英语长难句解读---括号法.ppt

解读长难句解读长难句-括号法括号法英语两大特点英语两大特点u英语的英语的变变“态态”-“形形意意的表象形式的表象形式”他喜欢读书他喜欢读书.He enjoys reading books.英语两大特点英语两大特点u逻辑逻辑这是这是(公园里的公园里的公园里的公园里的/美丽的美丽的美丽的美丽的)一朵花。一朵花。This is a flower.This a(beautify)(beautify)flower in the park.in the park.入门级规律入门级规律u主干成分：主干成分：汉汉语和语和英英语基本语基本一致；一致；英语中有若干英语中有若干固定句型固定句型；u修饰成分：修饰成分：汉语：修饰成分放在被修饰词前面汉语：修饰成分放在被修饰词前面英语：英语：较短修饰成分较短修饰成分放在被修饰词放在被修饰词前面；前面；较长修饰成分较长修饰成分放在被修饰词放在被修饰词后面后面；五种主干结构五种主干结构u主主+谓谓 I come.u主主+谓谓+宾宾 I love you.u主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾宾 I give you my heart.u主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补 You make me happy.u主主+系系+表表 You are my everything.把握英语句子，关键在于把握把握英语句子，关键在于把握“较长修饰成分较长修饰成分”“较长修饰成分较长修饰成分”介短介短从句从句非谓语非谓语“三长三长”-介词短语介词短语【识别标识】u从从介词介词开始到开始到名词名词终止终止at homeat homeIn the schoolIn the schoolduring my happy childhoodduring my happy childhoodover the last few yearsover the last few years“三长三长”-从句从句【识别标识】u引导词引导词+(主语主语)+谓语谓语+(宾语宾语)名从名从/定从定从/状从状从(When(When I was young,)I listened(to the radio.)Andrea is a teacher(who who teaches English.)Yao Ming(whowho was a top basketball player)is studying in Shanghai.“三长三长”-非谓语非谓语【识别标识】u非谓语动词非谓语动词 +名词名词 +副词副词(to do/doing/done)(to do/doing/done)Andrea is a teacher(teaching English.)(To improve my English,)I often chat with my foreigners.We,(sing a happy song,)rode to school.天下本无英语，只有天下本无英语，只有介短、从句、非谓语介短、从句、非谓语例句例句1：Andrea is teacher(teaching English)(in Beijing)(Which is the capital)(of China.)例句例句2：They will be able(to clear away the mystery)(of mathematics)(and face their studies)(with more confidence)(than they ever imagined.)注意：注意：注意：注意：“and”是造成阅读理解句子变难的重要是造成阅读理解句子变难的重要是造成阅读理解句子变难的重要是造成阅读理解句子变难的重要原因原因原因原因（平行并结构）。（平行并结构）。例句例句3：Davidsons article is one（of a number of pieces）（）（）（）（that have recently appeared）（）（）（）（making the point）（）（）（）（that the reason）（）（）（）（we have such stubbornly high unemployment and sagging middle-class incomes today）is largely（because of the big drop）（）（）（）（in demand）（because of the Great Recession,）it is also because of the quantum advances（in both globalization）and the information technology revolution,（which are more rapidly）（）（）（）（than ever）（replacing labor）（）（）（）（with machines or foreign workers。）英语进化论：英语进化论：This is a tiger.This is a big tiger.This is a tiger on the grass.This is a tiger that I saw before.This is a tiger running to the school.句子句子句子句子规规律律律律主干主干主干主干成分成分成分成分基本句型基本句型基本句型基本句型与与与与汉语汉语一致一致一致一致主主谓宾主系表主系表若干若干若干若干高高高高级级句型句型句型句型There b句型句型Its adj.for sb to do倒装句倒装句/强调句句修修修修饰饰成分成分成分成分修修饰词置于中心置于中心词之前之前较较短修短修短修短修饰词饰词-中心中心词之前之前之前之前较长较长修修修修饰词饰词-中心中心词之后之后之后之后短：短：形容形容词/副副词长长：介短：介短：介短：介短/从句从句从句从句/非非非非谓语谓语关于平行并列结构关于平行并列结构【定义定义定义定义】由由由由“并列词并列词并列词并列词”and/or/but/as well as/not onlybut and/or/but/as well as/not onlybut also./both and/eitheror/neither noralso./both and/eitheror/neither nor等，将两个或等，将两个或等，将两个或等，将两个或两个以上两个以上两个以上两个以上“含义相似，结构相同含义相似，结构相同含义相似，结构相同含义相似，结构相同”的的的的“并列项并列项并列项并列项”连接连接连接连接起来构成的结构，简记为起来构成的结构，简记为起来构成的结构，简记为起来构成的结构，简记为“A and BA and B”或或或或“A,B and CA,B and C”.