焊接工艺规程(WPS)和焊接人员资格的评定试验.pdf

AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2OO2Structural Welding Code Steel4.Qualification 评定4.0 Scope 范围The requirements for qualification testing of welding procedure specifications（WPSs）and welding personnel are described as follows:焊接工艺规程（WPS）和焊接人员资格的评定试验要求如下：Part AGeneral Requirements.通用要求This part covers general requirements of both WPS and welding personnel performance requirements.这一部分包括WPS和焊接人员资格这两部分的通用要求。Part BWelding Procedure Specification（WPS）.焊接工艺规程（WPS）This part covers the qualification of a WPS that is not classified as prequalified in conformance with Section 3.这一部分包拈焊接工艺规程（WPS）的评定，本章WPS不按第三章免除评定中对WPS的分类。Part CPerformance Qualification.资格评定This part covers the performance qualification tests required by the code to determine a welders,welding operators,or tack welders ability to produce sound welds.这一部分包括按规范要求进行的资格评定试验，以确定焊工、自动焊工或定位焊工加工完好焊缝的能力。Part AGeneral Requirements 通用要求4.1 General 概述The requirements for qualification testing of WPSs and welding personnel（defined as welders,welding operators,and tack welders）are described in this section.本章阐述了焊接工艺规程（WPS）和焊接人员（定义为焊工、自动焊工和定位焊工）资格的评定试验要求。4.1.1 Welding Procedure Specification（WPS）.焊接工艺规程（WPS）Except for prequalified WPSs in conformance with Section 3,a WPS for use in production welding shall be qualified in conformance with Section 4,Part B,and shall be approved by the Engineer.Properly documented evidence of previous WPS qualification may be accepted with the Engineers approval.The requirements listed in Annex IV,Table IV-1,Code Requirements That May be Changed by WPS Qualification Tests,may be varied when the WPS is qualified by tests.除符合第3章免除评定的WPS之外，产品焊接所用WPS必须按第4章B部份进行评定，且必须得到工程师的认可。以前的WPS评定有正式的文件证实，经工程师认可，可予以承认。列于附录IV中表IV1 可根据工艺评定试验 作修改的规范要求”，经WPS评定试验合格可予以改变。4.1.1.1 Qualification Responsibility.评定责任Each manufacturer or Contractor shall conduct the tests required by this code to qualify the WPS.Properly documented WPSs qualified under the provisions of this code by a company that later has a name change due to voluntary action or consolidation with a parent company may utilize the new name on its WPS documents.每一制造商或承包商必须进行本规范要求的试验以评定WPS,一个公司根据本规范的条款评定WPS并已形成适当文件，当后来由于自愿或与母公司合并而更名，则在WPS文件中可以应用新的名称。C4.1.1.1 Qualification Responsibility.评定责任All Contractors shall be responsible for their final product.Therefore,it is their responsibility to comply with the qualification requirements of the code relative to WPSs.Properly documented WPSs and personnel qualification tests conducted by the Contractor in conformance with this code are generally acceptable to the Engineer for the contract.所有承包商对他们的完工产品负有责任。因此，他们有责任遵守规范关于WPS的评定要求。承包商按照本规范进 行的专门书写的WPS和人员资格评定试验，通常由工程师根据合同认可。4.1.1.2 Previous WPS Qualification.以前的 WPS评定The Engineer may accept properly documented evidence of previous qualification of the WPSs that are to be employed.The acceptability of qualification to other standards is the Engineers responsibility,to be exercised based upon the specific structure,or service conditions,or both.AWS B2.1.XXX-XX Series on Standard Welding Procedure Specifications may,in this manner,be accepted for use in this code.工程师可以适当接受要使用的以前的WPS评定的文件证明。按其他标准所进行的评定合格与否系工程师的责 任，要根据特定的结构、或工作条件、或同时考虑两者而履行。如此，则关于标准焊接工艺规程的AWSB2.1XXX 一XX系列可以被接受而用于本规范。COPYRIGHT 2003;American Welding Society,Inc.Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584.Document provided by IHS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100,User=,04/24/200300:02:09 MDT Questions or comments about this message:please call the Document1AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2OO2Structural Welding Code Steel4.1.1.3 CVN Test Requirements.冲击试验要求When required by contract drawings or specifications,CVN tests shall be included in the WPS qualification.The CVN tests,requirements,and procedure shall be in conformance with the provisions of Annex III,or as specified in the contract documents.