高中英语语法复习《主谓一致》教案.doc

主谓一致
主谓一致指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数的形式上的一致关系。这种一致关系通常牵涉到三个不同的基本原则：

语法一致原则 句子主语和谓语动词在单复数形式上保持一致。

意义一致原则 句子主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于主语的单复数形式，而是取决于主语的单复数意义。

就近原则 当句子中有若干个并列主语出现，谓语动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的名词决定。

I. 以 – s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致
II. 集合名词作主语时的主谓一致
III. 并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
IV. 表示数量的名词短语作主语时的主谓一致
V. 一些句型结构的主谓一致 （定语从句、存在句、强调句、名词性从句、非谓语形式作主语）
VI. 其他结构中的主谓一致

I. 以 – s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 以 – s 结尾的表示体育活动的名词作主语
2. 以 – ics 结尾的表示学科的名词作主语
3. 以 – s 结尾的地理名词作主语
4. 以 – s 结尾的由两部分组成的名词作主语
5. * 以 – ings结尾的动名词作主语
6. 其他以 – s结尾的名词

II. 集合名词作主语时的主谓一致
集合名词指的是同一类人或物的集合体，其中有的是复数含义，有的是不可数含义，有的根据不同的上下文，既可以有复数含义，也可以有单数含义。

1. 通常用作复数的集合名词
这类名词包括people, police, cattle, *poultry, *vermin等。 在它们之后的谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. The police are in search of the murderer.
Cattle provide us with milk and beef.
People解释为“民族”时为单数形式，复数时词尾要加s。
e.g. There are fifty-six peoples in China.

2. 通常用作单数的集合名词
machinery, equipment furniture, merchandise, foliage等。在它们之后的谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. The merchandise has arrived earlier than expected.
All the machinery here is made in China.

3. 既能作复数又能做单数的集合名词
这类名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式主要取决于集合名词在上下文中的具体含义。
当作主语的集合名词强调的是一个整体或组织，谓语动词用单数形式
当作主语的集合名词强调的是整体中的个体或成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
这类词有：committee, council, association, board, government, family, audience, crowd, class, school, army, flock, herd, village等。
e.g. A committee was asked to investigate the case. (强调委员会这一个整体)
The committee is composed of quite a few experts and scholars. (强调委员会这个组织)
The anti-crime committee meets in the town hall. (强调委员会这个组织)
The committee are divided in opinion. (强调委员会中的每个委员)
The committee are at dinner. (强调委员会中的每个委员)
My family is a big one. (强调家庭这一个整体)
My family are all diligent workers. (强调家庭中的所有成员)
The audience are raising their hands to show their approval. (谓语动词用复数形式，与their呼应，强调观众中的每个成员)
The class consists of 45 students. (强调班级这个整体)
The class are unable to decide a monitor. (这里的class 强调班级中的每一个成员)
The herd of cows and calves is the healthiest the farm has hard. (强调牛群这一整体)
The herd of cows and calves are moving towards the barn. (强调牛群中的每一个个体)
The village were all against the project. (强调村庄里的村民们)

4. 其他：
当主语是由a committee/ board/ panel of 构成的短语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
e.g. A committee of three professors is to decide whether he can get the degree.
A panel of four has been chosen to judge the competition.
The board of directions is in charge of the management of the company.

III. 并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
1. 用and或both … and … 连接的并列主语
当and 或both … and … 连接的并列主语表示的是两个或两个以上的人或物，谓语动词通常用复数形式；若所指的只是一个人或物，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
e.g. Blue and yellow make green.
You and I are good friends.
The great scholar and poet is now dead.
The great scholar and the poet are now dead
The hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flagpole.
Reading and solving equation are entirely different assignments.
Egg and milk is a good breakfast. (这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指一顿早饭，不可分割)
Bread and butter is nutritious. (涂有黄油的面包)
The candlestick and candle sells for two pounds.
即使并列主语的中心词是单数，如果表示的意义是复数，仍应用动词复数。
e.g. Secondary and higher education have been made available in this newly-developed area.
What I say and think are no business of you.
当and连接的并列名词带有each, every或者many a等限定词时，随后的动词常用单数形式。
e.g. Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.
Every boy and girl in the class is given a copy of the photo.
2. 用or, either… or …, neither … nor …,以及not only … but also … 等连接的并列主语
通常采用就近原则。
e.g. My father or my mother is likely to be at home.
Either you or he is to blame.
Either my father or my mother is coming.
Not only Mary but also her brothers were asked to sing some songs.
Neither Bill nor his friends were confident of victory.
Neither he nor I know the truth.
IV 表示数量的名词短语作主语
1. 表示不定数量的名词短语作主语
l some (of), a lot (of), lots (of), plenty (of), all (of), half (of), the rest (of), the remainder (of), most (of), none (of), heaps, loads of, no等。
我们经常根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的形式。
如果这些短语与可数名词复数连用，谓语动词就用复数
如果这些短语与不可数名词或可数名词单数连用，谓语动词就用单数。
如果这些数量词后面的名词省略了，我们要根据其意义判定谓语动词的单复数形式。
e.g. Some (of the desks) are broken.
Some (of the furniture) is broken.
The rest of us are to continue the work.
The rest of the money is stolen.
Lots of students want to have a try.
Lots of time has been wasted.
Half of the lectures deal with the issue of birth control.
Half of the lecture deals with the issue of birth control.
Most of the students are hard working.
Most of it is damaged.
No one shows up.
No two think alike.
l 如果主语是“分数/百分数+of+名词”，谓语动词的形式也取决于中心名词的单复数形式。
e.g. Two thirds of the city was destroyed in the war.
Thirty-five percent of the doctors were female.
l a number of + 名词复数 表示“许多…”，谓语动词用复数形式。
the number of + 名词 表示“.…的数目”，谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. A great number of students have entred for the sports meeting.
The number of students has doubled in two years.

