第4章-句子的英译(新编汉英翻译教程-陈宏薇)1.doc

第4章 句子的英译

（1）我们的房子是一百多年前建造的。
Our house was built over a hundred years ago.
（2）我是北京人。
I come from Beijing.
（3）如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。
Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.
（4）假日里，青年人双双对对漫步在公园里。
The young people in pairs and couples rambled about the park on holidays.
（5）然而悲惨的皱纹，却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了。
Miserable wrinkles began to appear between his eyebrows and round his mouth.
（6）如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。
If vocabulary is the "building materials" for language, sentences are "fundamental parts" of writings.
（7）邮差先生走到街上来，手里拿着一大把信。在这小城里他兼任邮务员、售票员，但仍旧有许多剩余时间，每天戴上老花镜，埋头在公案上剪裁花样。
Mr. Postman would walk up the street with a bundle of letters in his hand. Working in a small town as postman and stamp seller, he still had lots of spare time. Every day he would sit bending over his desk scissor-cutting flower patterns, wearing a pair of glasses for farsighted old people.
（8）中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。（邓小平）
China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words.
（9）人有失错，马有漏蹄。
As a horse may tumble, so a man may make mistakes.
（10）欢乐的人群宛如大海的波涛，从街道上汹涌而过。
The jubilant crowd surged through the streets like the sea waves.
（11）他的身材魁梧，生一副大长方脸，嘴巴阔大，肌肤呈着紫檀色。
He was a giant of a man with a long square face, a wide mouth and a complexion suffused with the colour of red sandalwood.
（12）①鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，②他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，③这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。
Lu Hsun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness; this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial peoples.
（13）幸亏这些青年妇女，白洋淀长大的，她们摇得小船飞快。小船活像开了水皮的一条打跳的梭鱼。 It was lucky that all these young wives had grown up by the river: their boat went like the wind. It shot forward like some flying fish, hardly skimming the water.
将their boat替换“她们”作主语，是便于与后一句的It（指“小船”）照应。
（14）世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。
a. The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.
b. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.
（15）一九六四年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。 a. China's first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world.
b. In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world greatly.
（16）胎又瘪了。
We've got another flat tire.
（17）树缝里也漏着一两点路灯光，没精打采的，是渴睡人的眼。 Here and there a few rays from street-lamps filtered through the trees, listless as the eyes of one who is dozing.
（18）人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 a. It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints.
b. We can't judge people from their appearance, just as we can't measure the ocean by pints.
（19）到了济南府，进得城来，家家泉水，户户垂杨，比那江南风景，觉得更为有趣。
When he reached Jinan and entered the city, there were flowing streams by every house and willow trees by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south.
（20）沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。
Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence!
It's blowing hard.
（22）用劳动实现自己的理想，用理想指导自己的劳动。
You realize your ideals through labour and you guide your labour by ideals.
（23）不懂就是不懂，不要装懂。不要摆官架子。钻进去，几个月，一年两年，三年五年，总可以学会的。
We must not pretend to know when we do not know. We must not put on bureaucratic airs. If we dig into a subject for several months, for a year or two, for three or five years, we shall eventually master it.
（24）出了院门，四顾一望，并无二色，远远的是青松翠竹，自己却似装在玻璃盆内一般。于是走至山坡之下，顺着山脚刚转过去，已闻得一股含香扑鼻，回头一看，却是妙玉那边栊翠庵中有十数株红梅，如胭脂一般，映着雪色，分外显得精神，好不有趣。
Once outside his own gate he gazed round. All was white except for some green pines and emerald bamboos in the distance, so that he had the sensation of being in a crystal bowl. As he rounded the foot of the slope he smelt a cold fragrance and, looking over his shoulder, saw a dozen or so crimson plum trees in Green Lattice Nunnery where Miaoyu lived, their blossom, red as rouge, reflected in the snow and remarkably vivid against it.
（1）中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。
a. The Central Government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR.
b. The Central Government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.
（2）中国经济将融入世界经济的大潮。
a. The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.
b. The economy of China will converge with that of the world.
（3）这事到了现在，还是时时记起。
a. Even now, this remains fresh in my memory.
b. Even now, I still often think about this.
（4）世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。
a. The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.
b. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.
