高英第七册UnitIITextITourists.doc

Tourists
旅游者/观光客/游客
Nancy Mitford 南西·密特福德
New words
minute, small
Venetian, 威尼斯的`
lagoon, A shallow body of water, especially one separated from a sea by sandbars or coral reefs.
vineyard, Ground planted with cultivated grapevines.
William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, who set up a claim to the throne of England and launched an attack against the island in 1066.
intersected, criss-crossed
campanile, A bell tower, especially one near but not attached to a church or other public building.
reproach, To express disapproval of, criticism of, or disappointment in (someone).

cloches, cloches, divines reproaches, [French] Bells, bells, divine reproaches
chorus, A simultaneous utterance by a number of people; The sounds so made
chartered motor-boats, motor-boats hired for an exclusive use
yachts, small sailing or motor-driven vessels, generally with smart, graceful lines, used for pleasure cruises or racing.
amblev, To walk slowly or leisurely; stroll.
tow-path, a path along which people draw a boat against the current
mosaics, a form of surface decoration made by inlaying small pieces of colored glass or stone; a picture or design so made.
austere, Severe or stern in disposition or appearance; somber and grave
Madonna, a statue or picture of the Virgin Mary.
Byzantine, an artistic style of architecture developed in the Byzantine Empire (The East Roman Empire) during the 4th century, characterized by the round arch springing from the columns or piers, and the dome resting on pendentives.
the throne of Attila, Attila (406-453), king of the Huns, who overran much of the Byzantine and Western Roman Empires. In 451 he advanced as far as Orlean in Gaul and in 452 to the river Mincio in Italy. he later came to be called "Scourge of God."

scent, To fill with a pleasant odor;
standing, Permanent and unchanging; fixed
megaphone, A funnel-shaped device used to direct and amplify the voice.
luncheon, A lunch, especially a formal one.
undergo, To pass through; experience
litter, Carelessly discarded refuse, such as wastepaper

Text
1 The most intensive study I ever made of tourists as at Torcello, where it is impossible to avoid them. Torcello is a minute island in the Venetian lagoon: here, among vineyards and wild flowers, some thirty cottages surround a great cathedral which was being built when William the Conqueror came to England. A canal and a path lead from the lagoon to the village, the vineyards are intersected by canals; red and yellow sails glide slowly through the vines. Bells from the campanile ring out reproaches three times a day ("cloches, cloches, divines reproaches") joined by a chorus from the surrounding islands. There is an inn where I lived one summer, writing my book and observing the tourist. Torcello which used to be lonely as a cloud has recently become an outing from Venice. Many more visitors than it can comfortably hold pour into it, off the regular steamers, off chartered motor-boats, and off yachts; all day they ambled up the tow-path, looking for what? The cathedral is decorated with early mosaics -- scenes from hell, much restored, and a great sad, austere Madonna; Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors has acquired it. They wander into the church and look round aimlessly. They come out on to the village green and photograph each other in a stone armchair, said to be the throne of Attila. They relentlessly tear at the wild roses which one has seen in bud and longed to see in bloom and which, for a day have scented the whole island. As soon as they are picked the roses fade and are thrown into the canal. The Americans visit the inn to eat or drink something. The English declare that they can't afford to do this. They take food which they have brought with them into the vineyard and I am sorry to say leave the devil of a mess behind them. Every Thursday Germans come up the tow-path, marching as to war, with a Leader. There is a standing order to fifty luncheons at the inn; while they eat the Leader lectures them through a megaphone. After luncheon they march into the cathedral and undergo another lecture. They, at least, know what they are seeing. Then they march back to their boat. They are tidy; they leave no litter.