2. 表示时间和度量的名词短语通常作为一个整体看待, 谓语动词用单数形式
e.g. Twenty minutes is too long to wait.
Fifty pounds was paid for the coat.
Five days is needed to finish the repair work.
如果此类名词短语强调的是其中的每个个体，谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. There are six silver dollars in each of the pockets.

3. 如果做主语的名词短语由“a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of, a kind of, a sort of, a type of, this kind/sort/type of ”构成，无论中心名词的形式如何，谓语动词的形式通常都是单数。
e.g. There is a kind of rose in the garden.
This kind of peach is very juicy.
This kind of strawberries is highly priced.
但是如果名词短语的结构为“复数名词 + of this kind”，谓语动词用复数。
e.g. Peaches of this kind are juicy.
如果做主语的名词短语的形式为“these/those kind of +复数名词”,谓语动词用复数。
e.g. These kind of peaches are very juicy
4. 在“one in/ out of + 复数名词 ”这一结构后，谓语动词一般为单数形式。
e.g. One in ten students has failed the exam.
One out of twenty was badly hurt.

5. 由“many a + 单数名词”或者“more than one + 单数名词”组成的名词短语虽然在意义上是复数，但习惯上谓语动词用单数。
e.g. Many a way has been tried.
More than one game was lost
More than one person has tried to open the door.

6. 在由an average of, a majority of 构成的短语中，若中心词是average和majority，动词用单数；若中心词是他们后面的复数名词，动词用复数。
e.g. An average of 25 persons apply each month.
An average of 25 applications a month isn’t unusual.
A majority of the town’s younger men are moving to the city.
A majority of three votes to one was recorded.

V. 一些句型结构中的主谓一致
1. 定语从句中的主谓一致
l 在“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，如果关系代词在定语从句中做主语，定语从句中的谓语通常用复数形式。
e.g. This is one of the best films, which have appeared in a long time.

l 在“the only one of或者 the one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，如果关系代词在定语从句中做主语，定语从句的动词用单数形式 。
e.g. This is the only one of the best films that has pleased me.
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to accept the task.
2. 存在句中的主谓一致
存在句中谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近它的名词决定。
e.g. There is more grace and less carelessness.
There is one pencil-box and three boxes in the bag.
3. 强调句中的主谓一致
4. 名词性从句中的主谓一致
5. 非谓语形式做主语的主谓一致

VI. 其他结构中的主谓一致
1. 主语有肯定和否定组合而成时，谓语动词与肯定主语一致。
e.g. Not you but I am to blame.
I, not you, am to blame
Not he but you are to be fired.
You, not he, are to be fired.

2. 请注意以下例中动词的单复数形式
Some of the clerks as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.
He rather than his parents is to blame.
My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go to the party.
The manager with some clerks was working during the whole holidays.
The father as well as his children is going to register.
Bill together with his sisters was hurt in the accident.
The truck along with all its goods was destroyed.
The barn, in addition to the house, was burned.
No one except two boys was late for dinner.

