六级听力技巧.pdf

六级听力第一讲对话的常考题型 1）地点方位题：问对话发生的地点和场景 2）身份职业题：问说话者的身份、职业以及两 者的关系等 3）时间、数字计算题：对对话中出现的一些时间 和数字进行提问，通常要经过一些简单的运算。4）虚拟语气题：对话对方有一方所言中含有虚拟 语气，而问题多询问实际情况如如何。5）否定关系题：对对话一方提的建议或观点持否 定态度 6）建议及请求题：一方提供帮助或提出某种请 求，而另一方做出肯定或否定的反应。7）词汇与习语题：.主要考考牛对某个单词的理解 8）逻辑推理题对对话中出现的一些细节进行提 问，或者要求考生通过所听到的细节进行推理。9）转折题：对话中含有“but”however”等转折的 词。10）重复反问题：对一方的话先以反问的口气重 复，然后再说第二句。11）主旨要义题:问对话讨论的是什么1.地点方位题这类题型中，对话双方或一方直接或间接 地提到某个地点或方向，要求考生根据对 话内容，对对话双方的相互关系进行推 理，以便辨别出对话的场所或对话中所提 及的场所。又是通过一两个关键词就可以 判断出对话的场所和方向了。M:l5ve just got back from the holiday you arranged for me.But I must tell you the hotel was really awful.It was miles from the sea.The food was awful,too.The bedroom was dirty.W:Sorry about that.But its not really our fault.The contract does say that the hotel accommodation is not our responsibility.Q:Where is the conversation probably taking place?a.At the airport b.In a travel agency c.In a hotel d.At the reception desk 男方抱怨对方安排的holiday不好，女方提到合同 上的规定两个内容都可帮助考生推断出答案应为 bo M:I need to cash this check?W:Will you step right over to the tellers window,please?Q:Where is the conversation most probably taking place?关于地点的提问形式通常为:Where does/did the conversation probably take place?Where does this conversation most likely occur?Where are the man and woman talking?Where are the speakers now?Where will the man/the woman go?Where is the man/the woman?表示地点场景特点的用语:School:assignment,lecture,paper,exam,campus,dorm,grades,(professor和 student)Bank:account,cash,check,deposit,savings(Bank clerk 和customer)Hospital/Clinic:prescription,symptom,temperature,cold,fever,stomachache,pain,trouble(Doctor和patient)Restaurant:menu,soup,drink,beverage,dish,beef,chicken,order,fill(customer和 waiter)Airport/Station:train,coach,car,timetable,take off,passenger(Airport staff 和traveler)Post office:parcel,package,stamp,letter,airmail,regular mail,postage,rate(Postman 和 customer)2.身份职业题此类问题要求应试者确认谈话者的身份、职业或确认谈话者之间的相互关系，常见 的就身份、职业及人物关系而提的问题 有：What is the persons probable vacation/job?Who are the speakers?What is the relationship between the two speakers?Who is the woman/man speaking to?W：Can I help you,sir?M：Yes.Do you have this coat in a large size?Q：What is the woman?A.shop assistant B.Nurse C.Waitress D.TeacherM:Good evening,Madam,There is a table for two over there.This way,please.W:Thank you.Could I see the menu,please?Q:Whafs the relationship between the man and woman?A)Husband and wife,B)Waiter and customer.C)Salesman and customer.D)Host and guest.表示职业关系的用语:1)Restaurant：dish,order,menu,bill,soft drink,soup,table,waiter,waitress May I have the NII?What would you like to order?A table for two?Profession：Waiter,Waitress Relationship：Waiter/Waitress&Customer2)Hospital：prescribe,medicine,have a fever,temperature/sore throat/cough/cold/headache/stomachache,take medicine/pills/tablet,.Whafs the matter?