如合同图纸或技术规定要求作冲击试验，则必须将其包括在WPS评定中。冲击试验、要求和程序必须符合附录 III的条款或合同文件的规定。4.1.2 Performance Qualification of Welding Personnel.焊接人员的资格评定Welders,welding operators and tack welders to be employed under this code,and using the shielded arc welding SMAW,SAW,GMAW,GT AW,FCAW,ESW,or EGW processes,shall have been qualified by the applicable tests as described in Part C of this section（see Commentary）.在本规范规定范围内雇用的焊工、自动焊工和定位焊工，并且使用药皮焊条电弧焊（SMAW）、埋弧焊（SAW）、气体保护熔化极电弧焊（GMAW）、气体保护锯极电弧焊（GTAW）、药芯焊丝电弧焊（FCAW）、电渣焊（ESW）或气 电焊（EGW）方法，必须为已按本章C部分所述用适当试验通过了（资格）评定的人员。见条文说明。C4.1.2 Performance Qualification of Welding Personnel.焊接人员的资格评定The qualification tests are especially designed to determine the ability of the welders,welding operators,and tack welders to produce sound welds by following a WPS.The code does not imply that anyone who satisfactorily completes qualification tests can do the welding for which they are qualified for all conditions that might be encountered during production welding.It is essential that welders,welding operators,and tack welders have some degree of training for these differences.评定试验专门用以确定焊工、自动焊工和定位焊工遵循WPS加工完好焊缝的能力。规范并不认为任何顺利通过 评定试验者可以对付在焊接加工中碰到的业已经过评定的所有情况。重要的是焊工、自动焊工和定位焊工应对不同 条件作相应训练。Ideally,welders,welding operators and tack welders welding quenched and tempered high-strength steels should have experience welding such base metals.In lieu of such experience,the Contractor should ensure that the Contractors personnel receive instruction and training in the welding of such steels.It is further recommended that other personnel,such as fitters and thermal cutters（burners）involved in fabrication utilizing quenched and tempered high-strength steel be experienced or receive instruction and training prior to the start of thermal cutting operations.理想情况是，焊接调质高强度钢的焊工、自动焊工和定位焊工应当具有焊接这种母材的经验。作为这种经验的 替代，承包商应当保证其人员接受有关这种钢焊接的教育与训练。还要进一步建议的是：其他人员，例如在制作中 进行调质高强度钢的装配和热切割人员，也应该有经验或在热切割操作开始之前接受过教育与培训。4.1.21 Previous Performance Qualification.以前的资格评定Properly documented evidence of previous performance qualification of welders,welding operators and tack welders may be accepted with the Engineers approval.The acceptability of performance qualification to other standards is the Engineers responsibility,to be exercised based upon the specific structure,or service conditions,or both.Welders and welding operators qualified by standard test to AWS B2.1,Standard for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification,may,in this manner,be accepted for use in this code.经过工程师同意，焊工、自动焊工和定位焊工以前的资格评定的适当的文件证明可予承认。按其他标准进行的 资格评定合格与否系工程师的责任，要根据特定的结构、或工作条件、或同时考虑两者而履行。因此根据AWS B2.1焊接工艺和人员资格评定标准进行标准试验而评定合格的焊工和自动焊工在本规范范围内可予承认。4.1.2.2 Qualification Responsibility.评定责任Each manufacturer or Contractor shall be responsible for the qualification of welders,welding operators and tack welders,whether the qualification is conducted by the manufacturer,Contractor,or an independent testing agency.不论焊工、自动焊工和定位焊工的资格评定是由制造商、承包商、还是由一独立试验机构执行，每一制造商或 承包商都必须对此评定负责。4.1.3 Period of Effectiveness 有效期4.1.3.1 Welders and Welding Operators.焊工和自动焊工The welders or welding operators qualification as specified in this code shall be considered as remaining in effect indefinitely unless.（1）the welder is not engaged in a given process of welding for which the welder or welding operator is qualified for a period exceeding six months or unless.（2）there is some specific reason to question a welders or welding operators ability（see 4.32.1）.按本规范规定所作的焊工和自动焊工的评定必须被视为无限期有效，但有下述情况之一则失效：（1）该焊工或 自动焊工停止其已获资格评定焊接方法的操作达6个月以上。（2）因一些特定理由而对该焊工或自动焊工的能力 产生疑问（见4.32.1）.C4.1.3.1 Period of EffectivenessWelders and Welding Operators.