郑州市2019年高中毕业年级第一次质量预测——英语.doc

郑州市2019年高中毕业年级第一次质量预测
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A month ago, I broke a nail. My other nails looked amazing, but now one was a mess. Clearly, there was no point in keeping the others, so I took out the nail scissors to cut them all off.
“What are you doing, Mom?” my daughter cried. “Your nails look great! Don’t cut them !”
“But they’re ruined,” I said, waving the broken one in her face.
“They’re not ruined,” she said. “You still have nine nails left!”
I hesitated, with the scissors still in my hand. My nails certainly weren’t perfect anymore, and the opposite of “perfect” is “ruined”, right? I mean, this is how I think about most things: It’s all or nothing. Take my finances for example.
I can spend weeks being sensible and buying only essential items, such as food for my family. And then one day, I’ll see something expensive that I really like and buy it. Then, I think to myself “Well, I already spent $100 on that dress last week, so I may as well spend $ 50 on this lipstick （口红）” and give up saving entirely. I’ve thought about why I act this way, but I don’t know what causes this behavior. I seem to go from “good” to “complete disaster” in a matter of moments. My brain only sees “perfect” or “disaster”, which is extremely unhelpful.
We humans are never just good or bad — we are far more complex. We have wins and we have losses and, occasionally, they are hard to tell apart. Some people understand this instinctively（本能地）, while others struggle. For most of us, learning not to do the thing we’re used to requires effort and discomfort. However, we should remind ourselves that we sometimes make mistakes, and that this doesn’t mean we’ve failed. We need to accept that things will sometimes go wrong.
Indeed, failure is part of life. We all fall occasionally, and we normally get straight back up. And so, with my daughter’s words ringing in my ears, I decided to keep my nine nice nails. I feel annoyed every time I look at my hands, but I’m determined to live with my choice. It’s a perfect exercise in imperfection. Maybe soon, I’ll switch off my computer the next time I feel like I might buy something else I don’t need, although I may need my daughter there to guide me again.
21. Why did the author want to cut off her nails?
A. She got all of them ruined. B. She didn’t like long nails at all.
C. She didn’t want to have imperfect nails. D. She wanted to prevent them being broken.
22. What is the author’s problem with her life?
A. She is rather crazy about shopping. B. She looks at life in an extreme way.
C. She is too careful with her finances. D. She is unwilling to change her mind.
23. What does the author think of failure?
A. It is just a normal part of life. B. It can help people to be stronger.
C. It can completely destroy our life. D. It is something we need to overcome.
B
My son Sam is 16 and autistic（自闭症的）. There’s a lot going on in that beautiful and brilliant mind of his, but even on a good day he can be easily at a loss. Throw in some diagnosed anxiety, an inability to read social cues（信号）and an unexpected change to his daily routine, and you have the way to deal with a very public meltdown（崩溃）.
It was Sam’s very first day at high school. We’d set up a plan for how he’d get home: I’d pick him up outside the shop near his school at 3:30 pm and I believed this was a perfect plan. Unknown to me, very bad weather was on its way and I was unable to warn him to take shelter.
With the combination of his dead phone battery and my dead car battery, I was running late and unable to communicate that to him. As a result, he was left alone and extremely frightened. He became very upset outside the shop, exactly where I’d told him to wait.
This was when a beautiful older Vietnamese lady not only went to check on him, but took him inside her shop, calmed him down, got my phone number from him and called me.
Five years later he continued to go into her shop every afternoon, bought a drink, had a chat and she sent him home with enough bread and rolls to feed a small nation.
Sam will graduate this year, and I’m increasingly feeling the need to drop by the shop to let this wonderful lady know that she has saved Sam, and that she has saved me. I’m not sure if I can communicate all of this, but at least I will get to thank her.
There are people I will not get to thank, though — the many kind strangers who have been there for Sam. And believe me, if you’re wondering if this world is a complete mess right now, I’m here to say that it is not.
So I guess this is a love letter to those of you who have helped a stranger out of the goodness of your heart. Please know you are appreciated, that your beautiful heart and kindness are appreciated, and that, perhaps unknowingly, you have made a great difference in someone’s life.
24. What can we learn about Sam from the first paragraph?
A. He is rather slow with his studies. B. He can deal with sudden changes well.
C. He has difficulty in dealing with things. D. He tries hard to learn how to read social cues.
25. The underlined part “check on” in Paragraph 4 probably means __________.
A. discover B. visit C. recognize D. examine
26 What happened to Sam after his first day at high school?
A. He could get on well with his classmates.
B. He made good friends with the nice lady.
C. He brought the lady some food to thank her.
D. He became willing to communicate with others.
27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To express her thanks to kind people.
B. To remind us all to help autistic people.
C. To show how difficult life is for autistic people.
D. To tell us how to make a difference in others’ lives.

