新概念英语第二册课文语法短语知识点.doc

NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH BOOK 2practice : 训练, progress : 进步If you practice more, then you can make great progress.五项综合训练技能listening : 听力speaking : 说话grammar : 语法 writing : 写作reading : 阅读 translation : 译 knowledge +skillsLesson 1 A private conversation 【New words and expressions】（12）private adj. 私人的conversation n. 谈话theatre n. 剧场，戏院seat n. 座位play n. 戏loudly adv. 大声地angry adj. 生气的angrily adv. 生气地attention n. 注意bear v. 容忍business n. 事rudely adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地private adj.私人的 adj. 私人的private life 私生活private school 私立学校Its my private letter. （如果妈妈想看你的信） Its my private house. （如果陌生人想进你的房子） adj. 普通的private citizen 普通公民Im a private citizen. （citizen n. 公民）private soldier 大兵Private Ryan（拯救大兵瑞恩）public adj. 公众的，公开的（private的反义词）public school 公立学校public letter 公开信 public place 公共场所privacy n.隐私Its privacy. 这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的)conversation n.谈话have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词conversation 一般用于正式文体中, 内容上往往不正式subject of conversation 话题They are having a conversation.talk 内容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人 Lets have a talk.dialogue 对话, 可以指正式国家与国家会谈 China and Korea are having a dialogue.chat 闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。gossip 嚼舌头, 说长道短theatre n.剧场, 戏剧cinema n.电影院seat n.座位 have a good seat/place，这里的seat指place(指地点)，而不是chair. take a seat/take your seat 坐下来, 就坐Is the seat taken? 这个位置有人吗?请坐的3种说法 : Sit down, please. (命令性)Take your seat, please.Be seated, please. (更礼貌)作为动词的seat与sit的区别sit（sat，sitten） vi. 就座He is sitting there. 他坐在那儿。seat vt.让某人就座 seat sb. 让某人就坐，后面会加人Seat yourself.You seat him.你给他找个位置. When all those present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture.A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seatedsit down 坐下；be seated=take a seat 就坐angry adj. 生气的angrily adv. 生气的 angry =cross I was angry. /He was cross.annoyed: 恼火的; be blue in the face 脸上突然变色程 I was annoyed. 度 I was angry/cross.加 I was very angry.深 I am blue in the face. (脸色都青了, 相当生气了)attention n. 注意Attention ,please. 请注意(口语)pay attention 注意pay attention to 对注意You must pay attention to that girl.pay a little attention 稍加注意pay much attention 多加注意pay more attention 更多注意pay no attention 不用注意pay close attention 特别注意bear(bore, born) v. 容忍 vt. 承受，支撑，承担，负担Can the ice bear my weight?Who will bear the cost? 谁来承担这笔费用？ vt. 忍受（一般与can/could连用于疑问句及否定句中）She eats too fast. I cant bear to watch/watching her. 她吃得太快。我看着受不了。How can you bear living in this place? 你怎么能受得了住在这个地方？bear =stand =put up withI cant bear/stand you.endure:忍受,容忍put up with :忍受I got divorced（离婚）.I could not put up with himbear/stand/endure 忍受的极限在加大bear n.熊 white bear 白熊bear hug :热情(热烈)的拥抱give sb. a bear hugbusiness n. 事, 生意 n. 生意business man :生意人do business: 做生意go to some place on business:因公出差I went to Tianjin on business. n. 某人自己的私人的事情Its my business. (指私人的事, 自己处理的事) Its none of your business. 不关你的事。rudely adv. 无礼地, 粗鲁地rude adj. 粗鲁的，无礼的pay vt. &vi. 支付 vt. &vi. 支付（价款等）Have you paid the taxi-driver?You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds 您可以先付30英镑的定金Ill pay by instalments.I paid 50 dollars for this skirt. （payfor sth. 花/支付（钱）买） vt. &vi. 给予（注意等）；去（访问）They did not pay any attention.We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday. 上星期天我们去拜访了老师。 n. 工资，报酬I have not received my pay yet. 我还没有领到工资。【Text】Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. I cant hear a word! I said angrily.Its none of your business, the young man said rudely. This is a private conversation!参考译文：上星期我去看戏. 我的座位很好, 戏很有意思, 但我却无法欣赏. 一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后, 大声地说着话. 