高中定语从句(答案版)(2016.4)(1).doc

定语从句学案和练习
一. 定语从句的基本定义
放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.
先行词 关系代词
Hospital is a place where a doctor works.
先行词 关系副词
二. 关系词的分类
1. 关系代词：
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as
2. 关系副词
关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where, why

三. 关系代词的基本用法
1. 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词
指代的先行词
充当从句的成分
who
人
主语，宾语，表语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
whose
人或物
定语（+n）
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
① who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
A person who steals things is called a thief.
②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
④that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
⑤whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。
We live in a house whose windows face south.
This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.
2. 关系代词的用法注意点
(1)以下情况只能用that。
①当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：
The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.
②当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
③当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如：
This is the very book that I am looking for these days.
④当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：
This is all that I want from the school.
⑤当先行词中有人又有物时。如：
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
（2） 以下情况不用that：
1.介词之后。指物用which，指人用whom.
The city in which she lives is far away.
He is the student with whom I sit.
2.引导非限制性定语从句
I am reading Harry Porter, which is an interesting book.
巩固练习1： 用适当的关系词填空
1). Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _____________ I gave her.
2). The man leg broke in a match used to be a good football player.
3).The girl __________is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.
4). The girl _________________our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.
5). The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak English very well.
6). I can’t find the book ____________is borrowed from the library.
7). I can’t find the book ________________you lent to me.
8) The first lesson _______ I learned will never be forgotten.
9) All ________ we have to do is to practice every day.
10) They talked of things and persons __________ they remembered in the school.
11) The man to ______ I spoke is from Canada.
12) I am reading Harry Porter, ______ is an interesting book.
[答案] 1. which/ that 2. whose 3. who/that
4.who/whom/that 5. whose 6. which/that 7. which/that 8. that 9. that 10.that 11. whom 12. which

四. 关系副词的用法
1. 关系副词的基本用法
关系副词
指代的先行词
充当从句的成分
when
表时间的名词/名词词组
时间状语
where
表地点的名词/名词词组
地点状语
why
表原因的名词
原因状语

①用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：
I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.
My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out.
②用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：
This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.
The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.
③用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“for+关系代词”。如：
There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.
Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.
④先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。
I didn't like the way _______________ she talked to me.
The way _________________he teaches English is interesting.
（that/in which） （that/in which）
巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空
1) October 1, 1949 was the day ________China was founded.
2) Beijing is the place _______ I live.
3) Is this the reason ________ he didn’t want to see me?
4) Is this the room ________ we were living last winter?
5) The days are gone _______we used “foreign oil”.
6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _______we discussed many problems.
[答案]1.when/on which 2. where/in which 3.why/for which4. where/in which 5. when/during which 6. where/at which
巩固练习3: 对比练习：用适当的关系词填空
1). The room ___________________ he once lived is still there.
The room _________ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.
2). I will never forget the day _______________ I met you.
I will never forget the day ______________ we spent together.
3). The reason _____________ I don’t know is known to him.
The reason ________________ I don’t know the thing is that I was not there at that time.
4).. I’ll never forget the days _____________ we worked together.
I’ll never forget the days __________ we spent together.
5). I went to the place ______________ I worked ten years ago.
I went to the place __________ I visited ten years ago.
6). This is the reason _____________ he was late.
This is the reason __________ he gave。
[答案]1. where/in which (that/which) 2. when/on which (that/which) 3. (that/which) why/for which 4. when/ in which (that/which)
5. where /in which (which/ that) 6. why /for which that/ which

五、 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 介词 + 关系代词（在句中作状语）= 关系副词
1）介词的选用考虑与先行词的搭配关系或与谓语动词的搭配习惯
2）介词＋whom/which
The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.=
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.=
This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.
巩固练习4: 用适当的关系词填空
1. My grandpa was born in 1939 ______ the World WarⅡ broke out.
2. Kun Ming is a beautiful place ______ flowers are seen all the year round.
3. The song, ________ we are interested will be broadcast tonight.
4. He is the hero ________ we are proud.
5. This is the college ________ we’ll visit a famous actor.
6. The earth ________ we live is a big round ball.
7. Do you like the book ________ she spent $10?
8. Do you like the book ________ she paid $10?
9. Do you like the teacher __________ she learned a lot?
10. Do you like the teacher ___________ we are talking?
[答案]1. in which/ when 2. in which/ where 3. in which 4.of whom 5. in which 6.on which 7. on which 8. for which 9. from whom 10.about whom
2. 名词/代词/数词+介词of+关系代词：
They live in a house, the door of which faces south.
There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard.
Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.