An outline of the selection:
A. Torcello which used to be lonely has recently become an outing from Venice.
a) Tocello's location
b) A general view of Tocello.
c) Too many visitors pour into it.
d) Most of them are ignorant and rude.
e) Concrete description of the visitors:

1) Americans.
2) Englishmen

3) Germans
译文
1 我曾对游客最深入细致的研究，是在托塞罗做的。在这里，你想要躲开游客是不可能的。托塞罗是威尼斯环礁湖中的一个小岛：在这里，三十多所农舍，环绕着一个威廉王（诺曼帝国）征服英国（1066年）时建的大教堂，隐现在葡萄架和野花丛中，一条运河和一条小路从环礁通向小村。葡萄园被一条条运河切割成豆腐块。红的黄的船帆在葡萄架间缓缓行驶。钟楼的钟每天要响三次（钟呀，钟呀，神明的谴责），与周围小岛的钟声大合唱交织在一起。那儿有个客栈。有一年夏天我在那住过。在那写书，观察游客。在过去，托塞罗象一朵天空的孤云。现在却成了威尼斯的一个出游胜地。游客多得很。他们从班船，从租的机动船，从豪华的游艇，一下子涌进小岛。小岛都要容纳不了了。一天到晚，都有游客在纤路上漫步。他们在找什么？哥特式教堂贴着古老的马赛克，装饰成一幅地狱的景色。大部分已经重修了。还有一幅表情忧伤而庄重的圣母玛利亚象。拜占庭艺术是高品位的，要有专门知识的人才能欣赏的。游客中大概十有八九没有这个欣赏能力。他们信步走进教堂随便看看。他们走出教堂，到村子的绿茵上。在石椅上互相照相。这石椅据说是阿提拉的宝座。游客们无情地撕扯着野玫瑰。人们看着带花古朵的野玖瑰，盼着看它开放。这玫瑰花使小岛一天到晚沉浸在芳香中。可是它们一被摘取下来，这花就蔫了，所以就被扔进了运河。美国游客到饭店去吃喝。英国人说他们付不起账。所以他们自带食物，钻进葡萄园去吃。实在遗憾，等他们走时，就留下一片狼藉。每个星期四，德国人在一个领导的率领下，排队走在纤路上，好象是上战场的部队。在饭店，他们订下五十人的中餐，边吃边听领导用手提喇叭给他们上课。吃完饭，他们排队进教堂，在那儿又听一番讲解。至少，他们知道他们看了点什么。他们排队回去上船。他们利利落落不随地丢果皮杂物。
New words
gondolier, a man who propels a long, narrow canal boat with a cabin in the middle called gondola.
ferry, To transport (people, vehicles, or goods) by boat across a body of water
sandolos, (Ital.) flat-bottomed boats
pester, To harass with petty annoyances; bother.
Buona fortuna, (Ital.) Good fortune
chant, To speak monotonously
flapping, waving or fluttering:
Daily Mails, 每日邮报
Text
2 More interesting, however, than the behavior of the tourists is that of the islanders. As they are obliged, whether they like it or not, to live in public during the whole summer, they very naturally try to extract some financial benefit from this state of affairs. The Italian is a bon actor; between the first boat from Venice, at 11 a.m. and the last on which the ordinary tourist leaves at 6 p.m., the island is turned into a stage with all the natives playing a part Young men from Burano, the next island, dress up as gondoliers and ferry tourists from the steamer to the village in sandolos. One of them brings a dreadful little brother called Eric who pesters everybody to buy the dead bodies of sea-horses, painted gold. "Buona fortuna", he chants. I got very frond of Eric. Sweet-faced old women sit at the cottage doors selling postcards and trinkets and apparently making point de Venise lace. They have really got it, on sale or return, from relations in Burano, where it is made by young girls. Old women, with toil-worn hands, cannot do such fine work. It is supposed that the tourists are more likely to buy if they think they see the lace being made, but hardly any of them seem to appreciate its marvelous quality. Babies toddle about offering four-leafed clovers and hoping for a tip. More cries of "Buona fortuna". The priest organizes holy processions to coincide with the arrival of the steamer. And so the play goes on. .The tourists are almost incredibly mean, they hardly leave anything on the island except empty cigarette boxes and flapping Daily Mails. The lace is expansive, but they might buy a few postcards or shell necklaces and give the children some pennies; they seem to have hearts of stone.