有效期-焊工和自动焊工This subsection controls the expiration date of a welders qualification.The qualification remains in effect:（1）for six Document provided by IHS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100,User=,04/24/200300:02:09 MDT Questions or comments about this message:please call the DocumentCOPYRIGHT 2003;American Welding Society,Inc.Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584.2AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2OO2 Structural Welding Code Steelmonths beyond the date that the welder last used the welding process,or(2)until there is a specific reason to question the welder9 s ability.For(1),the requalification test need be made only in 3/8 in.10 mm thickness using plate or pipe or both.If the welder fails this test,then requalification shall follow the requirements of Section 4,Part C,Welding Personnel Performance Qualification.For(2),the type of test should be mutually agreed upon between the Contractor and the Engineer and shall be within the requirements of Section 4,Part C,Performance Qualification.本节规定焊工资格评定的有效期。下列情况资格评定失效：焊工最后一次使用此焊接方法起已超过六个月，或(2)由于特定理由焊工的能力受到怀疑。对于(1),只需用厚度为3/8 in.10mmJ的板材或管材，或两者兼有，进行重新 评定试验。如果该焊工的评定试验失败，那末，必须遵循第4章C部分关于焊接人员能力评定的要求重新进行评 定。对于(2),试验的类型应由承包商和工程师商定，并必须在第4章C部分关于能力评定的要求范围之内。4.1.3.2 Tack Welders.定位焊工A tack welder who passes the test described in Part C or those tests required for welder qualification shall be considered eligible to perform tack welding indefinitely in the positions and with the process for which the tack welder is qualified unless there is some specific reason to question the tack welders ability(see 4.32.2).定位焊工如果通过了 C部分所述的考核或通过了对焊工评定所要求的考核，则必须认为其在已评定考核的位置和 方法上能够无限期合格地进行定位焊操作，除非因一些特定理由对该定位焊工的能力产生怀疑(见4.32.2)。4.2 Common Requirements for WPS and Welding Personnel Performance QualificationWPS评定和焊接人员资格评定的共同要求4.2.1 Qualification to Earlier Editions.按早期版本的评定Qualifications which were performed to and met the requirements of earlier editions of AWS Dl.l or AWS D 1.0 or AWS D2.0 while those editions were in effect are valid and may be used.The use of earlier editions shall be prohibited for new qualifications in lieu of the current editions,unless the specific early edition is specified in the contract documents.执行并符合当时有效的AWS Dl.l或AWS DLO或AWS D2.0的较早版本的要求的评定仍然有效，并可使用。严禁 使用较早版本代替现行版本进行新的评定，合同规定采用较早版本的情况除外。4.2.2 Aging.时效When allowed by the filler metal specification applicable to weld metal being tested,fully welded qualification test specimens may be aged at 200F to 220F 95 to 105 for 48 2 hours.如用于评定试验的焊缝金属所对应的填充金属技术条件获得许可，则完全焊好的评定试验的试样可作200 220F(93 104)482h的时效处理。4.2.3 Records.记录Records of the test results shall be kept by the manufacturer or Contractor and shall be made available to those authorized to examine them.试验结果的记录必须由制造商或承包商保存，并必须备授权机构的检查使用。4.2.4 Positions of Welds.焊缝位置All welds shall be classified as flat(F),horizontal(H),vertical(V),and overhead(OH),in conformance with the definitions shown in Figures 4.1 and 4.2.按图4.1和4.2所示，所有焊缝必须分类为：平焊缝(F),横焊缝(H),立焊缝(V)和仰焊缝(OH)。Test assembly positions are shown in:试验组装件位置如下：(1)Figure图4.3(groove welds in plate板材坡口 焊缝)(2)Figure 图4.4(groove welds in pipe or tubing管材坡口 焊缝)(3)Figure图4.5(fillet welds in plate板材角焊缝)(4)Figure图4.6(fillet welds in pipe or tubing管材角焊缝)C4.2.4 Positions of Welds.焊缝位置This subsection defines welding positions for qualification test welds and production welds.Position is an essential variable for all of the WPSs,except for the EGW and ESW processes which are made in only one position.Each WPS shall be qualified for each position for which it will be used in fabrication.Relationships between the position and configuration of the qualification test weld and the type of weld and positions qualified are shown in Table 4.1.It is essential to perform testing and evaluation of the welds to be encountered in construction prior to their actual use on the job.This will assure that all the necessary positions are tested as part of the qualification process.