六、关系代词as引导定语从句
1. as引导限定性定语从句：先行词有such, the same时，要用as。
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
Would you like to buy the same pen as I have?
2. as引导非限定性定语从句：代替整个句子，as从句位于句首、句中或句末。as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。as多用于下列习惯用语中：
as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样
as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as has been said before 如上所述
as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的
As is well known, the earth goes around the sun.
The earth is round, as we all know.
注意比较：
As is known to all, the earth is round.
It is known to all that the earth is round.
3. as, which引导非限制定语从句时的区别
1) 从意义上来看，which可以译为“这/那”；as译为“正如、象”
The student forgot to bring his dictionary, as is often the case.
The student forgot to bring his dictionary, which made the teacher angry.
2）as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在句首，又可在句末；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能用句末。如：
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth.
The moon travels round the earth, as is known to all.
3）当非限制性定语从句谓语为被动形式时，习惯上用as引导。这种用法有的已形成固定的句式。如 as is known to all（众所周知）,as is said above（如上所述）,as has been pointed out（像所指出的那样）等。
4）在非限制性定语从句中用作实义动词“make, upset, delay, worry”等的主语时，用which引导.
e.g. His dog died, which made him very sad.
5) 当非限制性定语从句为否定句时，常用which引导.
Mr. Smith praised her in public, which she didn’t like so much.
巩固练习5:用适当的关系词填空
1. He married her, ______ was natural.
2. He is honest, ______ we can see.
3. ______ is known to all, China is a developing country.
4. He is from the south, ______we can know from his accent.
5. John, ______ you know, is a famous writer.
6. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, ______ I don’t believe.
7. Tom was late for school again and again,______ made his teacher very angry.
8. These tables are made of metal,______ made them very heavy.
9. I’ve never heard such stories ______ he tells.
10. This is the same dictionary ______I lost last week.
[答案]1. which 2. as 3. As 4. as 5. as 6.which 7. which 8. which 9. as 10. as

七、限定性、非限定性定语从句
1. 限定性定语从句是对先行词起限定作用的。去掉这个从句则整句话不完整或不成立，翻译成一个句子。
Eg: He who doesn’t go to the Great Wall is not a true man.
-----He is not a true man.不完整
This is the place where we lived for 5 years.

-----This is the place. (不明确,不完整)
The moon cake that has egg in it is the moon cake which I like best.
The moon cake is the moon cake.不成立
大多数定语从句是限定性定语从句。
2. 非限定性定语从句是对先行词起解释、说明作用的。去掉这个从句整句话仍成立, 用逗号隔开，翻译成两个句子。
Eg: I have a dog, which can do many things for me.
The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.

注意：
1）that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
He failed in the exam, that made his mother very angry.(错,应用which)
2）在非限制性定语从句中whom作宾语时，通常不可用who代替。
This is the girl whom/who I met in the street.（限制性）
The young man had a new friend, whom he wanted to impressed.（非限制性）

3）关系词在引导限制性定语从句时作宾语时，可以省略，但在引导非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
This is the book (that/which) he lost yesterday. （限制性）
The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found. （非限制性）

3. 一定要用非限制性定语从句的情况：
1) 当先行词指地名或人名尤其是伟人时。
London, which lies on the River Thames, is the capital of England.
2) 当先行词是指世界上独一无二的东西时。
The moon, which doesn’t give light itself, is the satellite of our earth.
3) 当先行词是指生身父母时。
My father, who is a doctor, lives in London.
4) 当先行词指合法婚姻的夫妇时。
His wife, who loves him very much, is sometimes angry with him.
5) 当关系代词which, as代表整个主句的意义时。
They are hollow, which makes them very light.