B. The Islanders' activities during the daytime:
a) Italians are born actors.
b) The island is a stage
c) Everyone plays a part.
1) the young men
2) Eric
3) the old woman

4) the babies

5) the priests
译文
2 然而，和游客比起来，岛民的行为更有意思。不管他们意识到没有，他们被迫整个夏天要生活在游客的眼皮底下。他们自然就要从这情形中得到一点经济利益。意大利人是天生的演员。在11点的头班威尼斯客轮开来到下午6点的末班船离开之间，全岛变成一个舞台。岛民都是演员，扮演一个角色色。隔壁布拉诺岛上的年轻人，穿上船夫装，摇起平底船，把从汽艇上下来的游客摆度到村子里。有一个还带了一个顽皮地令人生畏的小弟弟。他叫埃里克，总是死缠着每一个人，要他们买他的染成金色的死海马。“祝你好运!”他唱道。我特别喜欢他。满脸堆笑、笑容可掬的老太太们，坐在家门旁，卖明信片和小饰物，还当众做着威尼斯式样的枕套花边。实际上，花边是她们从布拉诺拿的货，是那里的姑娘们做的。老妇人卖不出去，还可以退货。老太太的一双手，饱经风霜，净是老茧，是做不了这种细活的。她们之所以这样做，据说是因为要是游客看见它们是怎么织出来的，他们就更愿意买。但可惜没有几个人光顾，欣赏那做工。小小孩蹒跚地递上四叶苜蓿，想讨地点小费。又是一片“祝你好运!”的叫声。教士们也按轮船的班点，安排他们的宗教活动。戏就是这样上演着。游客们是不可想象地小气。除了空烟盒和飞舞的每日邮报，他们不留任何东西。花边太贵了。他们不买情有可原。但他们本可以买几张明信片，买几根贝壳项链，给上小孩几个便士。但他们看起来都是铁公鸡，一毛不拨。
New words
pillow, A decorative cushion
kitTen, A young cat
Text
3 As soon as the last boat has gone, down comes the curtain. The "gondoliers" shed their white linen jackets and silly straw hats and go back to Burano, taking Eric, highly dissatisfied with his earning and saying if this goes on he will die of hunger. The sweet old women let the smiles fade from their faces, put away their lace-making pillows, and turn to ordinary activities of village life such as drowning kittens. The father of the clover babies creeps about on his knees finding four-leafed clover for the next day. The evening reproaches ring out, the moon comes up, the flapping Daily Mails blow into the lagoon. Torcello is itself again.

C. Torcello becomes itself at night:
a) the gondoliers
b) the old women
c) the father of the clover babies
(From The Water Beetle)
译文
3 等到最后一班船一走，大舞台的帷幕就落下了。平底船夫脱掉亚麻夹克，摘下笨重的草帽，带上埃里克，回布拉诺。小埃里诺非常不满意他所挣到的钱。他说要是这样下去，他就要饿死了。慈祥的老太太也收起了她们的笑脸，把花边枕头放在一边，开始干起每天要干的溺死小猫之类的工作。卖苜蓿小孩的父亲，趴在地上，去找第二天要卖的四叶苜蓿。最后一次教堂钟声响过，月亮也出来了。飞舞的每日邮报刮进了湖中，托塞罗又恢复了原样。
（摘自《水龟虫》）
Reader and purpose
Ex.1
Because Miss Mitford says at the very beginning of this selection that it is impossible to avoid the tourists at Torcello, she is not a willing student of those animals.

Ex.2
Whether or not she studies them willingly, Miss Mitford is obviously critical of tourists. (Tourists seem to be disliked by everyone, even by other tourists.) Generally, however, she leaves her complaints implicit, contenting herself with simply describing what the visitors to Torcello do and allowing the facts to speak for themselves. For example, we can put in a nutshell: Probably not one in ten of the visitors has (gained) an acquired taste. They wandered into the church and looked around aimlessly. The tourists are almost incredibly mean, they hardly leave anything on the island except empty cigarette boxes and flapping Daily Mails.
If she had expressed them openly it would have been more offensive and less effective, and as a scholar, such a style is less suitable to her writing. In leaving her complaints implicit, the effect of sublimity is achieved in her writing. Otherwise, her ideas will seem superficial to the reader.