C
If you’ve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “man’s best friend”. But a dog’s life is much shorter than humans, about 12 to 15 years long, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.
Why not make a clone of that dog then? This is the solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has already successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.
To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died. Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg. Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb（子宫）of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months.
The whole process takes less than a day, but it comes at a shockingly high price—around ￡63,000. But if you can’t afford it now, you can also save the cell in a laboratory and access it at a later date.
However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one. Just like identical twins of humans, they share the exactly same DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian（斑点狗）clone will be different, for example,”Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech, told The Guardian.
Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “clone-able”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both random elements that cloning technologies simply cannot overcome Professor Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University, UK, told The Telegraph.
Perhaps bringing our dogs back by cloning is not the best way to remember them after all. Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out, “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”
28. What service does Sooam Biotech Research Foundation offer?
A. Making copies of pet dogs. B. Giving pet dogs identical twins.
C. Helping dogs give birth to more puppies. D. Helping dog owners love their dogs more.
29. Which order is correct in the dog cloning process?
a. An egg is taken from another dog.
b. A skin cell is taken from the pet dog.
c. The egg grows into a puppy in two months.
d. The egg is placed in the womb of a female dog.
e. The DNA in the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin cell.
A. a→d→b→e→c B. a→e→b→d→c
C. b→a→d→e→c D. b→a→e→d→c
30. What can we learn about dog cloning from the passage?
A. It has not been put into practice until recently.
B. It is very popular among US and UK pet owners.
C. It might not give the owners an exactly same dog.
D. It is very expensive and usually takes half a year to complete.
31. What does Kirkwood think of dog cloning?
A. He disagrees with it. B. He supports it.
C. He is curious about it. D. He thinks it unbelievable.
D
Are you a procrastinator（拖拉者）? It’s a common problem. And it can be harmful, as previous research has shown that people who procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower well-being, reported the Association for Psychological Science in the US. But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.
Psychologists think that each person believes that they are really two people: “Present Me” and “Future Me”. “People act as if they prefer their current selves’ needs and desires to those of their future selves,” wrote psychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman.
Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make “Present Me” imagine exactly how “Future Me” would feel the night before a big paper was due, though “Present Me” hadn’t started yet. They made “Present Me” think about a far-off event as a number of days away, not months or years.
Thinking about events in this way meant that something like a friend’s wedding seemed 16.3 days sooner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years.
The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in X days rather than years. For example, participants imagined they had a newborn child, and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6,570 days. The researchers found those in the “days” condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the “years” condition.
So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.
32. What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study?
A. To work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.
B. To find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.
C. To discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of well-being.
D. To prove it’s helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.
33. The underlined part “this way” in Paragraph 4 refers to “_________”.
A. setting up tough deadlines
B. following schedules strictly
C. counting in smaller units of time
D. imagining how your future self will feel
34. What helps prevent people from procrastinating?
A. Comparing their future selves with present selves.
B. Considering their current selves’ needs and desires.
C. Thinking about far-off events in days rather than years.
D. Marking important events on a calendar as a reminder.
35. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. A way to get things done in time.
B. The harmful effects of procrastination.
C. The reason to overlook future needs and desires.
D. The way to reduce stress and improve happiness.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you’re a gamer who’s constantly glued to your phone, it could be time to ask for medical help.
On June 18, 2018, the World Health Organization（WHO）officially listed “gaming disorder” as a mental health condition. 36
“Video gaming is like a non-financial kind of gambling （赌博）from a psychological point of view,” Mark Griffiths, a professor from Nottingham Trent University in the UK, told the Associated Press（AP）. “Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score, while gamers use points.”
37
“People need to understand this doesn’t mean every child who spends hours in their room playing games is an addict, otherwise doctors are going to be flooded with requests for help,” Joan Harvey, a spokeswoman for the British Psychological Society, told AP.
38 For example, a 21-year-old Chinese woman surnamed Wu in Guangdong province went blind in one eye after playing the mobile game King of Glory for a whole day. “On days when I have no work, I usually get up at 6 am, eat breakfast and play until 4 pm,” she told the South China Morning Post. “Then I’ll eat something, have a nap（小睡）and play until 1 am.”
Wu isn’t alone. According to a study published by China Youth Daily, about one in five young Chinese people play online video games for at least four to five hours per day. 39 In April, the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet and games.
Other countries have also taken action. 40 Meanwhile, in Japan, some mobile phones have a special mode for children that lets their parents control what games they can download and how long they can play.
A. This means it’s now on the same list as other mental illnesses.
B. Thankfully, measures have been taken to deal with the problem.
C. We often see people around us playing games on their mobile phones.
D. In South Korea, children are forbidden to play video games after midnight.
E. WHO’s main work is to improve the mental health of individuals and society.
F. But if you lose control over your gaming habits, you’ll face serious problems.
G. However, it doesn’t matter if you play your favorite game now and then.

第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was a cold and dark winter night. A town, in Wenchuan County, one of the worst 41__
areas in the May 12 earthquake, 2008, was extremely quiet except that the sound of 42 came out of a small house. This was not an ordinary house 43 a community KTV set up by a young man in late September.
Ever since its opening, it has become a place for local people to heal their 44 . From sentimental（伤感的）love songs to happy pop songs, singing has become part