我非常生气, 因为我听不见演员在说什么. 我回过头去怒视着那一男一女, 他们却毫不理会. 最后, 我忍不住了, 又一次回过头去, 生气地说 : “我一个字也听不见了!” “不关你的事, “那男的毫不客气地说, “这是私人间的谈话!” 【课文讲解】1、Last week I went to the theatre.动词go的原义是离开一个地方去另一个地方，与介词to连用后，常加上主语所要去的目的来代表主语的动作目的。go to the +地点 表示去某地干嘛go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play去剧场看戏go to the cinema =see a film 去电影院看电影go to the dairy 去牛奶店go to the + 人 + s 表示去这个人开的店go to the doctors 去看病；go to the butchers 买肉以下短语中名词前不加冠词：go to school 去上学；go to church 去做礼拜；go to hospital(医院) 去看病；go to bed 上床，睡觉；go home（跟home相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息）I am at home. 在家休息2、I had a very good seat.seat一般指戏院、汽车等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。the front seat of a car 汽车的前座Take a seat, please. 请坐。3、I did not enjoy it.enjoy vt. 欣赏，享受，喜爱 enjoy +n. 喜欢,从当中得到一种享受（后面不能跟人）I enjoy the music.enjoy the dinner/film/program/game enjoy oneself/代词 玩的开心We always enjoy ourselves. enjoy +动名词Jane doesnt enjoy swimming. She enjoys going to the theatre.4、I got very angry. get在这里有“逐渐变得”的含义，接近become，是个表示过程的动词，表示状态的变化。而I was very angry则仅表示当时的状态是生气，并不暗示过程。I am/was angry. 是一个事实I got angry. 强调变化过程It is hot.It got hot.got取代be动词，got是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词。5、I could not hear the actors. I turned round.hear+人:听见某人的话I could not hear you. Beg your pardon?I couldnt hear you./I couldnt hear a word./I couldnt catch your words.I couldnt hear you clearly./I couldnt catch your words.Beg your pardon? /I couldnt catch your words.turn round =turn around 转身6、In the end, I could not bear it.in the end 最后，终于，表示一段较长的时间之后或某种努力之后 She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help.I could not bear it/you/the noise.7、I cant hear a word!I cant hear a word.美音:肯定I can kAn 否定,I cantkAnt/,它的/t/是吞进去的, 在读音上很难区别, 只能根据上下文来定hear a word of sb. （a word 等于一句话）He didnt say a word.May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?8、Its none of your business.ones business 指某人（所关心的或份内）的事Its none of your business./None of your business./Its my business. 不关你的事。It is my business to look after your health. 我必须照顾你的身体健康。none相当于not any或no one，但语气较强。She kept none of his letters. 他的信件她一封也没有保留。none of 这个短语有时可以表达一种断然、甚至粗暴的口气，尤其是在祈使句中：None of your silly remarks! 别说傻话了！【Key structures】简单陈述句的语序陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号 6 1 2 3 4 5 6when? Who? Action Who? How? Where? When? Which? Which? What? What? 1 -主语，一般由名词、代词或名词短语构成，通常位于动词之前，动词必须与主语一致，即主语决定动词的单复数形式2 -谓语，由动词充当3 -宾语，一般为名词、代词或名词短语4 -副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语 I like her very much5 -地点状语，一般在方式副词之后，时间副词之前6 -时间状语，可以放在句首或句末 简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语, 谓语. 如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配 when and where【Multiple choice questions】1 The writer turned round. He looked at the man and the woman angrily _b_ .a. and they stopped talking b. but they didnt stop talkingc. but they didnt notice him d. but they looked at him rudelyThey did not pay any attention. 不是没看见，只是思想上没在意pay attention: 从思想上注意、在意，如交通安全应注意. notice: 眼睛上注意(=see 眼睛看)I notice her.4 The young man and young woman were sitting behind him. He was sitting _d_ them.a. before b. above c. ahead of d. in front ofbehind: 在后面in front of 在前面 (相对静止的概念)before 在前面 (后面加词或句子，一般和时间相连)He arrived before six oclock.before he came backabove 在上面ahead of 在前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为)ahead of timeHe goes ahead of me.5 _c_ did the writer feel? Angry.a. Where b. Why c. How d. When特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问how(adv.)