怎样写英语文章的简短概括-(summary)PPT.ppt

Introduction of a summaryWriting a summaryWriting a summary Procedures of summary writing Writing skills What is a Summary?A summary is a shortened version,in your own words,of something you have read.It reproduces the theme of the original with as few words as possible.一个总结是用你自己的话概括压缩你读的东西。是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。A summary does not include your own opinions about what you read.All one has to do is to give a brief account of the authors exact meaning.n一个总结不包括你自己对你所读的东西的看法。n它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。Features of a summarynBrevity 简洁简洁简洁简洁nObjectivity 客观客观客观客观nCompleteness 全面全面全面全面Procedures of summary writing 1.Reading2.Writing3.Revision 认真阅读给定的原文材料，一遍不能理解就多读两遍，使理解更深刻；找出每一个主要段落的主题句。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾；遵循原文的逻辑顺序，简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、例证等你认为对概括缩写重要的东西；尽可能用自己的话来写,但不排斥用原文的某些词句；摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意；草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改。首先,看摘要中的重要观点有没有遗漏，是否与原文中的完全一致.其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的细节,删除它们，看是否符合规定的词数要求。第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误最后,保持语言简单明了。Example：As far back as I can remember,the large pickle jar sat on the floor beside the dresser in my parents bedroom.When Dad got ready for bed,he would 1)_ and toss his coins into the jar.When the jar was full,the coins were 2)_ in a small cardboard box and taken to the bank.The money were for 3)_.The years passed,and I finished college and took a job in another town.empty his pocketsstacked neatlymy college fundOnce,while visiting my parents,I found the pickle jar was gone.4)_ in my throat,because the pickle jar had taught me the values of 5)_.The first Christmas after my daughter Jessica was born,I returned with my family.6)_,on the floor beside the dresser stood the old pickle jar again.I realized my father was saving for 7)_.The jar shows 8)_ of family values for a new generation.determination,perseverance and faithA lump rose To my amazementmy daughters educationa continuityWriting skills缩写时可以采用下列几种小技巧：采用下列几种小技巧：1.删除细节，只保留主要观点。2.选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3.把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。Writing skills4.压缩长的句子。例如：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He has Money problems.”Writing skills5.你可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai,Lushan Mountain,and Mount Huang,were visited by only a few people in the past.Today,better wages,holidays with pay,new hotels on these mountains,and better train and bus services,have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为：Mountains like Mount Tai,once visited by a few people,but today by many,due to better wages,paid holidays,and better services.”Writing skills6.使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels,a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read in vacation.”Writing skills“She brought home several Chinese and English novels,a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read in vacation.”Writing skills7.使用最短的连接词。比 如，可 以 使 用 but,then,thus,yet,though，不能使用at the same time,in the first place,on the other hand等较长的连接词。8.文章中的第一人称说的话通常在缩写中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：A Diary of a Fresher The writer describes the first few days of university life in the diary with a casual,informal style full of humor and exaggeration.As a fresher,the writer has many problems:feeling lonely and lost,not having a good appetite for the food in the dining hall,feeling not as intelligent and knowledgeable as others;not knowing how to take notes and how to wash clothes.Besides,her dormitory looks very small.The tutor seems unfriendly and uncaring.The library rules are too strict.Example：The writer tries to solve the problems:joining many clubs and societies to make more friends,talking to Mum on the phone to get some comfort and advice.该篇文章：第一人称说的话在缩写中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化。总结 摘要写作是一种控制性的作文形式，读者吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。另外，能够培养读者抓住文章重点，在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括；既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。