/What5s wrong with you?Let me give you an examination first.Profession：doctor,nurse Relationship：Doctor/Nurse&Patient 3)Store：size,color,style,price,cost,cheap,expensive,change What can I do for you?How much does it cost?Excuse me5 I want to change this one for a blue one,Can you show me another one?Profession：clerk,shop assistant Relationship：Clerk/Shop assistant&Customer 4)Railway Station：platform,train,single ticket,return ticket Airport：flight,take off,gate,due,ticket Plane：to fasten seat belt,landing,flight Profession：Hostess Relationship：Hostess&Passenger 5)Library：borrow,lend,renew,return book,due5 fiction,non-fiction,bookshelf How long can I keep it?You can keep the book for two weeks.Do you have the book.?Can you tell me where I can find.?Profession：librarian,assistant Relationship：Librarian/Assistant&Students 6)Telephone：Hold on5 please!Can you put me through to the reception room?Sorry,the line is busy.This is.speaking.Who is that?Profession：operator Relationship：Operator&Caller 7)Hotel：make a reservation,book a single/double room with shower/bath,reception,occupy,tip,porter The rooms are all occupied.Profession：receptionist,porter Relationship：Receptionist&Customer,Porter&Customer3、时间、数字计算题听力试题中所涉及的数字包括：年代、时间、距离、速度、价 格、数量等。另外，对时间进行提问时，也可能不用数字而用表示时间的 短语来表示，考生应注意以下几点：,A、根据表示时间的关联词来判断发生的时间，如：before,after,when,while,then,until,later,right away,immediately,as soon as possible等。B、掌握年、月、日、星期等表达方法。注意一些表示时间的 词，如:quarter,a couple of days,twilight,eve,fortnight(2 weeks),dawn,dusk(time just before it gets quite dark)c、文中有时用从句或短语表示时间，而不出现具体时间概 念。如:Aren/t you glad the semesters over?可推测：at the end of the semester时间、数字计算题注意事项：,听的时候注意近音的干扰：-teen/-ty 时间推算，学习表示时间提前或推后的表达法：5 minutesahead of time;5 minutes early;early by 5 minutes.5 minutes later 为了快而准确地对数字有所反应，要熟悉一些单词和表达式1.时间2.数字3.货币4.有关计算的方法 Man(M):What time did yesterdays football match start?Woman(W):It was supposed to start at a quarter to 7,but it was delayed an hour.Question(Q):When did the game finally start?W:I thought to go to town now.I have some shopping to do.M:Dont spend too much5 I wont get paid until next week.Q:When will he be paid?W:Do you live in a college dormitory?M:Yes,I do.Its a six-man suite,but at the moment only four of us live there.Q:How many people share the suite now?4.虚拟语气题对话双方中有一方所言中含有虚拟语气条件句。这类题型 对话中多采用虚拟语气形式，而问题则多询问实际情况如 何。做这类试题时，尤其要注意时态的运用：时间与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反条件从句were/V-ed,had done,should/were to+do主句would+do would+have done would+do常见提问形式:What can we learn from the conversation?What can be concluded from this conversation?What does the man mean(imply)?What does the womans answer suggest?What happened to the two speakers?W:How do you like the play you saw last night?M:Well,I should have stayed at home.Q:What does the man think of theplay?A)It is exciting.B)It is boring.C)He didnt see the play.D)He like itvery much.M:Ann,do you have any extra money you could loan me?W:I wish I could help you.I went shopping yesterday.Now I have only two dollars till the end of the week.Q:Will the man borrow any money from the woman?5.否定关系题否定关系题可分为两类：表面否定和隐含 否定。表面否定题主要考察英语中否定的 表达，因此掌握一些表示否定意义的单 词、短语，是做好这类听力题的关键。隐 含否定题最大的特点是含义是否定的，但 不说任何否定词，即表面是肯定的，含义 是否定的。对话对方提出问题，另一方没 有直接回答这个问题，而是讲了一个事 实，通过事实来表示否定。