（5）（听说你明天开张，）也许用的着，特意给你送来了。
a. (I hear that you're opening tomorrow.) You may have some use for these things, so I took them along.
b. (I hear that you're opening tomorrow.) Thought these might come in handy, so I brought them along.
（6）现在，连我们也欠饷啊！
a. Nowadays even our monthly pay is often in arrears.
b. Nowadays even we aren't always paid on time.
（7）在同新闻界谈话的时候，上海人使用越来越多的最高级形容词。
a. When they talk to the press, the Shanghai citizens use more and more adjectives of the superlative degree.
b. You can hear Shanghai people using more and more adjectives of the superlative degree when they talk to the press.
（8）（现在上海人的传统形象开始起了变化，）他们的言语和行动都充满了信心和自豪。
a. Their words and actions are filled with confidence and pride.
b. They are confident and proud in their speeches and actions.
（9）我又闲了一个多月啦！
a. I've been idle for another month now.
b. Another month now and I've had no work.
（10）（颐和园）1900年遭八国联军破坏，（至1903年才得以修复）。
a. The palace was reduced to ruins by the allied forces of the eight foreign powers.
b. The palace suffered ravage in the hands of the allied forces of the eight foreign powers.
。
（11）她们（指“时装模特”）逐渐地镇定下来，有了自信。
a. They gradually calmed down, restored self-confidence, and ...
b. Gradually, they calmed down and regained self-confidence.
（12）封建社会代替奴隶社会，资本主义代替封建主义，社会主义经历一个过程发展后必然代替资本主义。
Feudal society replaced slave society, capitalism supplanted feudalism, and, after a long time, socialism will necessarily supersede capitalism.
（13）（一个世纪以来，中国人民在前进道路上经历了三次历史性的巨大变化……）第一次是辛亥革命，……第二次是中华人民共和国的成立，……第三次是改革开放……
The first change was represented by the Revolution of 1911 ... The second change was marked by the founding of the People's Republic of China ... The third change was featured by the reform, opening up ...

（14）一年年，燕子来了去了
一年年，阶前草绿了黄了
Year after year the swallows come and go;
Year after year the grass before the terrace grows green, yellows.
（15）九斤老太早已做过八十大寿，仍然不平而且康健。六斤的双丫角，已经成为一支大辫子了。
Old Mrs. Ninepounder celebrated her eightieth birthday some time ago and is as full of complaints, as hale and hearty as ever. Sixpounder's twin tufts of hair have changed into a thick braid.
（16）他给我的印象是，态度非常呆板僵硬，仿佛肚子里吞下了一根拨火棒似的。
He had given me the impression of absolute rigidity, as though he had swallowed a poker.
（17）河边枯柳树下的几株瘦削的一丈红，该是村女种的吧。

The few sparse hollyhocks beneath the withered willows by the stream must have been planted by the country girls.
（18）农业搞好了，农民能自给，五亿人口就稳定了。
a. If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants self-supporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure.
b. If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants are self-supporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure.
（19）思想……
是炉火，
炉火是墙上的树影，
是冬夜的声音。
Thoughts ...
Are the fire in a stove,
The fire in a stove is the tree's shadow on the wall.
And the sound in the winter night.
（20）关于如何改进市民的居住条件问题市政府给予了充分重视。
a. Full attention has been paid by the municipal government to the improvement of the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants.
b. The municipal government has paid full attention to the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants.
（21）液体的形状总是随着容器的变化而变化，因为液体没有自己的固定形状。换言之，无论你把它放在什么样的容器中，它的形状总是和容器内壁的形状完全一样。
Since a liquid has no definition shape of its own, it varies in shape from container to container. In other words, in whatever container it is poured, the liquid will take exactly the interior shape of the container.
（1）中国的批评界怎样的趋势，我却不大了然，也不很注意。
I am not too clear, not too interested, either, regarding current trends in China's literary criticism.
（2）沙发上坐着一个人。
A man was sitting on a couch.
（3）马可•波罗的中国之行，给他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。
The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou was what impressed Marco Polo most during his trip to China.
（4）早晨的公园里，遛鸟者时常可见。
a. Early in the parks we often see people walk with caged birds in hand.
b. Taking a walk in parks with caged birds in hand is a common scene in the early morning.
