are ___3___ old films. They come to us over and over ___4___. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. Dreaming may be a way of trying to 
find an answer.  
    Some people get new ideas ___5___ their work from dreams. They may have been ___6___ about their 
work all day. These thoughts can carry over into dreams.  
Sometimes we wake ___7___ with a good feeling from a dream. But often we can't remember the dream. 
Dreams can disappear (消失) ___8___ from memory (记忆).  
Too much dreaming can be harmful (有害的). The 9. ________ we sleep, the longer we dream. The mind is
 hard at work when we dream. That is ___10___ we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired. 
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

- 6 - 智学堂· 个性化教学部