Ex.3
Miss Mitford considers the German tourist the least objectionable, judging from the ideas expressed in the sentences such as "They, at least, know what they are seeing." "They are tidy, they leave no litter." But they are like robots marching about and are very boring people, tidy but boring.
Ex.4
Although Miss Mitford ridicules the typical tourist, she resists the temptation to sentimentalize the natives of island, to render them better than life so as to make the visitors seem worse. The following details about the inhabitants of Torcello keep them human and not impossibly idealized:
The Italian is a born actor. (l.40)
Young men from burano dress up as gondoliers. (ll.43-44)
Sweet-faced old women sit at the cottage doors ... (ll.48-50)
Babies toddle about offering four-leafed clovers, and hoping for a tip...(ll.55-56)
More cries of "Buona fortuna." (l.56)
Organization
Ex.5
An outline of the selection:
A. Torcello which used to be lonely has recently become an outing from Venice.
a. Tocello's location
b. A general view of Tocello.

c. Too many visitors pour into it.
d. Most of them are ignorant and rude.
e. Concrete description of the visitors:
1. Americans.
2. Englishmen.
3. Germans
B. The Islanders' activities during the daytime:
a. Italians are born actors.
b. The island is a stage
c. Everyone plays a part.
1. the young men
2. Eric
3. the old woman
4. the babies
5. the priests
C. Torcello becomes itself at night:
a. the gondoliers
b. the old women
c. the father of the clover babies
Ex.6
The topic sentence of paragraph 1: Torcello which used to be lonely as a cloud has recently become an outing from Venice.
The topic sentence of paragraph 2: More interesting, however, than the behavior of the tourists is that of the islanders.
The topic sentence of paragraph 3: Torcello is itself again.
Ex.7
In the first part of paragraph 1, Miss Mitford tells us that Torcello used to be a peaceful and beautiful island, so it attracts lots of tourists to pour into it. Now its beauty is being ruined by those mean tourists. Thus her discussion of tourists is more convincing and makes the reader dislike them.
Ex.8
Paragraphs 2 and 3 are unified in part by the running metaphor which compares the island to a stage set and its inhabitants to actors. The third sentence of paragraph 2 "The Italian is a born actor..." sets up this comparison. "young man...", "Eric....", "Sweet old women....", "The priest ...", "And so the play goes on", and "...down comes the curtain" — all these continue the metaphor.
Ex.9
The third paragraph brings the selection nicely to a close because "Torcello is itself again" echoes with the first part of Paragraph 1.
Sentences
Ex.10
Miss Mitford's sentences are effectively varied. She uses short, direct statements, longer sentences with several subordinate constructions, interrupted movement, balanced sentences, and parallelism.
Short sentences:
I got every fond of Eric.
Torcello is itself again.
Long sentences: As they are obliged, whether they like it or not, to live in public during the whole summer, they very naturally try to extract some financial benefit from this state of affairs.
Interrupted movements: Bells from the campanile ring out reproaches three times a day ("cloches, cloches, divins reproches") joined by a chorus from the surrounding islands.
Balanced sentence: While they eat the leader lectures them through a megaphone.
Parallelism: Many more visitors than it can comfortably hold pour into it, off the regular steamers, off chartered motor-boats, and off yachts.
Fragment: More cries of bouna fortuna.
Ex.11
Scenes is in apposition to mosaics.
Ex.12
Miss Mitford uses the S + V sentence structure to help unify the portion of her first paragraph from lines 19-20 to line 35.
Ex.13
In the first original, aimless is put at the end of the sentence to arouse our surprise and to emphasize the ignorance of the tourists.
In the second original, at least is put for emphasis after the subject, thus a remarkable contrast is seen between the Germans and the other ignorant tourists.
The third original is an inverted sentence, which is more vivid with its suspension and end focus.
Diction
Ex.14
lagoon, a shallow channel or pond, near or communicating with a larger body of