2021-2022学年高中英语-WELCOME-UNIT单元检测新人教版必修第一册.doc

2021-2022学年高中英语 WELCOME UNIT单元检测新人教版必修第一册

2021-2022学年高中英语 WELCOME UNIT单元检测新人教版必修第一册

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WELCOME UNIT
单元综合检测(一)
第一部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节　(共15小题；每小题2.5分，共37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Lizzie's diary from Antarctica(南极洲)
Day 3：Tuesday　December 2
We planned to go to Rothera that morning. We'd be staying there for the next two weeks. Because Antarctica is the windiest place on earth, sometimes you can't fly at all.
We had a nervous wait over breakfast to find out if we'd be leaving that day. People have to stay in Stanley for weeks while the pilots wait for good weather.
It turned clear at 9：30 and we took off at 10：30 on a little red plane called Dash­7.But even when we were in the air, there was still a chance we wouldn't be able to fly the whole day.
Day 4：Wednesday　December 3
After waking up in the Antarctic for the first time today I can understand why everybody who comes here falls in love with the place. It is really beautiful.
We're staying at Rothera Survey base with mountains of ice all around. It is very cold, but the regulars here are often seen walking around in T­shirts!
Day 5：Thursday　December 4
I woke up to another beautiful sunny day here in the Antarctic. I'm told it's a bit colder today, but it's not very windy so it feels warmer. Those of us who are new to the base have to do a special training course before we're allowed to go off base to other stations or to go snowboarding over the nearby hill.
Day 7：Saturday　December 6
Not a cloud in the sky and it's warm enough to sit outside (in a jacket)．
The most amazing thing about this place is how the scenery changes every day.
At first I thought I was going mad. I'd step outside in the morning and think, “I'm sure that big mountain of ice wasn't there yesterday.” It's because the sea ice is always moving—slowly thankfully!
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇旅游日记。主要记述了作者在南极旅行时的经历。
1．When did Lizzie sit outside wearing a jacket?
A．On Tuesday. B．On Wednesday.
C．On Thursday. D．On Saturday.
D　[细节理解题。根据Day 7：Saturday December 6段中提到“Not a cloud in the sky and it's warm enough to sit outside (in a jacket)．”可知，这一天不太冷，室外也挺暖和，这里备注写上是穿上了夹克，这天是第七天，12月6号，星期六，故选D。]
2．What could stop Lizzie from leaving Stanley for Rothera?
A．Strong winds. B．Thick clouds.
C．Mountains of ice. D．Low temperature.
A　[推理判断题。在Day 3：Tuesday December 2段中提到“People have to stay in Stanley for weeks while the pilots wait for good weather.”，可知，人们必须待在Stanley，因为飞行员在等一个好天气，前文又提到“Because Antarctica is the windiest place on earth”，由此推测应该是大风天气使得他们无法起飞，不能离开Stanley去Rothera，故选A。]
3．How did Lizzie feel during her stay in the Antarctic?
A．Afraid. B．Nervous.
C．Amazed. D．Bored.
C　[推理判断题。在Day 4：Wednesday December 3段中提到“After waking up in the Antarctic for the first time today I can understand why everybody who comes here falls in love with the place.It is really beautiful.”可知，早上起来发现南极洲的风景实在是太棒了，一眼就爱上了，在最后一天的日记中也说“The most amazing thing about this place is how the scenery changes every day.”，由此可推断，Lizzie感觉南极很神奇，故选C。]
B
Moving flight times from night to day could reduce air travel's contributions to global warming, a new study suggests. Scheduling more daytime flights may reduce the influence of contrails(飞机凝迹) —the visible lines of white steam that many planes leave behind them in the sky.
The role of contrails in climate change is still being studied, but some scientists believe they contribute to the greenhouse effect by trapping heat in the atmosphere.
Nicola Stuber, first author of the study, suggests that contrails' overall impact on climate change is almost as big as that of aircraft's carbon dioxide emissions (排放)over a hundred­year period. Aircraft are believed to be responsible for 2%­3% of human carbon dioxide emissions. Like other high, thin clouds, contrails reflect sunlight back into space and cool the planet. However，they also trap energy in the atmosphere and increase the warming effect.
