英语四级综合知识要点汇编.pdf

英语四级综合知识要点汇编提纲式作文1.对立观点式A.有人认为X 是好事，赞成X,为什么？B.有人认为X是坏事，反对X,为什么？C.我的看宏0Some people are in favor of the id ea of d oing X.They point out the fact that 支持 X 的第一个原因 They also argue that 支持X的另一个原因。However,other people stand on a d ifferent ground.They consid er it harmful to d o X.They firmly point out that 反对 X 的 第一个理由。An example can give the d etails of this argument:一个例子。There is some truth in b oth arguments.But I think the ad vantages of X overweigh the d isad vantages.In ad d ition to the ab ovementioned negative effects it might b ring ab out,X also may X的有一个坏处。2.批驳观点式A.一个错误观点,B.我不同意。M ary people argue that 错误观点。By saying that,they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（Accord ing to a survey performed b y X on a group of Y,almost 80%of them 赞成 这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）There might b e some element of truth ir these people s b elief.But if we consid er it ir d epth,we will feel no reservation to conclud e that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a numb er of reasons b ehind my b elief.（以下参照辩论文 的议论文写宏）o3.社会问题（现象）式A.一个社会问题或者现象。B.产生的原因C.对社会和我们生活的影响D.如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）E.前景的预测。Nowad ays,there exists ar increasingly serious sod al/ecoromic/ervirormerital prob lem.（X has increasingly b ecome a common concern of the pub lic）.Accord ing to a survey,调查内藤说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。There are a couple of reasons b ooming this prob lem/pheromerion.下面参照辩论式议论文的写序。X has caused sub stantial impact on the society and our d aily life,which has b eer articulated 裹达）ir the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写序。A d ozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from b ringing us more harm.参照辩论式议论文的写宏。Based on the ab ove d iscussions,I car easily forecast that more and more people will.写作模板-图表式作文It is ob vious ir the graph/tab le that the rate/rumb er/amourit of Y has und ergone d ramatic charges.It has gone up/grown/faller/d ropped consid erab ly ir recent years（as X varies）.At the point of（接近）X1,Y reaches its peak value of（多少）.What is the reason for this charge?M ainly there are 一（多少）reasons b ehind the situation reflected ir the graphic/tab le.First of all,（第一个原因）M ore importantly,（第二个原因）.M ost important of all,（第三 个原因）.From the ab ove d iscussions,we have enough reason to pred ict what will happen in the near future.The trend d escrib ed in the graph/tab le will continue for quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken 括号里 的使用 于那 些不太好的变化趋势).写作模板辩论式议论文模版1Some people b elieve(argue,recognize,think)that 观点 1.But other people take an opposite sid e.They firmly b elieve that 观点 2.As for me,I agree to the former/latter id ea.There are a d ozen of reasons b ehind my b elief.First of all,论据LM ore importantly,论据 2.M ost important of all,论据 3.In summary,总结观点.As a college stud ent,I am supposed to表决心.或 From ab ove,we can pred ict that 预测.模版2People hold d ifferent views ab out X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点 1,while others point out that 观点 2.As far as I am concerned,the former/latter opinion hold s more weight.For one thing,论据 1.For another,论据 2.Last b ut not the least,论据 3.To conclud e,总结观点.As a college stud ent,I am supposed to表决心.或 From ab ove,we can pred ict that 预测.模版3There is no consensus kanisensas 致 of opinions among people ab out X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点 1,while others take an opposite sid e,firmly b elieving that 观点 2。As far as I am concerned,the former/latter notion（观念）is preferab le in many senses.The reasons are ob vious.First of all,论据 1 0Furthermo 论据 2。Among all of the supporting evid ences,one is the strongest.That is,论据 3。A natural conclusion from the ab ove d iscussion is that 总结 观点。As a college stud ent,I am supposed to 表决心.或 From ab ove,we can pred ict that 预测 常用句型：1.表示原因1）There are three reasons for this.2)The reasons for this are as follows.3)The reason for this is ob vious.4)The reason for this is not far to seek.5)The reason for this is that.6)We have good reason to b elieve that.例：There are three reasons for the charges that have taker place ir ourlife.Firstly,people s living stand ard has b eer greatly improved.Second ly,most people are well paid,and they car afford what they reed or like.Last b ut not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy mod ern life.注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great charges have taken place ir our life.There are three reasons for this.这样写可以 避免套用 中 的表达失误02.表示好处1)It has the following ad vantages.2)It d oes us a lot of good.3)It b enefits us quite a lot.4)It is b eneficial to us.5)It is of great b enefit to us.例：Books are like friend s.They car help us know the world b etter,and they can open our mind s and wid en our horizons.Therefore,read ing extensively is of great b enefit to us.3.表示坏处1)It has more d isad vantages than ad vantages.2)It d oes us much harm.3)It is harmfulto us.例：However,everything d ivid es into two.Television car also b e harmful to us.It car d o harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.4 表示重要、必要、国难、方便、可能1)It is important(necessary,d ifficult,convenient,possib le)for sb.to d o sth.2)We think it necessary to d o sth.3)It plays ar important role ir ourlife.