如：如：如：如：mom and dad;mom and dad;Not only Bob but also James;Not only Bob but also James;Tom,Dick and Henry Tom,Dick and Henry原则上，原则上，只要是只要是只要是只要是“含义相似，结构相同含义相似，结构相同含义相似，结构相同含义相似，结构相同”的东西都的东西都的东西都的东西都能并列，所以，英语句子中可以并列的东西很多，读句子时能并列，所以，英语句子中可以并列的东西很多，读句子时能并列，所以，英语句子中可以并列的东西很多，读句子时能并列，所以，英语句子中可以并列的东西很多，读句子时要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列；如：要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列；如：要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列；如：要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列；如：名词并列：名词并列：名词并列：名词并列：Tom and Jerry are friends.Tom and Jerry are friends.形容词并列：形容词并列：形容词并列：形容词并列：Mr.Smith is a kind,patient and knowledgeable Mr.Smith is a kind,patient and knowledgeable English teacher.English teacher.副词并列：副词并列：副词并列：副词并列：You are supposed to answer the following You are supposed to answer the following questions quickly and accurately.questions quickly and accurately.动词并列：动词并列：动词并列：动词并列：With the Internet,people can not only play With the Internet,people can not only play computer games but also do online puter games but also do online shopping.介词短语并列：介词短语并列：介词短语并列：介词短语并列：And the government of the people,by the And the government of the people,by the people and for the people shall not perish from the world.people and for the people shall not perish from the world.从句并列：从句并列：从句并列：从句并列：Ive finished reading the book which is written by Ive finished reading the book which is written by Mo Yan and which you lent me last month.Mo Yan and which you lent me last month.非谓语动词的并列：非谓语动词的并列：非谓语动词的并列：非谓语动词的并列：Singing and laughing,we headed to the Singing and laughing,we headed to the park.park.整句并列：整句并列：整句并列：整句并列：The children can you with us or they can stay at The children can you with us or they can stay at home.home.如何断句如何断句&读懂句子读懂句子 “组件分析组件分析”三步法三步法【step1:预处理预处理】给给给给“三长三长”加括号，给加括号，给加括号，给加括号，给“并列词并列词”(and,or,but,as well as)(and,or,but,as well as)加方框，给加方框，给加方框，给加方框，给“并列项并列项”(A(A 和和和和B)B)加三角。加三角。加三角。加三角。【“A A and B B”】注注注注1:1:先找先找先找先找B B，后找，后找，后找，后找A A。A A和和和和B B结构相同，含义相似；结构相同，含义相似；结构相同，含义相似；结构相同，含义相似；例：例：例：例：I like I like the boxthe box(on the desk)(on the desk)and the flower and the flower(in your(in your hand)(which you promised)(to give me).hand)(which you promised)(to give me).【step1:预处理预处理】给给给给“三长三长”加括号，给加括号，给加括号，给加括号，给“并列词并列词”(and,or,but,as well as)(and,or,but,as well as)加方框，给加方框，给加方框，给加方框，给“并列项并列项”(A(A 和和和和B)B)加三角。加三角。加三角。加三角。【“A A and B B”】注注2：一旦出现下一旦出现下一旦出现下一旦出现下一个修饰成分，一个修饰成分，一个修饰成分，一个修饰成分，就果断地将上一修就果断地将上一修就果断地将上一修就果断地将上一修饰成分结束掉，不管上一修饰成分本身结束了没有。