小学英语-语法-音标-练习题-比较全了.doc

朝阳市龙城区大平房镇东平房小学 武振明
1、be动词包括：am、is、are
(1)am 用于第一人称I的后面I am (注意：“I”无论何时都要大写，不管位于句首还是句中)
例：I am Li Ming. I am a boy. I am ten. I’m in Class 1.
(2) is 用于第三人称he(他) ; she(她); it(它)及其他单数名词的后面
例：He is a good student. She is my teacher. It is a black cat. A dog is on the desk.
(3) are用于第二人称you; 第一人称复数we； 第三人称复数they 及其他复数名词的后面。 (注意：第二人称单复数同形，都为you)
例：You are my good friend. We are in the same class.
They are my friends. The books are on the desk.
2．Be动词的用法口诀
我（I）用am，你（you）用are,Is用于他(he)她(she)它(it)，单数is，复数are,希望大家都记下。
有be动词的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答。
肯定句
否定句—be动词后加not
一般疑问句—be动词移到主语前
肯定和否定回答
I am=I’m ….
I am not…=I’m not ...
Are you…?
Yes, I am.
No,I’m not.
You are…= you’re…
You are not… =You aren’t…
Are you…?
Yes, I am.
No,I’m not.
She\He\It is… =She’s\He’s \It’s…
She\He\It is not… =She\He\It isn’t…
Is she\he\it…?
Yes,she\he\It is.
No,she\he\It isn’t.
We are= We’re
We are not…=We aren’t…
Are we…?
Yes,you are.
No,you aren’t.
They are =They’re
They are not…=They aren’t
Are they…?
Yes,they are.
No,they aren’t.
注意：上表中划线句子不能缩写，（am 和not 也不能缩写）。
无be动词的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答。
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句
肯定和否定回答
I like…
I don’t like…
Do you like…?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
You like…
You don’t like…
Do you like…?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
He\She\It likes…
He\She\It doesn’t like…
Does he\she\it like…
Yes, he\she\it does.
No,he\she\ it doesn’t.
We like…
We don’t like…
Do we like…
Yes, you do.
No, you don’t.
They like…

They don’t like…

Do they like…

Yes, they do.
No, they don’t.

注意： 上表中的like可以用其他的动词来替换，比如play,sing,run,sweep…
人称代词和物主代词.把下面的句子变一般疑问句并写出肯定与否定回答。
He is like his mom.他长的像他的妈妈。
Is he like his mom? Yes,he is.\No, he isn’t.
He likes his mom.他喜欢他的妈妈。
Does he like his mom?Yes,he does.\No,he doesn’t.
I am a student.—Are you a student? Yes, I am.\No,I am not.
I love my teacher.—Do you love your teacher? Yes,I do.\No,I don’t.
They are my friends.—Are they your friends?Yes,they are.\No,they aren’t.
You are my teacher.---Are you my teacher? Yes, I am.\ No, I’m not.
名词变复数及其发音规则
     构成方法
          读音
               例词
在词尾加-s
1.在清辅音后读作 [s ]
2. 在浊辅音后读作
[ z ]
3在元音后读【Z】
1.      desk—desks    [ s ]
    map—maps    [ s ]
3.    field –filelds[ dz]
       dog—dogs     [ z ]
       sea—seas     [ z ]
1.     以s、xsh、ch结尾的名词后加-es
2.    如词尾是e,只加-s
-（e）s读作[ iz ]
1. class-classes [ iz ]
     box — boxes [ iz ]
     dish—dishes[ iz ]
     watch—watches[ iz ]
2. horse—horses[ iz ]
如词尾为 –f或 –fe ,则一般变为 –ves
-ves 读作[ vz ]
1.     leaf—leaves[ vz ]
2.     knife—knives[ vz ]
以辅音+y结尾的名词，变y为 i再加-es
-ies读作[ iz ]
     family—families[ iz ]
以元音+y结尾的名词，加-s
-s读作[ z ]
     boy—boys[ z ]
guy- guys [z]
以辅音+o结尾的名词，加-es
[有生命]
-es读作[ z ]
     hero—heroes[ z ]
     potato—potatoes[ z ]
     tomato—tomatoes[ z ]
以元音+o结尾的名词，加-s
【没生命】
-s读作[ z ]
     radio—radios[ z ]
     zoo—zoos[ z ]
photo-photos [z]
以-th结尾的名词，加-s
1. 在长元音后，-ths读作[    z ]
2.    在短元音或辅音后，-ths读作[    s ]
1.    bath—baths[    z ]
2.    month—months[    s ]
不规则名词复数：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children foot-feet, tooth-teeth
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______       juice___________
water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
人称代词
定义：人称代词用来代替人或物，在句中作主语或宾语，所以有主格和宾格。

第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单 数
复 数
人称
代词
主 格
I
we
you
you
he she it
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
him her it
them
物主
代词
形容词性
my
our
your
your
his her its
their
名词性
mine
ours
yours
yours
his hers its
theirs