定语从句综合练习
一)、用恰当的词填空
1. I don’t want to hire the boy _whose___father is now in prison.
2. Jo included some photos __ that_ would help Rosemary picture the places about __which________ she talked.
3. Do you know the man to __whom________ you were talking?
4. The train __which/that_has just left is for Shanghai.
5. Everything __that_______can be done has been done.
6. His was the second composition __that__ was handed in.
7. I’ll never forget the day ___when____ I first met him.
8. I’ll never forget the day __that/which____ I spent with my old friends.
9. Do you know the reason _why ____he left here?
10. Do you know the reason __that/which_____ he explained to his father?
11. Please think of a place __where__ we can go for dinner.
12. Please think of a place __that/which _ we can visit.
13. They talked for about half an hour of the things and persons _that__ they remembered in school.
14. About 2000 people worked on the project, many of _whom_ were those who had been out of work.
15. Have you seen the film “Titanic” whose leading actor is world-famous?
16. Is this the house where Shakespeare was born?
17. George Orwell, whose real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
18. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, where other visitors seldom go.
19. Anyone who has money can join the group.
20. Here are players from America, some of __whom__ are our old friends.
21. China is a country with a long history, as is known to all.
22. As is known to all, China is a country with a long history.
23. He has three daughters, all of whom are doctors.
24. He has three daughter, and all of them are doctors.
25. She took photos of people and things that she was interested in.
26. Your disease is not the case that it used to be.
27. He still lives in the room which/that is in the north of the city.
28. He still lives in the room where there is a beautiful table.
29. He is such a good teacher that we all like him.
30. He is such a good teacher as we all like.
二)、合并和翻译句子
1. Beijing has a long history. Beijing is the capital of China. (合并两个句子)
Beijing, which has a long history, is the capital of China.
Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history.
2. I remembered the soldier. He told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.
(合并两个句子).
I remembered the soldier who told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.
3. Xi’an is one of the few cities with city wall. Its walls remain as good as before.
(合并两个句子)
Xi’an, whose walls remain as good as before, is one of the cities with city wall.
4. Xi’an is one of the few cities with city wall. The walls of Xi’an remain as good as before.
(合并两个句子)
Xi’an, the walls of which remain as good as before, is one of the few cities with city wall.
5. The college is a famous one. He studied in the college for four years. (合并两个句子)
The college where/in which he studied for four years is a famous one.
6. He said that he had never seen her before. It was not true.(合并两个句子)
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
7. The day will come. We’ll meet again on the day. (合并两个句子)
The day will come when/on which we’ll meet.
8. The colorless gas is called oxygen. Fire burns much better in oxygen. (合并)
The colorless gas where/in which fire burns much better is called oxygen.
9. The reason is not very convincing. He came for the reason.(合并)
The reason why/for which he came is not convincing.
10. I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book (我女儿能读懂这本书) and know my feelings for her.
11. Have you seen the film“Titanic”，whose leading actor is world-famous. (它的男主角是世界闻名的)
12. He has three sons, none of whom is an engineer. (没有一个是工程师)
13. 这就是我们前几天讨论的电视连续剧。(用定语从句翻译)
It is the TV series about which we talked the other day.
It is the TV series which/that we talked about the other day.
14. 帮助那个女孩脱离困境的是谁？
Who was the person that helped the girl out?
15.他为什么看上去不开心是因为他被老师惩罚。
The reason why he looks unhappy is that he was punished by his teacher.
16.我们公司的人都知道,他很肤浅。（用非限制性定语从句翻译）
As is known to us all in our company, he is shallow.
15.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。
A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprised all the people present.
三)、单句改错
1. The book that I borrowed it（去掉it） from the library is well written.
2. The house stood at the place which （改成where）the roads meet. 
3. Did you see the young man whom（改成who） was chosen the League secretary? 
4.We shall visit the university where my father teaches there（去掉there）.
5.Can you think of anyone who’s（改成whose） house is on a pile of rocks?
6.The day which（改成when） I was to start arrived at last. 
7.I have known the reason which（改成why） she is so worried. 
8.This is the girl who practice（改成practices） playing the piano every day. 
9. The watch which her mother gave it（去掉it） to her works very well. 
10. Is she the girl her（改成whose） grandfather was a Red Army man? 
11. Which（改成As） is known to all, the earth is round.
12. It is such a hot day as（改成that） I want