饰成分结束掉，不管上一修饰成分本身结束了没有。饰成分结束掉，不管上一修饰成分本身结束了没有。饰成分结束掉，不管上一修饰成分本身结束了没有。Andrea is teacher(teaching English)(in Beijing)(Which is the capital)(of China.)Andrea is teacher teaching English(in Beijing)Which is the capital(of China.)【step2:做直译做直译】一个括号一个括号翻译；一个括号一个括号翻译；一个括号一个括号翻译；一个括号一个括号翻译；Andrea is teacher(teaching English)(in Beijing)(Which is the capital)(of China.)Andrea是老师是老师-教英语教英语-在北京在北京-它是首都它是首都-中国的；中国的；注注注注3 3：英文是英文是“挂钩挂钩”的语言，每个括号里的第一个单词，的语言，每个括号里的第一个单词，都称为都称为“挂钩挂钩”单词，可以通过利用每个挂钩单词，可以通过利用每个挂钩“提问和提问和提问和提问和回答回答回答回答”，将一个个括号连接起来；将一个个括号连接起来；例句例句2：They will be able(to clear away the mystery)(of mathematics)(and face their studies)(with more confidence)(than they ever imagined.)注意：注意：注意：注意：”and”and”是造成阅读理解句子变难的重要英语（平行并是造成阅读理解句子变难的重要英语（平行并是造成阅读理解句子变难的重要英语（平行并是造成阅读理解句子变难的重要英语（平行并结构）。结构）。结构）。结构）。例句例句3：The multiplication tables are an exception(to the general rule)(that we forget rather quickly the things)(that we learn)(in school,(because they are another)(of the things(that we over learn)(in childhood.)【step3:调语序调语序】后修变前修，增删个别词后修变前修，增删个别词后修变前修，增删个别词后修变前修，增删个别词；Andrea is teacher(teaching English)(in Beijing)(Which is the capital)(of China.)Andrea是一个在中国首都北京教英语的老师；是一个在中国首都北京教英语的老师；Andrea是一个老师，他在中国的首都北京教英语。是一个老师，他在中国的首都北京教英语。“组件分析组件分析”三步法：三步法：例句例句4：After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon,I returned to my office.读懂句子：读懂句子：“同步视译同步视译”-边看边画，边翻边看边画，边翻主干部分直接翻主干部分直接翻主干部分直接翻主干部分直接翻遇见三长画括号遇见三长画括号遇见三长画括号遇见三长画括号提着问题往下翻提着问题往下翻提着问题往下翻提着问题往下翻调字调序写中文调字调序写中文调字调序写中文调字调序写中文 例句例句5：Hello.Its on of the first words we learned as babies,yet its one of the last word we think to use as adults.Thats unfortunate,because saying Hello is more than just saying hello;Its recognition of anothers worth.例句例句6：The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmer and at increasing interest in locally grown food.例句例句7：If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out,you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home,so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go例句例句8：Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.例句例句9：（单选易错题）：（单选易错题）The little girl decided to remain _ she was and wait for her mother.A.where B.whatC.howD.who用用“括号法括号法”提高口语实力提高口语实力1.1.读出读出语法：语法：(If you started)(to dry clothes)(in the morning)and forgot(to take them out),you can go(to your phone)and restart your dryer(for the time)(when come home),(so your clothes are refreshed and ready)(to go.)用用“括号法括号法”提高口语实力提高口语实力1.1.读出读出语法：语法：2.2.读出读出语感；语感；英语本来的样子；英语本来的样子；用用“括号法括号法”提高考试分数提高考试分数彻底看懂彻底看懂120篇高考阅读文章篇高考阅读文章必须必须“边看，边画，边翻边看，边画，边翻边看，边画，边翻边看，边画，边翻”（同步视译）（同步视译）（同步视译）（同步视译）练到练到3分钟分钟“画画”完并读懂完并读懂一篇高考阅读文章一篇高考阅读文章必须必须查生词查生词（查完抄到本上）（查完抄到本上）每天每天4-8篇，坚持篇，坚持15天天看不懂的句子看不懂的句子=提分点；提分点；OVEROVER