Stuber and other scientists believe that the effect of the contrails is big. “ On average, the greenhouse effect controls the effects of contrails，”said Stuber, a meteorologist at England's University of Reading. “The warming effect is far greater for contrails left by night flights，” Stuber added. “The cooling effect only happens during the day when the sun is up. During the night the greenhouse warming is no longer balanced and that is why the contribution of night­flight is so large.”
Most commercial airline traffic occurs during daylight hours. For example only one in four United Kingdom flights is a night flight, but those flights create some 60% of the warming created by contrails, the study reports.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是将飞机飞行时间从晚上改到白天，即安排更多的日间航班可能会减少航空旅行对全球变暖的影响，并阐述了其原因。
4．How do contrails increase the greenhouse effect?
A．They give off heat.

B．They absorb daylight.
C．They trap heat in the atmosphere.
D．They reflect sunlight back into space.
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段“...they contribute to the greenhouse effect by trapping heat in the atmosphere.”可知，飞机凝迹是通过它们在大气中吸收热量来增加温室效应的，故选C。]
5．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Carbon dioxide emissions.
B．Contrails.
C．Flights.
D．Thin clouds.
B　[代词指代题。根据第三段最后两句介绍了飞机凝迹的两大作用：一是将阳光反射回太空、使地球降温，二是将能量困在大气层、加剧温室效应，再根据they所在的句子“However, they also trap energy in the atmosphere and increase the warming effect.”可知they指代的是“飞机凝迹”，故选B。]
6．What did Stuber explain about the contrails in Paragraph 4?
A．What their function is.
B．How they cool the Earth.
C．Why they create big warming at night.
D．How big their effect is.
C　[推理判断题。通读第四段内容可知，飞机凝迹受温室效应的控制，降温效果只发生在太阳升起的白天，夜间的温室效应不再平衡，这就是夜间飞行留下的尾迹使温室效应更加严重的原因，Stuber是通过解释为什么它们会在晚上产生很大热量的原因来解释飞机凝迹的，故选C。]
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Airlines Should Schedule Flights
B．Night Flights Face a New Challenge
C．Airplane Contributes Most to Global Warming
D．More Day Flights May Reduce Global Warming
D　[标题归纳题。通读全文以及根据第一段的第一句“Moving flight times from night to day could reduce air travel's contributions to global warming”可知本文主要内容是：将飞机飞行时间从晚上改到白天，即安排更多的日间航班可能会减少航空旅行对全球变暖的影响，故D项能概括本文主题，故选D。]
C
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third­generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama's mother­in­law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by , 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two­thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family.
“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，”says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you're raising children.”
Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇关于人与社会问题的报道类夹叙夹议文。通过描述部分祖父母选择搬去和孩子们生活在一起，以便为孩子们提供帮助这件事，从而引发的更多人的选择与思考。
8．Why was Garza's move a success?
A．It strengthened her family ties.
B．It improved her living conditions.
C．It enabled her to make more friends.
D．It helped her know more new places.
A　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Today all three generations regard the move as a success giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.”可知这次搬家给他们带来了更紧密的家庭联系。故选A。]
9．What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson's decision?
A．17% expressed their support for it.
B．Few people responded sympathetically.
C．83% believed it had a bad influence.
D．The majority thought it was a trend.
D　[细节理解题。根据第二段结尾处“...83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two­thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family.”可知83%的人认为Mrs. Robinson的决定会影响美国家庭，2/3的人相信更多家庭会效仿，所以“多数人认为这是一种趋势”。故选D。]
10．What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?
A．They were unsure of themselves.
B．They were eager to raise more children.
C．They wanted to live away from their parents.
D．They had little respect for their grandparents.
C　[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，”可知那时的人们一心希望离家越远越好、越快越好。故选C。]
11．What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?
A．Make decisions in the best interests of their own.
B．Ask their children to pay more visits to them.