表示否定的常用词和短语:seldom,barely,rarely,scarcely,hardly,few3 nobody,nothing,neither,nor,no5 not,never,little,none5 nowhere,deny5 fail,without,dislike,ignore,refuse,reject,at a loss,out of,instead of,short of,far from,free from5 rather than5 all.not,both.not,every.not,too.to,cant.but,anything but,not until.有些表达法看似表面否定，但其含义却为 肯定，如：I cant agree with you more.I couldnt feel better about it.常见提问方式：What is the mans/womans attitude toward the conversation?How does the man/woman feel?The man5s/woman5s feeling toward the subject can be best described as.?What do we learn from the conversation?W:Did you find the book for your reading assignment in the library?M:It closed before I got there.I had no idea it closes so early on weekends.Q:what does the man mean?6.建议请求题这类题常常是一方提供帮助或提出某 种请求，而另一方做出肯定或否定的 反应。因为选项主要涉及动作，所以 考生在浏览选项时，应将不同的动词 划线，加深印象。表达建议或请求的方式：Would you mind.?Why dont you.?/Why not.?/how about.?Wouldnt.be wiser?You might as well.If I were you5 Td.Perhaps we should.Could you do me a favor.?提问方式：Whafs the womans reply to the man?What does the man/woman suggest?What does the man/woman mean?W:Im thinking of taking five courses next term.M:wouldn5t four be wiser?Q:what does the man mean?熟悉表示观点态度的常见词语：表示赞成：approve,agree,share,prefer,wise,reasonable,favorable 表示反X寸：disapprove,disagree,unwise,ridiculous,foolish,childish 表示赞赏：admire,appreciate,think much of,think highly of 表示喜欢：enjoy,wonderful,fascinating,funny,be fond of,be keen on表示怨恨或生气 表示害怕或担心 表示批评或讽刺表示失望或灰心 表示后悔或遗憾 表示漠然或热情 表示积极或消极 表示自信或自负 表示乐观或悲观表示厌烦：dislike,bored/boring,be tired of 表示关心：concerned,careful,care abouthate,hatred,angry,anger,initiated fearful,frightened,worried,nervous critical,criticize,ironic,find fault withdisappointed,discouraged regret,regretful,pity,shame indifferent,detached,careless,enthusiastic active,positive,negativeconfident,arrogant,proud optimistic,pessimistic7.词汇与习语题这类题主要测试考生对某个词或短语的理 解。因此，只要平时熟记常考的单词，词 组和习语，做起来这类题就会得心应手。通常情况下，这类题的正确选型总是以另 一种表达方式来解释或代替对话中的内 容，所以，考生还需要了解同一概念的不 同表达方式。提问方式:What do we learn from this conversation?What does the man mean?What can be inferred from the conversation?What do we know about.?M:I wish I hadn5t thrown away that reading list!W:I thought you might regret it.Thafs why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?听力常考词组A case in point a narrow escape A piece of cake a stones throw恰当的例子 死里逃生 小事一桩 很近Account for against ones will Ahead of schedule 解释 违背某人意愿提前all the year round 一年至U头Another pair of shoes 另当另U论anything but 决不Apple of ones eye 掌上明珠bad/rotten apple 坏家伙（类彳以于汉语中的“老鼠屎。as luck would have it 碰巧 at sixes and sevens 舌L七八糟back/current issue be availablebe bound to be far from be fed up with be free of be no exception过/现刊可提供，方便的 肯定会远不是，根本不是 对厌倦，厌烦 免除，脱离不例外beat about the bush 说话绕圈子behind schedule晚点beside the point 离题bite off more than one can chew 好高鹫远，承担太多的 工作而无法完成 born with a silver spoon in ones mouth break down（车等）出故障 by and large 总的说来，大体上 call it a day 结束，到此为止 call off 取消 can do with 将就，能对付 castle in the air 不切实际的想法 catch on 变得流行，受欢迎 cheer up 振作起来 chilled to the bone 冻僵了 come across 偶然碰见 come true 实现 come straight to the point 开门见山 count on 依靠，指望 day in and day out 每天，始终出身富贵dos and donts down to earth doze off draw near dress up