本节规定用于评定试验焊缝和产品焊缝的施焊位置。除只用一种位置焊接的气电焊和电渣焊外，对所有WPS来 说，位置都是一个基本变素。必须对制作中所用的每一种位置进行每一种工艺的评定。评定试验焊缝位置和形状与 覆盖的焊缝类型和位置之间的关系如表4.1所示。在工作中实际使用之前重要的是对结构建造中要遇到的焊缝进 行试验和评估。作为评定程序的一部分，这将确保所有必要的焊接位置都经过试验。Document provided by IHS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100,User=,04/24/200300:02:09 MDT Questions or comments about this message:please call the DocumentCOPYRIGHT 2003;American Welding Society,Inc.Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584.3AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2OO2Structural Welding Code SteelPart BWelding Procedure Specification 焊接工艺规程(WPS)4.3 Production Welding Positions Qualified 评定覆盖的产品焊接位置The production welding positions qualified by a WPS shall conform to the requirements of Table 4.1.由WPS评定覆盖的产品焊接位置必须符合表4.1的要求。4.4 Type of Qualification Tests 评定试验的类型The type and number of qualification tests required to qualify a WPS for a given thickness,diameter,or both,shall conform to Table 4.2(CJP),Table 4.3(PJP)or Table 4.4(fillet).Details on the individual NDT and mechanical test requirements are found in the following subsections:对于给定厚度、给定直径、或两者均给定情况下，为评定一种WPS而要求的试验类型和数量必须符合表4.2(CJP)、表4.3(PJP)或表4.4(角焊缝)的规定。各无损检测(NDT)和力学性能试验的详细要求见下述各小节：(1)Visual Inspection 目检(see 见4.8.1)(2)NDT 无损检测(see 4.8.2)(3)Face,root and side bend正面弯曲、根部弯曲和侧面弯曲(see见4.8.3.1)(4)Reduced Section 缩减断面试验(see 见4.8.3.4)(5)All-Weld-Metal Tension 全焊缝金属拉伸(see 见4.8.3.6)(6)Macroetch 宏观腐蚀(see见 4.8.4)C4.4 Type of Qualification Tests 评定试验的类型Table 4.2 summarizes the requirements for the number and type of test specimens and the range of thicknesses qualified.A test plate thickness of 1 in.25 mmj or over qualifies a WPS for unlimited thickness.The 1 in.25 mmj thickness has been shown to generally reflect the influence of weld metal chemistry,heat input,and preheat temperature on the weld metal and HAZ.The term direction of rolling was made optional in the 1988 edition,although the mechanical properties of steel plate may vary significantly with the direction of rolling and may affect the test resultsFor example,tensile strength and impact toughness are often greater in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction unless cross rolling is used.Similarly,the rolling direction shown in the sketches often gives better results in the bend tests.For some applications,toughness results are required and the direction of rolling should be referenced on the test results.表4.2概括了对评定试样的数量和类型、以及所覆盖的厚度范围的要求。等于或超过1 in25mm的试板厚度覆盖 了任何厚度的工艺的评定。1 in425mm的厚度已证明一般能反映焊缝金属的化学成分、线能量和预热温度对焊缝 金属和热影响区的影响。.虽然钢板的力学性能随轧制方向有明显变化，且能影响试验结果，但在1988年版本中还 是将轧制方向”作为非强制性术语。例如，除非使用横向轧制法，否则钢板的拉伸强度和冲击韧性常常是纵向的 大于横向的。类似地，简图中所示的轧制方向弯曲试验常常能提供较好的弯曲试验结果。在某些应用中要求提供韧 性试验结果，应在试验结果上注明轧制方向。The WPS qualification for pipe includes conditions for large diameter job size pipe.This is intended for WPS qualification of large diameter pipe by automatic welding processes,such as SAW,and may be applied to any welding process that can be used on large diameter pipe,but not on 8 in.200 mm Sch.120 pipe.管材的WPS评定包括大尺寸直径管材工件的状况，其意图是对自动焊方法(例如埋弧焊)焊接的大直径管进行WPS 评定，并且可以适用于能够在大直径管(不包括8 in200mmJ Sch.120管)上使用的任何焊接方法。4.5 Weld Types for WPS Qualification WPS评定的焊缝类型For the purpose of WPS qualification,weld types shall be classified as follows：为做WPS评定，焊缝类型作如下分类：(1)CJP groove welds for Nontubular Connections 非管材连接的接头完全熔透(CJP)坡口焊缝(see 见4.9)(2)PJP groove welds for Nontubular Connections 非管材连接的接头部分熔透(PJP)坡 口焊缝(see见 4.10)(3)Fillet Welds for Tubular and Nontubular Connections 管材和非管材连接的角焊缝(see见 4.11)(4)CJP groove welds for Tubular Connections 管材连接的接头完全熔透(CJP)坡 口焊缝(see见 4.12)(5)PJP groove welds for Tubular T-,Y-,and Kconnections and Butt Joints.管材T、Y和K形连接和对接接头的接头部分熔透(PJP)坡口焊缝(see见4.13)(6)Plug and Slot welds for Tubular and Nontubular Connections 管材和非管材连接的塞焊缝和槽焊缝(see 见4.14)4.6 Preparation of WPS WPS准备The manufactur