初中英语复合句中考专项讲解与练习.doc

孝感戴氏教育 高考中考名校冲刺

鹰击长空—基础不丢

一、 宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，中考主要考查的知识点有三个：引导词、语序和时态
1、宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句的引导词有三种：1）that；2）whether/ if；3）特殊疑问词What/ when/ where/ who等。
He said that he could help me.
Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.
Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？
（1） that引导的宾语从句：
that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分， that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。
　He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。
（2）whether或if引导的宾语从句：
　 从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。
Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.　
　I don’t care whether you like the story or not.
注意：以下情况一般只用whether不用if。
① 接带to的动词不定式。
　She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去动物园。
② 与or not连用时。
　I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否准时来，我说不准。
（3）疑问词引导的宾语从句：
　此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序由wh-开头的疑问词引导。wh-词包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词，这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如：
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?
He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here.

2、宾语从句的三个注意事项
1）语序：宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。
把这两个简单句合成一个复合句：
Where does your father work? Can you tell us? →
____________________________________________________
Did you get home very late? He asked me.→
__________________________________________________

2）时态：如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。
My teacher says he will be back in a week.
My teacher says he has seen the movie.
如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。
My father said he was watching TV at that time.
My father said the he had already seen the movie.
如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。
Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth.
我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。

3) 否定转移：
　主句的主语如果是第一人称，从句的否定要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如：
I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute.
I don’t believe he did this, did he?

二、定语从句
　　用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词的后面，这个名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连接词称为关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句中代表先行词可以作主语、宾语、定语等。关系副词代表先行词在从句中可以作状语。
关系词
词形
所修饰的先行词
在从句中所作的成分
关系代词
who
人
主语、宾语、表语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语、表语
that
人、物
主语、宾语、表语
whose
人、物
定语
关系副词
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词
地点状语
why
原因名词
原因状语
1. 选出正确的关系代词或关系副词的关键：①看所修饰的是人还是物；②看它所代表的先行词在定语从句中做什么成分。例如：
Do you know the man who/that sells eggs to me?
　 　（先行词是“the man”，在从句中作主语，用who/ that）
Your father was not on the train that/ which arrived just now.
　 　　(先行词是物，用which/that，在从句中作主语)
This is the book (which / that) you wanted.
　 　　(先行词是物，用which/that，在从句中作宾语，可省)
Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor?
　 　　(先行词是人，whose代表“男孩的”，在从句中作定语)
You can go home where you can have a rest.
　 　　(先行词是地点，where相当于at home，在从句中作地点状语)
Do you remember the year when we were hungry every day？
　 　　(先行词是时间，when相当于in the year，在从句中作时间状语）　 　　 Do you know the reason why she didn’t come to our party？
　 　　(先行词是原因，why相当于for the reason，在从句中作原因状语）

2. 引导词作宾语时可以省略。例如：
Have you seen the book (that) I gave you yesterday？

3. 引导词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。例如：
Do you know the man who is speaking to your father？

三、状语从句
　　用作状语的句子叫状语从句。引导状语从句的连接词是从属连词。状语从句可以在句首，也可以在句尾，根据其用途可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句，比较状语从句等。
1. 时间状语从句：时间状语从句表示时间，常用连接词有：when（当……时），while（当……时），as（当……时），before（在……之前），after（在……之后），since（自从），until（直到）， as soon as（一……就），once（一旦……就）等。例如：
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.
I can listen to the radio while I work.
注意：
① 时间状语从句中，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I will telephone you when he comes.
I’ll stay here until you come back.
② when引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生，从句的谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。例如：
He was working when I went in.
When she heard the news, she began to cry.
while引导的状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词，意思是“在……期间”
They rushed in while we were singing. 我们唱歌时，他们冲进来。
as引导状语从句，强调同时发生，不分先后。可以译成“随着”或“一边……一边”。
John sings as he walks home.
③ while还可以表示两者之间的对比关系。
I like playing football, while Tom likes listening to music.
④ since引导状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
We have been friends since we met in Beijing.
It has been six years since she left school.

2. 地点状语从句：地点状语从句表示地点。其连接词有where（哪里），wherever（无论哪里）等。
Put it where you find it.
You can sit wherever you like.

3. 原因状语从句：原因状语从句表示原因或者理由。其连接词有：because（因为），as （因为），since（既然）等。
I often eat carrots because they are good for my health.
As I don’t know the way, I had to ask the policeman.
注意：
① because表示因果关系语气最强，常用来回答why提出的问题。
I didn’t tell them because they were too young.
② because和so不能同在一个句子里。
Because the book was expensive, I didn’t buy it. (I 前不用so)

4. 结果状语从句：表示结果。其连接词有：so…that…（如此……以致……），so that（结果），such… that…（如此……以致……）等。
It’s such a good chance that you can’t miss it.
注意： so…that 和 such …that 都可以引导结果状语从句，注意so和such后面所接的词不同。
① such... that
such＋a(an)＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句
such＋形容词＋复数名词/不可数名词＋that从句
He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.
② 但是如果名词前由many、much、few、little（少）等词修饰，则用so。例如： He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 　　　 ③ so ... that
so＋形容词／副词.＋that从句
so＋形容词＋a(an)＋单数可数名词＋that从句
He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.
Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him.
=He is so good a doctor that everybody loves and respects him.
=He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.)