例：Computers are row b eing used everywhere,whether ir the government,ir schools or ir b usiness.Soon,computers will b e found ir every home,too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing ar increasingly important role ir our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.5.表示措施1)We should take some effective measures.2)We should try our b est to overcome(conquer)the d ifficulties.3)We should d o our utmost ir d oing sth.4)We should solve the prob lems that we are confronted(faced)with.例：The housing prob lem that we are confronted with is b ecoming more and more serious.Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve it.6.表示变化1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.2)A great charge will certainly b e prod uced ir the world s commuricatiors.3)The computer has b rought ab out(导致)many charges ir ed ucation.例：Some charges have taken place ir peoples d iet ir the past five years.The major reasons for these charges are not far to seek.Nowad ays,more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein,and from fruit and vegetab le to milk for vitamins.7.表示事实、现技1)We carrot ignore the fact that.2)No one car d eny the fact that.3)There is no d enying the fact that.4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.5)However,that s not the case.例：We carrot ignore the fact that ind ustrialization b rings with it the prob lems of pollution.To solve these prob lems,we car start b y ed ucating the pub lic ab out the hazard s(危害)of pollution.The government on its part should also d esign stricter laws to promote a clearer environment.8.表示匕匕较1)Compared with A,B.2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.3)There is a striking contrast b etween them.例：Compared with cars,b icycles have several ad vantages b esid es b eing afford ab le.Firstly,they d o not consume natural resources of petrol(石 油).Second ly,they d o not cause the pollution prob lem.Last b ut not least,they contrib ute to people s health b y giving them d ue physical exercise.9.表示数量1)It has increased(d ecreased)from.to.2)The population in this city has now increased(d ecreased)to 80 0,0 0 0.3)The output of July ir this factory increased b y 15%compared with that of January.例：With the improvement of the living stand ard,the proportion(匕匕例)of people s income spent on food has d ecreased while that spent on ed ucation has increased.再如：From the graph listed ab ove,itcar b e seen that stud ent use of computers has increased from ar average of less than two hours per week ir 1990 to 20 hours ir 20 0 0.注：“From the graph listed ab ove,it car b e seer that 见句式12。考生将句式9和句式12结合在一起，便可较好 地写出2002年6月CET-4、6短文写作的第一段。1。表示看此1)People have(take,ad opt assume)d ifferent attitud es toward s sth.2)People have d ifferent opinions on this prob lem.3)People take d ifferent views of(on)the question.4)Some people b elieve that.O thers argue that.例：People have d ifferent attitud es toward s failure.Some b elieve that failure lead s to success.Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed end eavor.However,others are easily d iscouraged b y failures and put themselves into the category(种类)of losers.再如：Do lucky numb ers really b ring good luck?Different people have d ifferent views on it.注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一 写作方宏。11.表示结论1)In short,it can b e said that 2)It may b e b riefly summed up as follows.3)From what has b een mentioned ab ove,we can come to the conclusion that 例：From what has b een mentioned ab ove,we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary,however,its method should b e improved.注：例句1可用于任何个段落的结论句；例句3则多 用文章结论段的第一句。12.套语1)It s well known to us that 2)As is known to 3)This is a topic that is b eing wid ely talked ab out.4)From the graph(tab le,chart)listed ab ove,it car b e seer that 5)As a proverb(谚语)says,“Where there is a will,there is a way.例如：As is well known to us,it is important for the stud ents to know the world outsid e campus.The reason for this is ob vious.Nowad ays,the society is charging and d eveloping rapid ly,and the campus is no longerar“ivory tower.As college stud ents,we must get ir touch with the world outsid e the campus.O rly ir this way car we ad apt ourselves to the society quickly after we grad uate.再J。：Does it pay to b e honest?This is a topic that is b eing wid ely talked ab out and d ifferent people have d ifferent opinions on it.Along with the ad vance of the society more and more prob lems are b rought to our attention,one of which is that-，.随着社会的不断发展，出现了越耒越多的问题，其中之一便 是。As to whether it is a b lessing or a curse,however,people take d ifferent attitud es.然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看宏。Hold d ifferent attitud es 持不同的看宏（观点、态度）Come up with d ifferent attitud es 有不同的看法。As society d evelops,people are attaching much importance to.随着社会的发发，人们开始关注.People are attaching more and more importance to the interview d uring job hurting求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。As to whether it is worthwhile：.,there is a longrunning controversial d eb ate.It is quite raturalthat people from d ifferent b ackground s may have d ivergent attitud es toward s it.关于是否值得 的问题，一直以耒争论不休。当 然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。Ir the process of mod ern urb an d evelopment,we often find ourselves ir a d ilemma.