八年级动词不定式课件.ppt

动词不定式动词不定式 肯定：肯定：to+V.原原 或者或者(to)+V.原原 否定：否定：not/never+(to)+V.原原1)He likes to read novels.2)I saw him come.3)We decided not to buy that house.4)It is interesting to fly a kite.5)Please let him not go there.动词不定式的结构动词不定式的结构作主语作主语To hear your voice is so nice.To study hard is very important.It is so nice to hear your voice.It is very important to study hard.不定式作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面。注意注意:1、It is+adj.for/of sb.to do sth.It+be+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.for:adj.多多为为描描述述不不定定式式行行为为的的特特征征（important/necessary/interesting 等等.）of:adj.多为多为 描述主语的品质特征描述主语的品质特征 （kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish 等等.）作主语作主语It is easy _ her to learn English well.It is clever _ you to solve the problem.offor2、It takes sb.some time to do sth.It takes me three hours to finish the homework every day.作主语作主语我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。I spend three hours finishing the homework every day.3、It is+n.(for sb)to do sth.It is my pleasure to help you with your English.作主语作主语4 4、用在谚语中、用在谚语中 To see is to believe.To say is easy,but to do is hard.作主语作主语1、It is necessary _us to learn to wait.(of/for)2、It was careless _me to break the cup.（of/for)3、It took them 1,000 yuan _this table.(buy)4、It is my pleasure _ the box for you.(carry)to buyforofto carry练习练习5、轮到我们打扫教室了。、轮到我们打扫教室了。It is our turn_6、To waste time is to shorten life.（翻译成中文）（翻译成中文）to clean the classroom.浪费时间就是缩短生命。浪费时间就是缩短生命。练习练习1 1、动词、动词+to do sth.常用动词有：常用动词有：want/wish/like/would like/hope/plan/try/decide/learn/need/agree/begin/start/forget/remember/manage/seem/fail/manage/promise等等 1、I hope to finish it tomorrow.2、She plans to go and teach in the country.作宾语作宾语2 2、动词疑问词、动词疑问词+to do I dont know_ next.She cant decide_.作宾语作宾语 2、她不能决定买哪本书。1、我不知道接下来该做什么。what to dowhich book to buy=She cant decide which book she should buy.1、Dont forget _.(关灯关灯)2、I happened _when he called me.（出去）（出去）3、I dont want_.(依赖别人）依赖别人）4、Sam is learning_.(怎样开车）怎样开车）5、We promise _ the environment.(保护保护)to turn off the lightto go outto depend on othershow to drive a car练习练习to protect1、动词动词+宾语（宾语（sb./sth.)+to do sth.1、The teacher asked her to answer the question.2、The doctor told me to have a good rest.作宾补作宾补-对宾语进行补充说明对宾语进行补充说明 常用动词有：ask,tell,allow,want 等动词多为感官动词、使动词。动词多为感官动词、使动词。一感：feel二听：hear,listen to三使：make,let,have四看：see,notice,watch,look atJohns mother makes him play the piano every day.被动：John _ play the piano every day.is made to2、动词、动词+宾语宾语+不带不带to的不定式的不定式1、Let him _ the work at once.(finish/to finish)2、Do you like listening to other people_?(talk/talking/to talk)3、Jim was seen _the room.(enter/to enter)4、Please tell her _here on time.(come/to come)finishtalkto enterto come练习练习5、Ill help you _this problem.(to solve/solve)6、I wish you will stay with us.(改成简单句）改成简单句）7、Her story made us laugh.(改成被动句）改成被动句）(to)solveI wish you to stay with us.We were made to laugh by her story.1、主语、主语+be+to do sth 主语多为主语多为 duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/ambition/dream/work/job 等等 名词名词 1、My ambition is to be a singer.2、His work is to clean the classroom every day.作表语作表语我的梦想是成为一名歌手。他的工作是每天清扫教室。2 2、谚语中、谚语中1、To know everything is to know nothing.2、To see is to believe.放在被修饰词的后面放在被修饰词的后面I have a lot of work to do.I want to find something to drink.作定语作定语不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的介词。不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的介词。Im looking for a hotel _.A.stay B.stay at C.to stay D.to stay atD位置位置：He hasnt got a house to live_.I have no pens to write _.in with1、原因状语、原因状语:主语主语+be+adj.(表情感表情感)+to do sth.(happy/glad angry /sorry/sad/afraid 等等)Im sorry to hear that.作状语作状语Im glad to see you.2 2、目的状语、目的状语 The soldier ran into the room to save the girl._ _ the soldier run into the room?Why didMany parents send their children abroad _.(深造学习)to further their studies3 3、结果状语、结果状语 too+adj./adv.+to do sth.adj./adv.enough to do sth.You are too young to do this job.He ran fast enough to catch the bus.动词不定式可以充当的句子成分动词不定式可以充当的句子成分1、作主语、作主语2、作宾语、作宾语3、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语4、作表语、作表语5、作定语、作定语6、作状语、作状语7、与特殊疑问词连用8、特殊用法和固定表达All I did was to give him some advice.His dream is to travel all over the world.Lucy needs a friend to play with.He was the last guest to arrive.Its interesting to read a science fiction.下列不定式作何种成分？下列不定式作何种成分？（表语）（表语）（表语）（表语）（定语）（定语）（定语）（定语）（主语）（主语）He was glad to see you.My father offered to buy a computer for me.He interviewed detective Ken to get some information.The doctor asked him to have more fruit and vegetables.（状语）（状语）（宾语）（宾语）（状语）（状语）（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）下列不定式作何种成分？下列不定式作何种成分？1、习惯于be used to _ 被用于be used to _Water is used to _(put)out fires.I am used to _(take)a walk after supper.2、prefer to 比起来更喜欢 比起游泳来，我更喜欢跑步。I prefer _ to _.3、look forward to 期待，盼望Im looking forward to _(visit)Beijing again.介词介词 to 与不定式与不定式 to 的区别的区别puttakingrunning swimmingvisitingdodoing1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4.作定语作定语5.作状语作状语6.作表语作表语7.作独立成分作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用三三.用法用法/功能功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn.(1).主语主语不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(2).表语表语I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3)宾语宾语think/consider/find it+adj.+to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,set outchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4).宾补宾补二看二看 watch see look at 三使三使 let make have 一听一听 listen to hear四注意四注意:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等等notice五感觉五感觉:2.用作宾语补足语：用作宾语补足语：(v.+sb.+to do)She asked me to help her.The teacher told him to come on time.Edisons mother taught him to read and write.want sb.to do wish sb.to do get sb.to do order sb.to do find sb.to be like sb.to do would like sb.to do help sb.to doI have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.(5).定语定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。2.不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。式后面仍须有相应的介词。3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。He had no money and no place to live.他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：注意比较：1.Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you）2.Do you have anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的的动作执行者是已被省略的me或或someone else）I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6)状语状语in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,whichwho,which,when,how,what ,when,how,what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。他不知道说什么。(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语主语)My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时我的问题是什么时候开始。候开始。(表语表语)注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。Why not have a rest?固定句型固定句型:1.had better/had best+(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2.Why(not)do sth.?3.prefer to do/prefer doing4.prefer+n./doing A+to+n./doing B5.prefer+to do A rather than (to)do B6.would rather(not)do sth.7.would rather do A than(do)B8.would rather+句子（过去式）句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）（虚拟语气）要做要做