主谓一致
Choose the right form of the verb to fill in the blanks
1. Our school, as well, as the hospital nearby, __________(was / were) built in the 1930s.
2. Nobody __________ (wants/ want) to see that horrible moves.
3. What I say and think ________ (is/ are) no business of yours.
4. Many a man ________ (has/ have) come to help us.
5. Two weeks __________ (is/ are) enough for us to finish the project.
6. Plenty of fruits, milk and vegetables ___________ (is needed/ are needed) for health.
7. He is one of the speakers who ____________ (makes his/ make their) ideas easily understood.
8. Ms. Charney is the only one of the teachers who _________ (has/ have) got the new idea.
9. The number of people invited __________ (was/ were) fifty, but a number of them ________ (was/ were) absent for various reasons.
10. A number of soldiers __________ (has/ have) gathered at the camp gate.
11. We each _________ (has/ have) been given a gift.
12. Each of us __________ (has/ have) been given a gift.
13. In the living room ___________ (is found/ are found) a large sofa and a book shelf.
14. Not only I but also Tom and Tiffany ___________ (is/are) fond of skiing.
15. What he will do _________ (has/ have) nothing to do with me.
16. Neither Bill nor his parents __________ (is/ are )surprised at the news.
17. Every means _________ (has been tried/ have been tried) but without much result.
18. Politics _________ (is/ are) too complicated to analyse.
19. The Philippines ___________ (lies/ lie) to the south-east of China.
20. Enough of the data ___________ (has/ have) been collected.
21. Two-thirds of the crop __________ (was ruined/ were ruined) in the flood.
22. I have been working for the company for a year already. However, none of the money __________ (was passed/ were passed) to me.
23. More than one girl _________ (was/ were) missing in this district last week.
24. The number of teachers _______________ (is/ are) never under 100 in this school.
25. Not only he but also I _________ (am/ is/ are) to answer for the accident.
26. All but one ___________ (was/ were) here just now.
27. Jack as well as his two friends _________ (is/ are) worth teaching.
28. Writing stories and articles ___________ (is/are) what my father enjoys most.
29. Her family ________ (is/are) quite well except that her uncle has been ill.
30. Many a man and many a woman __________ (wishes/wish) that he or she had had better education.
31. Every policeman and fireman ___________ (was/ were) on alert.
32. This glass works ___________ (was/were) put up in 1990.
33. Neither the magazines nor this book _ (is/are) allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.
34. Dr. Hendrik, together with his wife and daughters, _________ (is/are) to arrive on the evening flight.
35. Every book except these two ___________ (has/ have) been sold.
36. Everybody, men and women, old and young, ___________ (enjoys/ enjoy) sports and games.
37. Not only you but also Tom _________ (has/ have) made such a mistake.
38. The surroundings of his house ___________ (is/ are) far from clean.
39. One pair of scissors __________ (is/ are) not enough for the work.
40. Lots of rubbish ________ (is/are) thrown away every day.
41. The majority of doctors ___________ (believes/ believe) smoking is harmful to health.
42. Thirty-five hundred dollars __________ (was/ were) spent in a single night, which _______ (was/ were) unbelievable.
43. The scientist and professor ________ (is/are) to attend our meeting.
44. The police __________ (is/are) searching everybody at the gate.
45. Three fourths of the surface of the lake _________ (is/ are) covered with ice the next morning.
46. Of the new students, sixty percent ___________ (is/are) girls.
47. _________ (Is/Are) thirty five minutes enough for you to get there?
48. All that can be done __________ (has/have) been done.
49. Anyway, it is you who __________ (has/have) the right to decide.
50. Jane is the only one of the few girls that __________ (speaks/ speak) Chinese well.
51. Seventy percent of the students here ___________ (is/are) from the countryside.
52. Three-fourths of the homework ____________ (has/ have) been finished today.
53. Only one third of the desks in the school ___________ (has/have) been repaired.
54. The total number of the population in China ___________ (was/were) 1,100 million on April 14, 1989.
55. More than 60 percent of world’s programmes ___________ (is/are) in English.
56. Those who ________ (has/have) not handed in their compositions, please hand them in this afternoon.
57. Jane is one of the best students in her class who ________ (is/are) praised by their teacher.
58. The whole class __________ (is/are) listening to teacher attentively.
59. The subject of physics ___________ (has/ have) always interested him.
60. The United States of America ________ (is/are) one of the most developed countries in the world.
61. In winter wet clothes __________ (is/are) often hung up near a fire.
62. Nobody ___________ (is/are) allowed to smoke in the cinema.
63. The rest of the magazines __________ (was/ were) sold out within half an hour.
64. A large number of the students in our class ___________ (is/are) girls.
65. The number of students of this school ____________ (is/are) not large.
66 The League secretary and monitor __________ (was/were) asked to make a speech at the meeting.
67. Mary as well as her sisters __________ (studies/study) Chinese in China.
68. I, who _________(am/is/are) your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.
69. The rich ________ (is/are) not always happy.
70. John has two brothers, but either _________ (is/are) out of work now.
71. The police __________ (was/were) searching for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
72. About 40 percent of the population of that country ___________ (lives/live) on farm.
73. Apples of this kind _________ (tastes/taste) good.
74. Your trousers ________ (is/are) dirty. You must have them washed.
75. The Olympic Games ___________ (is/are) held every four years.
76. Many a man ___________ (has/have) come to help us.
77. No one but her parents ___________ (knows/know) it.
78. He is the only one of the students who __________(is/are) elected.
79. No girl and no boy _________ (is/are) fond of such a dangerous game.
80. The results of the examination __________ (shows/show) that you have all made a great progress.
81. Two yuan _______ (is/are) a reasonable price for this book.
82. Each of you _________ (is/are) responsible for the accident.
83. You and I _________ (am/is/are) of the same age.
84. The manager, as well as his advisers, _________ (has agreed/ have agreed) to attend the world fair.
85. We have sold many computers of this kind and the rest __________ (is/are) still on sale.
86. There ________ (is/are) two cans of oil in the corner of the room.
87. Several girls _________ (is/are) going to visit the Museum.
88. This kind of apples _____________(is/are) highly priced.
89. One out of them __________ (is/are) badly damaged.
90. Mr. Smith, and not I, ________ (am/is/are) chosen to be representative.
91. Nobody but Jack and John _________ (was/were) in the lab yesterday.
92. Both bread and butter _________ (was/ were) sold out in that shop
93. Bread and butter __________ (is/are) what they usually have for breakfast.
94. At