物主代词是表示所有（拥有）关系的一种代词。
物主代词有两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词放在名词前。
如：This is my book.这是我的书Her pen is red. 她的钢笔是红色的
Their teacher is Mr.Wu.他们的老师是武老师。I have a lovely cat.我有一只可爱的小猫。
名词性物主代词起名词的作用，（用来代替前面提到的名词），后面不可以再接名词。
如：1. Your pen is red. Mine is black.
你的钢笔是红色的，我的是黑色的。
2. He doesn’t like his pen. He likes mine. 他不喜欢他的钢笔。他喜欢我的钢笔。
3. That book is hers, not yours. 那本书是她的，不是你的。
4.My book is thick. Yours is thin.我的书是厚的，你的书是薄的。
人称代词和物主代词练习题
1.______(she)is my aunt. We often visit______(she)
2.Beijing is a big city._____(it) is in the north of China.
3.What day is _____(it) today? ____ (it) is Monday today.
4.I have a blue bike. But the red one is not_____.(my)
5.These books are very good But ______(they) are very expensive.
6.Linda is a girl. _____(she) is in Class1.______(she) sister is in Class2.
7.Tom is my friend.______(he) is a good boy. 8.What time is____(it)?
形容词的比较级 & 最高级
一、形容词概念
形容是用来修饰物体的形状，大小，长度，属性，特点等，位于名词的前面。
如：big fat thick long …
二、形容词比较级和最高级的意义
英语中的形容词，在句子里当要表示“比较……”、“最……”时，要用特别的形式，即：比较级和最高级。原来的形式称为原级。
如： long longer longest
原级 比较级 最高级
1．The black pen is very long. 黑色的钢笔很长。
2．The blue pen is longer than the black one. 蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。
3．The red pen is the longest of the three. 红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。
比较级:形容词比较级用于两个事物或人的比较，比较级后面一般带有单词than。
比较级的句子结构通常是：
主语+ be动词+ 形容词比较级 + than+ 被比较的名词 ,
I am taller than you. 我比你更高。
Tom is younger than Jack. Tom 比Jack大。
My book is thicker than yours.我的书比你的书厚。
　 形容词变比较级的规则：
① 一般在词尾+er ，如 tall - taller ,cold-colder，young-younger
② 以e结尾的，直接+r ，如 fine - finer ,nice-nicer
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再+er， 如funny –funnier，lovely-lovelier ,happy-happier, funny-funnier
④重读闭音节的单词（以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾），双写最后的辅音字母再+er，
big--bigger, fat—fatter thin--thinner ,hot–-hotter， sad--sadder，
（大，胖，瘦，热要双写）
⑤多音节词后+more
beautiful--more beautiful， expensive--more expensive
不规则形容词比较级：
　　  good-better, bad-worse,many\much-more
☆注意☆
1、比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。
典型错误：My hair is longer than you.（我的头发比你更长。）
比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人），那么比较的对象就没有可比性。
应该改为：My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
最高级：形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，最高级后面一般带有in或of 的短语。
形容词变最高级的规则：
① 一般直接在词尾+est ，如 tall - tallest ,cold-coldest
② 以e结尾的，直接+st ，如 fine - finest ,nice-nicest
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再+est，
如funny-funniest lovely-loveliest,lovely-loveliest
④重读闭音节的单词（以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾），双写最后的辅音字母再+est，
big--biggest fat—fattest thin--thinnest,hot–-hottest， sad--saddest，
⑤多音节词后+most
beautiful--most beautiful， expensive--most expensive
注意：最高级的单词前必须用the
如：I am the tallest in our class.我在我们班是最高的。
This pen is the most expensive of the three.
这支钢笔比其余三支都贵。
二、除此之外，还有几个特殊的单词，它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的。如：
many / much（原形）- more（比较级）- most（最高级）
little / few（原形） -  less （比较级）- least（最高级）
good（原形） - better（比较级） - best（最高级）
bad （原形） - worse（比较级） - worst（最高级）
far  （原形）-- further（比较级）-- furthest（最高级）
1.small

21.late

2.short

22.nice

3.tall

23.large

4young

24.heavy

5.long

25.early

6.strong

26.easy

7.light

27.busy

8.low

28.slowly

9.high

29.pretty

10.slow

30.funny

11.fast

31.dirty

12.high

32.beautiful

13.hard

33.interesting

14.cheap

34.expensive

15.bright

35.important

16.dark

36.different

17.cool

37.excited

18.fat

38.good/ well

19.big

39.bad/ill

20.thin

40.far

21.hot

3.old

41.many/much

二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式。
1．My brother is two years _________ (old) than me.
2. Is your sister _________ (young) than you? Yes, she is.
3. Who is __________ (thin),you or Helen?
4.Which pencil-box is _________ (big),yours or hers? Hers is.
5．Tom jumps ________ (high) than Jack.
6．Is Lucy __________ (thin) than Helen? Yes, she is.
7．My eyes are __________(big) than hers.
8．Which is __________ (heavy),the elephant or the pig?
9．Who is ________ (early),Tim or Tom?
10．Who is _____(pretty) April or Lily?
11. Today is ______( hot) than yesterday.
12. Sun is _____(fat) than Bird.