对一个方式、状态提问，对形容词、副词、介词短语提问7 The young man and the young woman paid _d_ attention to the writer.a. none b. any c. not any d. noany 用在否定句和疑问句中some用在肯定句中none代词，没有任何东西、没有任何人 None knows./None of us knows.not否定词,要放在非实义动词后面not any=noHe didnt pay attention.no形容词、修饰名词I dont have any friends./I have no friends.I have no time./I dont have any time.11 The writer could not bear it. He could not _c_ it.a. carry b. suffer c. stand d. liftbear 忍受=standsuffer 遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)痛苦，suffer后面必须加一种痛苦I suffer the headache.（肉体上的痛苦）He often suffers defeat.（精神上的痛苦）（defeat n. 失败）Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 【New words and expressions】（5）until prep. 直到outside adv. 外面ring v. （铃、电话等）响（rang, rung）aunt n. 姑，姨，婶，舅母repeat v. 重复until prep.直到until用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直到为止”或“在以前”。在肯定句中，它与表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻：Ill wait here until 5. 我会在这里等到5点钟。His father was alive until he came back. 直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的. 在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到为止”、“直到才”：She cannot arrive until 6. 她到6点才能来。His father didnt die until he came back. 直到他回来,他爸爸才死. until（后的从句）的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做？做了前面的主句用肯定；没做前面的主句用否定For he _A(C)_(wait) until it stopped raining. A. waited B. didnt waitA. leave B. left C. didnt leaveI stay in bed until twelve oclock.I didnt get up until 12 oclock.outside adv. 外面（作状语）He is waiting for me outside.It is cold outside.ring(rang. rung) v.(铃、电话等)响 vt. 鸣，(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)Every morning the clock rings at 6.The telephone(door bell) is ringing.而风铃等响要用jingle，jingle (bell) (铃儿) 响叮当 vt. 打电话给（美语中用call）ring sb. 给某人打电话Tomorrow Ill ring you. n. （打）电话give sb. a ringRemember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me. n. 戒指aunt n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)男性则是uncle: 叔叔 他们的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女repeat v. 重复 vt. 重复Will you repeat the last word?They are repeating that wonderful paly. vi. 重做，重说Please repeat after me.Dont repeat.【Text】It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. What a day! I thought. Its raining again. Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. Ive just arrived by train, she said. Im coming to see you.But Im still having breakfast, I said.What are you doing? she asked.Im having breakfast, I repeated.Dear me, she said. Do you always get up so late? Its one oclock!参考译文：那是个星期天, 而在星期天我是从来不早起的, 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候. 上个星期天, 我起得很晚. 我望望窗外, 外面一片昏暗. “鬼天气!” 我想, “又下雨了. “正在这时, 电话铃响了. 是我姑母露西打来的. “我刚下火车, “她说, “我这就来看你. “ “但我还在吃早饭, “我说. “你在干什么?” 她问道. “我正在吃早饭, “我又说了一遍. “天啊, “她说, “你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经1点钟了!” 【课文讲解】1、It was Sunday.it指时间、天气、温度或距离，it被称为“虚主语”（empty subject）。作为第三人称单数的中性代词，it可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人：It is a lovely baby.2、I never get up early on Sundays.on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day当使用last，next，this，that时，介词（以及定冠词）必须省略：Ill see you next/this Friday.never 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)I dont like her.=I never like her.3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.在表达卧床时bed前不需加冠词：Its time for bed now.You must stay/remain in bed for another two days. 你必须再卧床两天。4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.just then: 就在那时如果不知道对方性别, 他/她可以用it取代Who are you?/Who is it ?5、Ive just arrived by train,by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数)；如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by用in或onI go out by bus.I go out in/on two buses. （指具体的两辆车介词用in/on）Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词：My aunt left by the 9:15 train.by air 乘飞机by bicycle/bike 骑自行车by boat乘船by bus 乘公共汽车by car乘小汽车by land 由陆路by plane 乘飞机by sea 由海路by ship乘船by train 乘火车6、Im coming to see you. 