现在完成时被动语态导学案及答案.doc

高一英语 课前作业A
姓名 班级 组别 编制 时间 编号 43 审批
课题：Unit 3 Grammar 现在完成时的被动语态
【学习目标】
1.现在完成时被动语态的构成 2. 现在完成时被动语态的主要用法3．使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
【重点难点】
能够熟练运用现在完成时被动语态。
【课前预习】现在完成时被动语态的结构就是 现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“ have + been + 动词过去分词”。试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：
1. 主动：He has repaired the machine for two hours. （他修理这台机器已有两小时了）
被动： The machine has been repaired for two hours. （这台机器已修了两小时了）
2. 主动句：The teacher has borrowed the books. （老师把那些书借走了）
被动句：The books have been borrowed by the teacher. （那些书被老师借走了）
【完成目标】
目标一：现在完成时被动语态的构成。
1．现在完成时被动语态的肯定式：
由________________构成。
例如：Two windows have been broken．两个窗子被打破了。
2. 现在完成时被动语态的否定式：
由________________________________________________________________________构成。
例如：The car has not been repaired．这辆汽车还没有修好。
3. 现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式：
由________________________________构成。例如：①─Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？ ─Yes，it has．是的，完成了。
②─Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？─No，they haven't．不，还没有。
4. 现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式：
由________________________________________________________________________构成。例如：How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？
Who has been helped by the new computer？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？
目标二：现在完成时被动语态的主要用法。
1．表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。当动词为短暂动词时，可与already或yet连用，但不可与for或since引导的时间状语连用。
例如：The door has been locked. 门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）
房间已打扫干净了。 翻译：__________________________________________
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long．．．？句型中。连用的时间状语有：already, yet, lately, recently, in the past/last few days/years, since then, up to now, so far 等。
例如：They have been told about it for many times．有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们） 这机器使用有多久了？翻译：_________________目标三：使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题。
1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 have ／has和been，两者缺一不可。
2．注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。
例如：The house was built last year．这房子是去年建造的。
The house has been built．这房子已经建好了。
3．由finish，buystart，begin，post，return，borrow， join，marry，open等非延续性词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，而要改换动词或时态。例如：译：这本书买了多久了？
误：How long has this book been bought？ 正：How long ago was this book bought？
但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。例如：No books have been bought since last week．自上周以来，没有人来买过书。
4．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如：The orphan has been well looked after．这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。
【课堂小结】
本节从知识上学到了什么？
本节从方法上学到了什么？
高一英语作业B（课后）
一、将空白处补充完整,完成下列含有被动语态的句子(每空一词)。    
1. They have built many houses in the village in the past few years. 
    Many houses _________  __________  ___________  in the village in the past few years. 
2. They should have completed the project earlier this month. 
The project __________  __________  ___________  ___________ earlier this month.
3. Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
   Jack ________  _____________  ___________  ________ by his boss for his devotion to work.
4. They have found a good place to build a nest in the community.
   A good place __________  __________  ___________ to build a nest in the community.
5. They haven't yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem.
   How to solve that difficult technological problem __________  ___________  ___________ yet.
二． 选择题
1. -------I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. -----------_________________________?
A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished
C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish
2. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage _____________by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.
A. has been caused       B. had been caused C. will be caused       D. will have been caused
3. More patients ______________ in hospital this year than last year.
A. treated               B. have treated C. had been treated          D. have been treated
4. —The window is dirty. —I know. It ________________for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned           B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned           D. hasn’t been cleaned

5．Paper money _______________ for over a thousand years．
A．used    B．has been used    C．has used    D．is using
6．Great changes ____________ in my hometown and a lot of factories ___________．
A．have been taken place； are being set up B．have taken place； have been set up
C．are taken place； had been set up D．had taken place； will be set up
7．Come and sit down by the fire．Your hand___________________ cold．
A．has been felt    B．feels    C．is felt     D．has felt
8．The fire __________to the fifth floor．____________ all the people______________？
A．has got；Have；been saved B．has been got；Have；saved
C．has got；Do；save D．has got；Have；saved
9．—We want to sit at the table near the window．
—I’m sorry，but it _____________ already．
A．has taken     B．took     C．was taken     D．has been taken
10．Some of the chapters（片段）________________ by many students．
A．have been widely read B．have read widely
C．were wide read D．had been widely read
11．Why don’t you go to the book store to buy some books？Many new books __________ there．
A．have just brought B．have just been brought
C．were just brought D．are just brought
12．Till now，three films ______________ in that small village this month．
A．have shown    B．have been shown    C．were shown    D．will be shown
13．Do you know the thief ______________ by the police？
A．has caught    B．has been catching    C．was caught    D．has been caught
14．My sister is working in the power plant that ____________for just one year．
A．was used    B．has been used    C．is used    D．has used
三、短文改错。
My friend Nick told me story about his experience back in the US, which was very interested. One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help. As the old man looked over the things on the yard that were to be sold, he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees. On the box was a card say: “25 cents each.” “You will never sell these for that much,” he told Nick. Convinced, Nick has bought the price up to 10 cents a piece. Without a moment’s delay, my neighbor picked up the box but announced, “ I’ll take them.”

学生得分
【日期】 月 日
【批语】
导学案43答案
课前作业 A
have ／has ＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词
have ／has ＋not＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词
have ／has ＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词
疑问词＋have／has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词
翻译：
The room has already been cleaned. How long has the machine been used?
课后作业B
一．填空。
1. have been built 2. should have been completed
3. has always been praised 4. has been found
5. hasn’t been decided
二．选择。
第1题的第一句话告诉我们，橱柜里看不到咖啡了，所以紧接着要问“咖啡已经被喝完了吗？”，故选A。
第2题的意思是“昨晚横扫英格兰北部的暴风雨已经造成了上百万英镑的损失”，这里强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响，故选A。
第3题中的patients与treat之间是被动关系，排除A、B。根据时间状语this year可知用现在完成时的被动语态，故选D。
第4题上句提到“窗户很脏”，所以下句应该是“窗户已经有数周没有被擦了”，故选D。   
5-14 BBBAD    ABBDB
三．短文改错。
My friend Nick told me story about his experience back in the US, which was very interested. One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help. As the old man looked over the things on the yard that were to be sold, he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees. On the box was a card say “25 cents each.” “You will never sell these for that much,” he told Nick. Convinced, Nick has bought the price up to 10 cents a piece. Without a moment’s delay, my neighbor picked up the box but announced, “ I’ll take them.”

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