5. 目的状语从句：表示目的。其连接词有：so（以便），so that（为了），in order that（为了）等，从句中多用情态动词can, will, may, should 等。
He got up very early so that he could catch the first train.

6. 条件状语从句：条件状语从句表示条件。其连接词有：if（如果），unless （如果不，除非），as long as（只要）等。
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming. 如果明天天气好的话我们去游泳。
注意：
① 条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
　Unless it rains, the game will be played. 如果不下雨，比赛就将进行。
② unless意思相当于if…not…。

7. 让步状语从句：常由though/although (虽然)，even if/ though (即使)等引导。
Though it’s hard work, I enjoy it.

突飞猛进—过手训练

1. I don’t know if you come to my party tomorrow.
〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的时态用法，从句子的意思理解是if引导的宾语从句，要用一般将来时，此题误用作状语从句了。所以应把come改为will/ can come。
2. Can you tell me where does he study English?
〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的语序的用法，特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序，所以把助动词does去掉，而且因为从句主语是he，还要把study变成studies。
3. My teacher told me that light traveled faster than the sound.
〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的时态用法。宾语从句是表示客观真理（即光速比声速快），所以宾语从句用一般现在时，而不受主句时态的影响。所以要把traveled改为travels。
4. They are the people and books who you want to learn.
〔解析〕本题是考查定语从句的引导词用法，定语从句的先行词既有人和也有物，所以引导词要用人和物共用的that，不能用who或者which。所以要把who改为that。
5. He got to school early if he could clean the classroom.
〔解析〕本题是考查表示目的的状语从句的连接词的用法。if引导条件状语从句，而此句应该用连接词so that引导目的状语从句。所以把if改为so that。
突飞猛进—过手训练

1.Your T­shirt is so cool. Could you tell me________？
A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it
C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it
2. I can't forget the time ________ the earthquake happened in Yushu.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
3. If the child _______, please telephone the police.
  A. found B. is found C. was found D. has found
4. I hurried _______I wouldn't be late for class.
A. so B. so that C. if D. unless
5. This is my beautiful school ________ is near the famous library.
A. where B. which C. who D. when
6. Friends are those ________ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.
A. which B. what C. whom D. who
7. —Does anyone know ________？
—I hear that he was born in Sweden.
A. what he is B. when he was born
C. where he comes from D. which country is he from
8. I don't know if Jack ________. If he ________, call me, please.
A. will come; will comes B. comes; come
C. comes; will come D. will come; comes
9. The TV play is about a true story ________ happened in Mianyang in 1998.
A. it B. what C. that D. when
10.Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
　A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been
11. We ______ TV when the telephone ________.
   A. watched, was ringing  B. were watching, rang 
C. were watching, rings  D. are watching, rang
12. Do you like music ______ makes you relaxed?
A. it B. what C. who D. that
13. —Do you know ________ the MP4 yesterday?
—Sorry. I've no idea about it.
A. how much did he pay for B. how much he paid for
C. he paid for how much D. he paid how much for
14. Is that the man ________ helped us a lot after the earthquake?
A. where B. which C. when D. who
15. He met many problems ________ he was going over his lessons.
A. before B. as soon as C. since D .while
16. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
17. ________ well you drive, you must drive carefully.
A. No matter where B. In order that C. No matter how D. As soon as
18. We have to get up at 7：15 tomorrow morning, ________ we will be late for the 7：40 train.
A. before B. or C. if D. so
19. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
20. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
21．Sorry, we don't have the coat ________ you need.
A. what B. who C. whom D. which
22. It's a serious problem. We can't decide ________ Mr.Harris comes back.
A. while B. since C .until D. so
23. It's snowing outside! Put on more clothes, ________ you may catch a cold.
A. and B. but C. or D. though
24. The policeman asked me ________ at this time yesterday.
A. what was I doing B. what did I do C. what I was doing D. what I do
25. ______China is growing stronger and stronger, Chinese is taught in more and more countries.
A. If B. Unless C. As D. Although
26.—Tommy, do you know if Frank _______ to the theatre with us this Sunday if it ________？
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine
C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine
27. Could you ring me up as soon as he ______?
     A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives D. will arrive
28. She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
29. Linda said the moon___ round the earth
　A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled
30. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
31. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
32. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.
A. which B. when C. who D. whom
33. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
34. This is the place     ____I have ever visited.
A. there       B. when       C. where      D. which
35. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when
36. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why
37. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
38. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when B. where C that D. on which
39. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. who B. that C. whose D. which
40. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.
A. that B. which C. when D. where