初中英语时态总结.doc

初中阶段，要求学生掌握动词6种时态的基本结构(一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，和一般将来时态)及它们的主要用法和区别。了解过去将来、过去完成时态的基本用法，解题时注意找出关键词，正确判断出时态，按时态结构正确变化动词。注意句子时态的一致性，注意对特殊时态的处理。

1、一般现在时：
l 用法:
1)现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如：
I get up at six every morning.
He plays tennis once a week.
2)现在的状态。例如：
My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.
3）客观真理。例如：
The earth goes around the sun.
4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语：
often ，usually ，sometimes ，always ，every day ，never ，in the morning 等连用时。
l 构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，动词第三人称单数的变法如下：
一般情况
＋s
以s, x, ch, sh,o结尾
＋es
以辅音＋y结尾
变y为i＋es

主语为第三人称和名词单数时：
肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数
否定式:S+ don't/doesn't +V+其他
疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他
简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does
(否)No,S+do/does not
注意：have的第三人称单数为has
主 语
肯 定 式
否 定 式
疑 问 式

第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
I am a student.
We/You/ They are students.
He/ She is a student.

I / We/ You/ They/ like music.
Many people like music.
I am not a student.
We/You/ They are not students.
He/ She is not a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ don’t like music.
Many people don’t like music.
Are you a student.
Are you/ they students?
Is he/ she a student?

Do you/ they like music?
Do many people like music?
l 当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时：
肯定式: S + be +···
否定式: S+ be +not + ···
疑问式: Am /Is /Are + S+ ···?
简略回答: (肯) Yes,S + be.
(否) No,S + be.
练习题：
1. --- May I help you, sir?
--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______.
A. didn’t work B. doesn’t work C. won’t work D. can’t work
2．______ the bus until it ______..
A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Don’t get off, stops D. Don’t get off, will stop
3．The 70-year-old man ______ exercises in the morning.
A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take

2. 现在进行时
l 用法：
1）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如：
She is having a bath now.
2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：
You are working hard today.
Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.
The population of the world is growing very fast.
3）频度副词always, forever等词连用时， 表示某种强烈的感情。如：
He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬)
4）表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如：
The party is beginning at 8:00 o’clock..
5) 常用于现在进行时态的时间状语： now ,look,listen等。
l 构成：
be+ v-ing
v-ing现在分词的构成：
一般情况
cook-cooking
以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ing
make-making, taste-tasting
以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.
run-running, stop-stopping,
2)肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：
肯定句 ： S+be +V-ing
否定句：S+be+not + V-ing
一般疑问句：Is(Are)+S+V-ing？
特殊疑问：wh_+ be + S + V-ing?
e.g.
主 语
肯 定 式
否 定 式
疑 问 式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
I am driving.
He/She/It is working.
We/You/They are doing something.

I am not driving.
He/She/It is not working.
We/You/They are not doing anything.

Are you driving?
Is he/she/it working?
Are you/they doing something?

练习题：
1．I don’t think that it’s true. She’s ______ lies.
A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told
2. How ______ you ______ with the new job?
A. do, do B. do, get along C. are, doing D. are, getting on
3．--- Are these socks yours?
--- No. Mine ______ outside on the clothes line.
A. are hanging B. have hung C. hang D. hung

3．一般将来时
l 用法：
1．将要发生的动作。例如：
I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
2．将要存在的状态。例如：
This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?
3．打算要做的事。 例如：
Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?
3) 常用于一般将来时的时间状语：
tomorrow next week in 2008 等。
l 构成：
1. 助动词will(shall)+v
2. be +going to +v
练习题：
1. I______ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？
A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left
2.I______ to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.
A. came B. am going come C. come D. will come
3.We Chinese ______ the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold
4．一般过去时
l 用法：
1． 过去发生的动作。例如：
The police stopped me on my way home last night.
2． 过去存在的状态。例如：
They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语：
yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，等。
l 构成：
S+V-ed
用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：
一般情况
+ed
以e字母结尾的辅音
+d
以辅音字母＋y结尾
去y变i＋ed
重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写词尾字母+ed

2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：
主 语
肯 定 式
否 定 式
疑 问 式

第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
I was a student.
We/You/ They were students.
He/ She was a student.

I / We/ You/ They/ liked music.
Many people liked music.
I was not a student.
We/You/ They were not students.
He/ She was not a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ didn’t like music.
Many people didn’t like music.
Were you a student.
Were you/ they students?
Was he/ she a student?

Did you/ they like music?
Did many people like music?
练习题：
1． r. Mott is out. But he ______ here a few minutes ago.
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
2．---Hi, Tom.
---Hello, Fancy. I ______ you were here.
A.don’t know B.won’t think C. think D. didn’t know
3．He promised to tell me by himself when I ______.
A. come B. would come C. come D. had come

5、过去进行时
l 概念：
1)过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如：
This time last year I was living in Brazil.
What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?
2)常用于过去进行时的时间状语：
at four yesterday afternoon，then，at that time/moment 等。
l 构成： was / were +v-ing
1）Daddy promised me he ______ me a computer
A. was bought B. had bought C bought D. would buy
2）They said they ______ do some sports if it was fine.
A. were going to B. went C. would going D. were going

6、现在完成时
l 概念：
1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如:
She has never read this novel.
2)表示 “过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.
I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.
注在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：
He has died for 3 years.(F)
He has been dead for 3 years.(T)
注：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等
②have/has been to 表示“去过”（去了又回来了）
have/has gone to 表示“去过”（去了没回来了）
如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)
Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)
l 构成：
have / has + v-ing
2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：
肯定句：S+ have（has）+V-ed
否定句：S+ have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+V-ed
一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+？
特殊疑问句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+？
主 语
肯 定 式
否 定 式
疑 问 式

第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
I /We/You/ They have been here before.
He/ She has been here before.
.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people have seen the film.

I /We/You/ They haven’t been here before.
He/ She hasn’t been here before .
.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people haven’t seen the film.
Have you/ they been here before?
Has he/ she been here before?
Have you/ they/ many people seen the film?

练习题：
1.--How long ______ he ______ a fever?
--- Ever since last night.
A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have
2.My bowl is empty. Who ______ all my soup?
A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunk D. drank
3. I ______ you for a long time. Where ______ you ______?
A. Didn’t seen; did, go B. didn’t see; have, gone
C. haven’t seen; have, been D. haven’t seen; have gone

7、过去完成时态
l 用法：
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 他表示的时间是“过去 的过去 ”常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如：
She said she had seen the film 4 times.
When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.
By the time they arrived, the bus had left.
2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.
l 构成：
肯定式：had + V_ed
否定式：hadn’t + V_ed
疑问式：Had … + V_ed
简略回答: Yes, S + have/has had.
No, S + had
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