初中英语虚拟语气知识与练习.doc

虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。 
三种一般用法：
1.与现在事实相反 
条件从句用一般过去式：were/did 
主句用would/should/could/might + 动词原形
Eg: If John had the time, he would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. 
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. 

2.与将来事实相反 
条件从句用 (1).     should+动词原形 
(2).    一般过去式：were/did 
(3). were to+动词原形 
主句用would/should/could/might + 动词原形
Eg: If you should lose, what would you do? 
If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth. 
If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 

3.与过去事实相反 
条件从句用过去完成时：had+过去分词 
主句用would/should/could/might+ have done  
Eg: If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David.

特殊用法：
1. 倒装
If I were you, I would give up drinking. = Were I you, I would give up drinking.
If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David. = Had I arrived earlier, I would have seen David.
2. 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如： 
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. 
（if从句是对过去的虚拟，主句是对现在的虚拟）
   If I were you, I would have gone home. 
（if从句是对现在的虚拟，主句是对过去的虚拟） 

其他用法：
suggest，advise等表示“要求”“建议”的动词之后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构如下：
suggest，adviserecommend，demand，require，insist，urge，request，order，ask，move提议，propose等 ＋ that…(should) + 动词原形
（在此结构中that不可省略，should省不省略均可）
Eg: He suggested that they (should) stop smoking.
He made a request that they (should) stop smoking.
需注意的是，
*insist有两个意思，当表示“坚持让某人做某事”（命令口吻）时，that从句用虚拟语气，如：He insists that we (should) go home now. 当表示“坚持某种说法”时，that从句用陈述语气，如：He insists that he is right.
*suggest有两个意思，当表示“建议”时，that从句用虚拟语气，如：I suggest that we (should) go home now. 当表示“暗示”时，that从句用陈述语气，如： All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.

wish的用法：
现在的愿望：主句谓语动词用wish／wishes，that从句谓语动词用一般过去式
I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
过去的愿望：wished，that从句谓语动词用过去完成式
I wished I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)
对将来的愿望：wish／wishes，that从句谓语动词用would／could＋动词原形
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气；wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。
We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.)
We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)

as if, as though, would rather(that)引导的从句需用虚拟语气，如
He acts as if nothing had happened.
I would rather you didn’t tell him.

It’s (high) time (that)…+动词过去式或should＋动词原形，如
It’s time (that) you had a haircut.
It’s high time (that) we took some action.

练习：
1. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.
a. have read b. had read c. should have read d. are reading
2. You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier you _____ him.
a. come ; would meet b. had come ; would have met
c. come ; will meet d. had come ; would meet
3. The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.
a. should be b. would be c. have been d. had been
4. It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.
a. speak b. spoke c. will speak d. to speak
5. He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.
a. was b. were c. has been d. had been
6. If the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not _____.
a. have laid there for two hours b. have been lied there for two hours
c. have lied there for two hours d. have lain there for two hours
7. I wish that I _____ with you last night.
a. went b. could go c. have gone d. could have gone
8. Let’s say you could go there again how _____ feel.
a. will you b. should you c. would you d. do you
9. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
a. knew b. knows c. has known d. had known
10. _____ the fog we should have reached our school.
a. Because of b. In spite of c. In case of d. But for
11. If you had told me in advance I _____ him at the airport.
a. would meet b. would had met c. would have met d. would have meet
12. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _____ me now.
a. teaches b. will teach c. has taught d. would teach
13. I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I _____ so busy then.
a. had been b. were c. was d. would be
14. He ‘s working hard for fear that he _____.
a. should fall behind b. fell behind c. may fall behind d. would fallen behind
15. If it _____ another ten minutes the game would have been called off.
a. had rained b. would have rained c. have seen d. rained
16. He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.
a. should b. would c. do d. had
17. My father did not go to New York the doctor suggested that he _____ there.
a. not went b. won’t go c. not go d. not to go
18. I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.
a. had had b. have had c. had d. would have had
19. Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike.
a. decided against b. will decide against c. have decided d. shall decide against
20. You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.
a. go to sleep b. went to sleep c. go to bed d. went to bed
21. ---Why didn’t you buy a new car
---I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.
a. had b. have had c. would have d. had had
22. If she could sew _____.
a. she make a dress b. she would have made a shirt
c. she will make a shirt d. she would had made a coat
23. _____ today he would get there by Friday.
a. Would he leave b. Was he leaving c. Were he to leave d. If he leaves
24. His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.
a. will take b. would take c. take d. took
25. The Bakers arrived last night. If they ’d only let us know earlier ___ at the station.

a. we ’d meet them b. we ‘ll meet them
c. we ‘d have met them d. we ‘ ve met them
26. If I _____ you I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
a. was ; shall pay b. am ; will pay c. would be ; would pay d. were ; would pay
27. We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.
a. have not given b. would not give c. had not given d. did not give
28. The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.
a. has b. had c. have d. will have
29. It is strange that he _____ so.
a. would say b. would speak c. should say d. will speak
30. Had I known her name _____.
a. or does she know mine b. and where does she live
c. she would be beautiful d. I would have invited her to lunch
31. He has just arrived but he talks as if he _____ all about that.
a. know b. knows c. known d. knew
32. If I _____ the money I would have bought a much bigger car.
a. possessed b. owned c. had d. had had
33. He was very busy yesterday otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
a. would come b. came c. would have come d. will come
34. The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.
a. will take b. took c. take d. takes
35. I left very early last night but I wish I _____ so early.
a. didn ’t leave b. hadn ‘t left c. haven ‘t left d. couldn ‘t leave
36. I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time.
a. had b. didn ‘t have c. had had d. have
37. I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I ‘ m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.
a. hadn’t b. didn’t have had c. hadn’t had d. hadn’t have
38. He insisted that we all ____ in his office at one o’ clock.
a. be b. to be c. would be d. shall be
39. Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____.
a. she’s gone b. she’ll go c. she’d gone d. she’d go