三、选择。
（ ）1. The yellow shoes are than the blue ones.
A.expensive
B. expensiver
C. more expensive
（ ）2. A cow is ____ than a rabbit.
A. big
B. bigger
C. biggest
（ ）3. Who’s the ,Jean,Joan or Jennet?
A.thinner
B.thinest
C.thinnest
（ ）4. Tim is than Jack.
A.funny
B.much funny
C.funnier
（ ）5. I’m taller than others in my class. I’m .
A.tall
B.tallest
C.the tallest
（ ）6. Who is younger Rose?
A.than
B.then
C./
（ ）7. I _____ ______ the youngest in our class.
A.am not
B. was not
C. do not
（ ）8. His uncle’s house is very .
A.old
B.older
C.oldest
（ ）9. My bike is ,but his bike is .
A.new, new
B.new, newer
C.new,newest
（ ）10. Please clean your room.It’s now.
A.clean
B.dirty
C.tidy
现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作. 2．现在进行时的肯定句结构为：主语+be+现在分词。 例如：He is doing his homework now.
3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 例如：He is not doing his homework now.
4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词提到句首。 Is he doing his homework? 肯定回答：Yes,he is. 否定回答：No,he isn’t.
5．现在进行时的特殊疑问句的结构为：    疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 如： What are you doing now? 你现在在干什么？ What is he doing now?他正在干什么？
   动词变现在分词规则
1. 一般情况下，直接加ing  go-going 去   play-playing玩 sleep-sleeping 睡觉 eat-eating 吃 do-doing做 2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing 1. come–coming 来       2. dance-dancing 跳舞   3. close-closing 关 4. make–making 制造     5. ride–riding 骑      6. write-writing 写 7. take - taking 拿走 8. move–moving 移动/搬  9 have–having 有
3. 双写加-ing : 重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音 判断是不是重读闭音节双写，不仅要看单词的字母组合符合辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾， 还要看音标是不是符合辅音+ 元音+辅音结尾 只有都符合才可以双写。 1. sit- sitting 坐2. stop-stopping 停3. swim- swimming 游泳 4. run - running 跑  5. cut – cutting 切   6.put – putting放 7.forget-forgetting 忘记 8.get-getting  获得 9.begin-beginning开始10.hit-hitting 撞     注意： buy 不能双写。buy-buying
 现在进行时专项练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________  like________  write________ ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________   buy _________ love____________
live_______  take_________ come ________ get_________
stop________ sit ________  begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw) a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing) in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook ) some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance ) in the classroom .
8.What is she doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have) supper now. 10.______Helen____________(wash ) clothes? Yes ,she is.
一般现在时
一般现在时的功能
　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
　　2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
　　3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成
　　1.有 be动词的情况：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：
　　 I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
　　2.无be动词的情况（即有行为动词）：主语+行为动词(+其它)。
　　 We study English.我们学习英语。
　　当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：He likes Chinese.他喜欢汉语。
　　一般现在时的变化
　　1. be动词的变化。
　　否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。
　　如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
　　一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它？
　　如：-Are you a student?
　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?
　　2.无be动词（即有行为动词）的变化。
　　否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形+其它。如：
　　I don't like bread.
　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：
　　He doesn't like bread..
　　一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：
　　- Do you play football every day?
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：
　　- Does she go to work by bike?
　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?
动词变单三
1.一般般情况下，直接+s，如：play-plays come-comes 2以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾+es,如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, brush-brushes, go-goes. do- does 3以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加es，如：study-studies fly-flies cry-cries 1.He always_____(play) football on Mondays. 2.She often____(go) to school at 7:30 am. 3.It usually ___(come)to my home in spring. 4.Li Ming never___(watch)TV on Sundays. 5.A dog___(wash) his face in water. 6.Nobody____(guess) it. 7.Everyone____(study) English at school. 8.The baby often____(cry) at night.

一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______     carry ____
come________      watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________     teach_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class 1.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Tom _______(not go) to the zoo on Sundays.
5. ______ they ________(like) the cat?
6. He always _______(watch) TV on Sundays.
7.What are _____(they)name? 8. The girl _______(teach) me..
9. She and I ________(take) like PE.
10. There ________(be) a dog and a cat in my room.
11. Jack _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) two books.
13. My aunt _______(look) at me.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) not a student.I____(be) a techer.
16. She _______(go) to school every day.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. Who often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) play basketball on Saturdays.
20. －What day _______(be) it today?
－ It’s Saturday.
三、按照要求改写句子
1