（5）生日是自己长大以后听家里人说的，……
I was told about my birthday by my foster-parents when I grew up.
（5）我们明天上午九时动身。
We are going to start at nine tomorrow morning.
（6）这本书是三天前买的。
The book was bought three days ago.
（7）他每晚都要看电视。
He watches TV every morning.
（8）武当山终年云雾缭绕。
Seas of clouds enshroud the peaks of Mt. Wudang throughout the year.
（10）在机器中很多能量是由于部件之间的摩擦而损失的。
In a machine a great deal of energy is lost because of the friction between its parts.
（11）他们很细心地观察化学变化。
a. They observed the chemical reaction with great care.
b. They observed with great care the chemical reaction.
（12）他们肩并肩地以疯狂速度向那座石塔奔去。
a. They ran side by side at a fantastic speed towards the stone pagoda.
b. Side by side and at a fantastic speed they ran towards the stone pagoda.
c. Side by side they ran at a fantastic speed towards the stone pagoda.
（13）大会将于①今年九月②在北京③隆重开幕。
The meeting will begin ③ceremoniously ②in Beijing ①the following September.
（14）他①每晚②都在图书馆③用心读书。
He reads ③hard ②in the library ①every evening.
（15）他①一九三五年②八月③二十二日④早晨⑤六点三十分诞生在(1)湖南的(2)一个小县城。
He was born (2)in a small town (1)of Hunan Province ⑤at six thirty ④on the morning of ②August ③22, ①1935.
（16）设在位于①纽约市②中心③一座摩天大楼④第四十层楼里的⑤那间办公室，就是他工作的小天地。
⑤The office ④on the fortieth floor ③of a skyscraper ②in the center ①of New York is the world he works in.
（17）浩瀚的大海
the vast sea
（18）古老的中原文化
The time-honoured Central Plain culture
（19）举世闻名的万里长城
the world-famous Great Wall
（20）一九四九年解放以前，中国人民曾经遭受①世界罕见的②恶性通货膨胀的灾祸。
Before liberation in 1949 the Chinese people suffered from ②some of the worst inflation ①the world had ever known.
（21）正月十五元宵夜，街上挂着①各式各样②精巧的灯笼。
On the evening of the Lantern Festival, the 15th of the first lunar month, ②exquisite lanterns ①of diverse designs are hung along the streets.
（22）①避暑山庄和北京的故宫、山东曲阜的孔庙一样，②是中国保存最完好的古代建筑群，③也是中国现存规模最大的古典皇家园林。
The Summer Palace of Chengde is one of the three best-preserved magnificent ancient architectural complexes in China, the other two being the forbidden City in Beijing and the Confucian Temple in Qufu of Shandong Province.
（23）卢沟桥位于北京广安门外约10公里处的丰台区永定河口。
Lugou Bridge spans the Yongding River mouth at Fengtai District, about ten kilometers from Guanganmenwai Street of Beijing.
（24）①中国现存②规模最大、③保存最完好的古代建筑群
③the best-preserved ②magnificent ancient architectural complexes ③in China
（25）山东曲阜是①中国②古代③著名的思想家、教育家孔子的故乡。
Qufu, Shandong Province, is the birthplace of Confucius, a ③well-renowned ②ancient ①Chinese thinker and teacher.
（26）①我走过地板时，②一块板子吱吱作响。
A board creaked as I crossed the floor..
（27）①佗用刀刮骨，②悉悉有声。
②The knife made a thin, ①grating sound as it scraped the surface.
（28）①如果说白天广州像座翡翠城，②那么当太阳沉没，③广州就成了一颗夜明珠，④灯光如海，⑤千街闪烁。
①If Guangzhou is like a city of jadeite in the daytime, ③it becomes a luminous pearl, ④with a sea of lights twinkling ⑤in the streets ②after the sun sets in the west.。
（29）①女主人已经离开人世，②再没有人喂它了。③它好像已经意识到这一点。
③He must have been aware ②that nobody was going to feed him ①after the death of his mistress.。
（1） 我认为他不够格。
I don’t think he is qualified.
（2） 这房子尽管富丽堂皇，但是住起来一点也不舒服。
With all its magnificence, the house is not at all comfortable to live in.