我将要来看你. 用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来，表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用法的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join7、Dear me!天哪!英国人说Dear me!或My dear!美国人说 : My god! Cd (C发啊的音)注意美英的发音不同. 【Key structures】现在进行时和一般现在时现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进行时常与now，just，still等副词连用：I am working as a teacher. 现阶段He is still sleeping. （现在还在睡觉）Jane is just dressing up. 简正在打扮。一般现在时表示习惯性动作, 真理, 是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般与频率副词often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等连用。Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前, 非实义动词后；如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两个之间；疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。在否定句中not必须放在always之前，而且也出现在generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not必须出现在sometimes和frequently之后。表示肯定的速记可以用在句尾；在特别强调和需要对比时，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副词可用于句首。 I get paid on Friday usually. Very often the phone rings when Im in bath.非实义动词 : 系动词(be) 帮助动词构成时态的助动词(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has) 情态动词(must, can, may) 除此之外都是实义动词. I frequently go to bed hungry. （形容词作状语）He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学. You must come here hungry.空腹来这里. 【Special Difficulties】 以what开头的感叹句：在英语中可用what引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情，在感叹中主谓语采用正常语序。What 对名词感叹，感叹句的结构为：What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!What a good girl (she is)! （主、谓可省）有上下文和一定的语境, 才能省略形容词。一般省略形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。What a thing to say! 多么难听的话啊！What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!【Multiple choice questions】5.He doesnt get up early on Sundays. He gets up _a_ .a. late b. lately c. slowly d. hardlylate 晚的lately =recently 最近的, 近来的. How are you going lately? 最近一段时间身体还好吗?8 He _a_ out of the window and saw that it was raining.a. looked b. saw c. remarkedd. watchedlook 表示看的动作，后面一定要加介词see 表示看的结果，后面直接加宾语watch 表示观看，后面直接加宾语, 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西look at pictures (对)；watch pictures(错)11 Breakfast is the first _d_ of the day.a. food b. dinner c. lunch d. meallunch 中餐 food 食物dinner 正餐 一天中最丰盛的那顿饭, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐. meal 一顿饭Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card 【New words and expressions】（11）send v. 寄，送postcard n. 明信片spoil v. 使索然无味，损坏museum n. 博物馆public adj. 公共的friendly adj. 友好的waiter n. 服务员，招待员lend v. 借给decision n. 决定whole adj. 整个的single adj. 唯一的，单一的send v. 寄, 送send a letter 寄信send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 给某人送（寄）什么东西send/take children to school：take强调某人亲自送；send则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车 take flowers to his wife 自己送send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送postcard n. 明信片两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音name card /visiting card 名片Here is my name card. (口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作)ID card 身份证 （ID 身份）credit card 信用卡cash card 现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(不能透支的那种)spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏 vt. 弄坏，损坏，糟蹋The sad news spoiled our weekend. 这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。The rain spoiled the school sports. 这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。This spoiled my day.What you said spoiled me.His arrival spoiled my holiday. vt. 宠坏，惯坏，溺爱Dont spoil your children. 不能太惯孩子。His parents spoiled the boy.spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