drop outeasy come,easy go fall behind familiar with规则实事求是打瞌睡临近，接近穿盛装辍学，放弃来的容易去得快落后熟悉few and far between 很少figure out 弄清楚，想出，算出fill the prescription 按药房配药 find fault with 挑剔,抱怨for the time being 暂时for good 永远for a change 换换花样from bad to worse 每况愈下 gain weight 增力口体重 get out of bed on the wrong side起床心情不好 get somewhere 取得进 give sb.a lift/ride 让某人搭顺风车 give sb a cold shoulder 待人冷AA制没用的人或节食观与相配和谈go Dutchgood for nothing 物go on a dietgo sightseeing 光go withhave a word with have nothing to do with 与.,没关have butterflies in ones stomach 紧张have no idea 不知道have the final say 有决定权 have sth.in common 有共同之处head for 刖任hear oneself think 专心思考heart and soul heavy traffic high time hit the ceilinghold the line hold up完全，彻底交通拥挤该做什么的时候了 勃然大怒别挂电话 耽搁 in a sense讲 in addition to in advance刖 in case in debt从某种意义上来除了提以防，以免in a good/bad mood in honor of in low spirits in particular别 in person负债心情好/坏 为庆祝/纪念情绪低落尤其，特亲自in the long run in theoryin turn in vain interfere with It depends.Ifs sb/s treat,keep an eye on从长远来看 从理论上来讲 依次，轮流 徒劳，白费干涉，影响 看情况由某人请客观察，注意Know/learn the ropes 掌握做某事的技能/窍门 keep body and soul together 仅能维持生活 Keep sb.informed 及时通知某人lay offLet alone解雇更不用说live from hand to mouth 勉强糊 口Look on the bright side看到事务光明的一面 look for a needle in a haystack 大海捞针Lose heart 失去信心lose ones heart 爱上某人发脾气大惊小怪影响预定使收支相抵有意义，讲得通确保文人Lose ones temper make a fuss Make a difference make a reservation Make ends meet make senseMake sure man of lettersMind ones own business 别管闲事 mistake sb.for sb.误认作 More often than not 多半，大概no wonder 难怪Nothing but 只有not to mention 更另Ll提 On account of于 on earth On duty on purpose On sale on the contrary On the spot场 on vacation On weekdays日 one in a million Ones cup of tea务由究竟值班故意降价出售相反度假；休假在工作凤毛麟角，百里挑一喜爱的人或事out of breathOut of control out of dateOut of question 题out of the questionOut of stock上气不接下气失去控制过时没有问不可能断货owing to Pick up pull over Put off由（车等）中途搭人停在路边推迟put heads together集思广益，群策群力Put through to sb.话接通某人的电put up with 容忍，忍受 Rain cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨 rain or shine 无论如何，不论晴雨 Rather than 而不是 read between the lines 明白言外之意Regardless of remind sb.of sth.result from result in room and board round the corner round the clock rule out run out of rush hour safe and sound不管使某人想起由于导致食宿即将到来昼夜不停排除用光（交通）高峰期 安然无恙speak highly of sb.高度评价某人sure thing当然，没问题take advantage of 利用take charge oftake offtake one5s time take over负责，看管起飞慢慢来，别急 接管take sth.seriously 认真看待teach sb.a lesson 教训某人take turns traffic jam throw light on轮流交通堵塞提供知识，使人们了解too good to be true 好得令人难以置信turn down 关小音量，拒绝turn up 出现，露面turn over（车船等）翻倒turn a blind eye to 视而不见turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻 under the weather 身体不适 up in the air 的 up to sb.up-to-date 的未定由某人决定 最新 when it comes to.,当说到，涉及到 Why not?为什么不？好！with a grain of salt 有保留的，不全信 You bet!当然！You said it!对！可不是!8.逻辑推理题主要测试考生的理解和推断能力。在此类 对话中考生首先要听懂整个对话并且体会 说话者的语气、语调。对话原文不会原 字、原句原封不动地出现在选项中，所以 考生听到有关的内容和信息后，根据上下 文进行综合归纳，最后做出选择。(1)以事实为依据的问题要求考生回忆对话中谈 到的信息。