（3） 液体没有固定的形状，气体也没有。
Liquids have no definite shape nor have gases.
（4） 如果没有摩擦，运动的物体永远不会停止。
A moving object would never come to a stop if there were no friction.
（5） 水淀里没有一个人影，只有一团白绸子样的水鸟，也躲开鬼子往北飞去，落到大荷叶下面歇凉去了。
No one else was in sight. Only a flock of silky white water-fowl flew off to the north away from the Japanese soldiers, alighting to rest in the shade of big lotus leaves.
（6） （与此同时，上海人也清醒地认识到，）不能沾沾自喜以“老大”自居。
In now way should they become complacent and pose as No.1 in the country.
（7） 那位老人能在大风大浪中不停地游泳达三个小时以上。
The old man could swim continuously in great storms for more than three hours.
（8） 人民军队离不开人民，就像鱼儿离不开水一样。
The people is to the people's army what water is to fish.
（9） 密云水库……远山叠翠，绿波万顷，和我记忆中的太湖不相上下。
The Miyun Reservoir ... With its vast area of green waves and row upon row of verdant mountains in the distance can be equally matched with the Taihu lake in my memory.
He is above blame.
（11） 他化学测验不及格。
He failed the test in chemistry.
（12） 我们不能让孩子们上河里游泳。
We must keep the kids from swimming in the river.
（13） 这尊雕像历经大地震后毫发未损，仍然矗立。
The statue survived the great earthquake, remained intact and was still standing there.
（14） 谅你不敢这么干。
Do that again if you dare.
（15） 你借钱给那个无赖，不啻把钱丢在海里。
You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to that rascal.
（16） 女孩儿未出嫁，是颗无价宝珠；……
A girl before marriage is a precious pearl.
（17） 子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。”
The Master said, ( the good man) does not grieve that other people do not recognize his merits. His only anxiety is lest he should fail to recognize theirs.
（18） 名不正则言不顺，言不顺则事不成，……
If language is incorrect, then what is said does not concord with what was meant; and if what is said does not concord with what was meant, what is to be done cannot be effected.
（19） 我想：希望本无所谓有，无所谓无。
I thought: hope cannot be said to exist, nor can it be said not to exist.
（20） 不看秦始皇兵马俑，不算真正到过中国。
a. A traveler who has not seen the Qin Dynasty terra cotta figures cannot claim to have visited China.
b. No one who has not seen the Qin Dynasty terra cotta figures can claim to have visited China.
（21） 他在这上面费了很多力。
He took no little pain over it.

（22） 我对你万分感激。
I couldn't thank you enough.
（23） 完全同意。
I couldn't agree more.
（24） 直到喷气发动机发明以后，飞机才能以超音速的速度飞行。
Not until the invention of the jet engine could airplanes travel at supersonic speeds.
（25） 智者千虑必有一失。
Even the wise are not always free from errors.

（1）窗前有棵老榆树，榆钱儿正密，一串串在枝上垂着，有几只刚出巢的蜜蜂，围着榆枝乱飞，不住的嗡嗡的叫着。
An old elm before the house was hung with thick clusters of seeds and some bees just out of the hive were flying round it, keeping up a continuous hum.
（2）①广东省阳春县境内多是石灰岩地质，②由于长期的江水浸渍和风化作用，③形成了大量峥嵘挺拔的山峰和幽深莫测的溶洞。
Calcareous structure, water erosion and weathering contributed to many lofty peaks and deep secluded karst caves in Yangchun County, Guangdong Province.
（3）①我家门前有些摆摊儿的，都是生意人。②大凡生意人都懂得“一步差三市”的道理。③就是说，别看你的店只和人家差了三步，但景气的程度要差了很多，也许人家的铺子红火热闹，你的铺子却开不了张。
①In front of my house there are a few stalls run by street vendors.②Street vendors all know the popular saying: “Locations make a difference in business.”③That is to say, even if your stall stands side by side with someone else’s in the neighbourhood, your neighbour may attract a constant stream of shoppers, but yours, unfortunately, is visited by few.
（4）①大概是物以稀为贵罢。②北京的白菜运往浙江，便用红头绳系住菜根，倒挂在水果店头，尊为“胶菜”；福