在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。Recently the phenomenon has aroused wid e concern,some people are in alarm that最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心The human race has entered a completely new stage ir its history,with the increasingly rapid economic glob alization and urb anization/more prob lems are b rought to our attention.人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市 化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带耒了很多问题。.plays such an important role that it und eniab ly b ecomes the b iggest concern of the present world,there comes a question,is it a b lessing or a curse?显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的 问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是：“我们该如何抉择?”Now we are entering a new era,full of opportunities and challenges,现在我们正在进入个充满机会和挑战的新时代。People from d ifferent b ackground s would put d ifferent interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。The controversial issue is often b rought into pub lic focus.People from d ifferent b ackground s hold d ifferent attitud es toward s the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人 对此 问题的看宏也不尽相同。When asked/some people think.while someprefer.说到一，有人认为一，而另一些人则认为Just as the saying gons:so many people,so many mind s.It is quite und erstand ab le that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗话说，”“。不同的人对此有不同的看宏是可以理解的。To this issue,d ifferent people come up with various attitud es.对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。There is a good sid e and a b ad sid e to everything,it goes without saying that万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，When it comes to，most people b elieve that/b ut other people regard as.提到.问题，彳艮多人认为 不过，一些人则认为_ 聂.When faced withquite a few people claim that b ut other people think as提到 问题，伙少数人认为,但另一些人则认为。There is a pub lic controversy nowad ays over the issue of.There who criticize argue that they b elieve that,b ut people who favor on the other hard,argue that 目前，问题争议较大。批判 的人认为,他4n认为,不过，另一方面，赞同的人则认为。Some people are of the opinion that.有些人认为。M ary people claim that彳艮多人认为 A majority of 绝大多数A large numb er of 很多人Some people contend that has proved to b ring many ad vantages(d isad vantages)有些人认为.有很多有利之处(不利之处)。Those who argue for say that economic d evelopment of the cities.觉得一 的人认为，城市的经济发展。Some people ad vocate that.有些人在坚特认为一。They hold that 他们认为。People,who ad vocate that/have their sound reasons(ground s)坚特认为 的人也i有其说宏(依据)。Those who have alread y b enefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.那些从中受盍的人对此大家褒奖。Those who strongly approve of have cogent reasons for it.强烈认同一 的人有很多原因。M ary people would claim that有人会认为。People who support give some or all of the followingreasons.那些支持一 观点的人列出了如下原因：But others hold the view that但是，另夕卜一些人则认为一 9观点的用词：Attitud e,opinion,与其搭配的动词以及词 组：Take,have,come up with,set forth,put forward 等。But on the other hand,there are also quite a few people who strongly ad vocate that.,.不过，另一方面，也i有少部分人坚特认为OBut people who are，on the other hand/maintain that 不过，另一方面，的人认为.。However,there are a large numb er of people who hold a d ifferent view concerning this case.然而，很多人对此有不同的看在。问题用词：Issue,phenomenon,后接介词，on,over等。However,some others argue that 然而，另一些人则 认为一。However.there are also some others who contend that.然而，也I有人认为 OBut other people set forth completely totally d ifferent argument concerning this case.不过，对于此，另一些人则持完全不同的观点。Some people examine this issue from another angle.有的人用另一角度耒看这一问题。O n the other hand,there are also many opponents who strongly 另一方面，也有彳也多反对的人，他们认为Accord ing to my personality and fond ness,I would prefer rather than根据我的个性以及兴趣，我选择 而不会选择oPersonally,I sid e with the latter(former)opinion就我个人而言，我支持后者(前者)。Personally,I am in favor of the former point of view.就我个人而言，我较同意前I种看下oTo my point of view 我认为To my mind,the ad vantages far overweigh the ckawb acks(d isad vantageS/shortcomings)我认为，优点胜过缺点。For my part,I stand on sid e of the latter opinion that.就我而言，我较赞同后一种观点.。As far as I am concerned,I am inclined to b e on the sid e of the latter view.在我看耒，我较同意后一种观点。After a thorough consid eration,for my part,I am ir favor of the latter view that经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看宏，亦即If asked to make a d ecision,I would prefer.如果真的需要作出选择，我宇愿 O/现问题篇问题的常 用词：question,prob lem,issueRecently,the issue of.has b een b rought into pub licfocus.近耒，一 的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。Now we are entering a b rand new era full of opportunities and irrovations,and great charges have taker place ir peoples attitud e toward s some trad itional practice.现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多 人对某些传统的看疾血发生了很大改变。Recently the issue of whether or not has b eer ir the limelight and has aroused wid e concern ir the pub lic.近耒，是否.的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社 会的广泛关注。The issue whether it is good or not to.has aroused a heated d iscussion all over the country.的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。At present,some people think.while others claim Both sid es have their merits.目前，一些人认为 而另一些人则认为 O其实，两种观点都其可取之处。People rarely reach ar ab solute consensus on such a controversial issue.对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。People from d ifferent b ackground s would put d ifferent interpretations on