提问形式有：What does sb.do?What is sb.Going to do?What/Which of the following is not mentioned in the dialogue?What does the speaker/listener seem most concerned about?What does the conversation say about.?Why does somebody do sth.?What is the purpose of.?What is the cause of.?(2)推理引申问题要求考生推测出某些细节进行比 较。常见问题：It can be inferred from the conversation that.The man/woman most probably.What w川 the man/woman probably do next?What can be concluded from the dialogue/conversation?What does the speaker mean?M:How do you like the new physician who replaced Dr.Andrew?W:I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house.M:Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay?Anyhow,they are over 70 now5 their present house is not too bad,Q:What does the man imply?11.主旨要义题可以从下面几个方面入手：尽量在脑海中描绘出正进行的会话：对谁 在进行对话，在那里进行对话作一定的假 设 尤其注意听一些关键词，被重复的词等 等；对所听到的内容进行归纳，什么是中心思 想；特别注意提问句，因为对话通常是一问一 答，答的内容通常是围绕问题展开的。主旨要义题常见的就对话主题而提的问题有：What is the main topic of the conversation?What are the speakers mainly discussing?What is the subject of this conversation?What is the main idea of the conversation?Which of the following best summarizes the conversation?短对话听力的一些原则 1.推理原则：一般需对对话进行推理，故直接在对话中 听到的一般不是正确答案。2.挫折原则：通常要办的事情都是不顺利的（如买东西 买不到，订房间客满等）3.男女原则：一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。男生提出 的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的 观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。男生的特征：脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家 女生的特征：爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好 4.父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学习。5.除了父母教育子女外，家里（包括朋友家，阿 姨家等等）发生的事情一般是不考的，故遇到地 点推测题类似 at home/at Mary 5s home之类的选项一般都是不对的。6.专升本听力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到 事情，问题，故如果选项中出现一些日常生活中 不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确 选项第二讲十大常考情景 1.校园生活类 2.交通运输场景 3.电话场景 4.机场场景 5.公司场景 6.租房场景 7.医院场景 8.宾馆场景 9.邮局场景 10.饭店场景短对话十大场景及一般思路 1.借车：车一般是借不到的 2.吃：匹萨，海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应，“派”一般比较好吃 3.考试：作业、论文一般比较难，或须要熬夜 教授一般比较严厉 选修课较难较多 4.坐车（飞机、轮船）：一般都需要等 5.事故（灾难）：光明原则，一般不会死人 6.听讲座：题目一般是比较有趣丰富的，内容一般是比 较复杂难懂的 7.论文：一般需要修改（polish）或重写（rewiite）8.休闲：男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看moive,女 生一般喜欢高雅艺术theater 9.医院：需要预约make an appointment 10买票：基本上是买不到的1 校园生活场景涉及校园生活，包括对专业的选择，教学情况宿舍管理作业或论文假期安排以及学 生中存在的现象和问题等内容情景设计 谈论内容新生入学 来时的交通方式，校园问路,新生安排学校或专业 学校概况，学费高低，教学水平，专业好坏,专业与兴趣,将来方向 作业与论文作业论文难，导师要求高，征求或建议解决办法,需要大量资料考试与测验 复习考试,没时间玩，借参考资料，考试成绩课外生活 看电影，跟朋友相聚，各种球类，室外活动假期安排 打工经历，计划旅游，假期培训图书馆 借书或借杂志，图书证的使用，馆内设置，如何查资料，超期罚款.课程 选课过多，课程太难，负担太重,缺课、逃课，补课，评价课程或老师住宿 租房，房子差，室友难相处，交通不便，与房东的纠纷、如何解决1.学校场景 课程分类：Optional course 选修课 Required course 必修课 Day course白天的课 Evening course 晚上的课经常出现的科目或专业：Chinese 中文 English 英语 mathematic 数学 history 历史 chemistry 化学 Literature 文学 考试：Final exam期终考试 middle exam期中考试 make up 补考 test测验 pop test事先没有说好的测验 quiz测验 oral test 口试 考试临近：draw on/in sight of/draw nearly 考试延期或取消 delay/be off/defer/hold up 学校分类：public school 公立学校 private school 私立学校 religious school 教会学校/postpone/put off/suspend 学校中的人 president 校长 dean院长 professor 教授 lecturer 讲师 coordinator 管理员 doctor 博士 master 硕士 bachelor 学士 freshman 大一新生 sophomore 大二学生 junior大三学生 senior大四学生 图书馆：借书 lend/borrow/check out