C．Sacrifice for their struggling children.
D．Get to know themselves better.
A　[推理判断题。第四段首句“Moving is not for everyone.”已经说明“移居并非适合每一个人”，再结合下文“Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.”可知“(祖父母)得知孩子们在异地艰苦的生活，是很难过的，但(祖父母)放弃自己熟悉的生活也许会更难过”，所以推断出作者建议“作选择时要慎重，要以自己最大的需求为衡量标准”。故选A。]
D
Born in 1918, in the little town of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, Katherine Johnson was simply attracted by numbers. As a child, she counted everything. She counted the steps to the road, the steps up to church, the number of dishes she washed...By the time she was 10 years old, she was a high school freshman, which was truly amazing in a time when school for African­Americans normally stopped at eighth grade. To meet her math potential，her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute, West Virginia, where blacks could continue high school education. Johnson's excellent performance proved her father's decision was the right one: Katherine skipped grades to graduate from high school at 14 and from college at 18.
1953, after years as a teacher and later as a stay­at­home mom, she began working for NASA, which began hiring women to measure and calculate the results of wind tunnel (风洞)tests in 1935. In a time before the electronic computers, these women were called “computer”. Even after NASA began using electronic computers, the astronaut John Glenn requested that she should personally recheck the calculations made by the new electronic computers before his flight.
She continued to work at NASA until 1986. Her calculations proved _critical to the success of the Apollo Moon landing program and the United States' journey into space. Her story was the basis for the 2016 film Hidden Figures
Katherine Johnson, a great mathematician, physicist, space scientist and the last computer that wore skirts, passed away on February 24, 2020.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了伟大的数学家、物理学家、太空科学家和被称为“最后一台穿裙子的计算机”的凯瑟琳·约翰逊凭借自己的数学头脑为美国宇航局做出的重要贡献。
12．What can be inferred from Paragraph 1?
A．Katherine left high school at eighth grade.
B．Katherine was gifted in math as a child.
C．Katherine was required to count in her childhood.
D．African­Americans had a good education in the 1920s.
B　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“To meet her math potential, her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute, West Virginia, where blacks could continue high school education. Johnson's excellent performance proved her father's decision was the right one”可知约翰逊从小就有数学天赋，因此从第一段可推理得知凯瑟琳·约翰逊小时候在数学方面很有天赋。故选B项。]
13．How long did Katherine work at NASA?
A．18 years. B．33 years.
C．51 years. D．81 years.
B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“1953, ..., she began working for NASA”及第三段的“She continued to work at NASA until 1986.”可知1953年她开始为美国宇航局工作，1986年结束，一共是33年。故选B项。]
14．Which best explains the underlined word“critical”in Paragraph 3?
A．Important. B．Successful.
C．Dangerous. D．Harmful.
A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Even after NASA began using electronic computers, the astronaut John Glenn requested that she should personally recheck the calculations made by the new electronic computers before his flight.”可知她的计算结果非常重要。由此可推知她的计算结果对阿波罗登月计划的成功和美国的太空之旅至关重要。因此A项最能解释第三段中带下划线的“critical”一词。故选A项。]
15．What's the best title for the text?
A．Scientists at NASA
B．Katherine Johnson's Education
C．A Great Mathematician's Decision
D．Katherine Johnson，a Computer That Wore Skirts
D　[标题归纳题。根据第二段的“she began working for NASA, which began hiring women to measure and calculate the results of wind tunnel (风洞) tests in 1935. In a time before the electronic computers, these women were called ‘computer’．”及第三段的“Her calculations proved critical to the success of the Apollo Moon landing program and the United States' journey into space.”可知本文主要讲述了被称为“计算机”的凯瑟琳·约翰逊凭借自己的数学头脑为美国宇航局做出的重要贡献，因此D项是本文最佳标题。故选D项。]
第二节　(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I don't like my parents. They always tell me I should do this and should not do that. It sometimes makes me angry，” said Zhang Hua, a middle school student in Guangzhou. 16
Perhaps your parents had the same problem when they were at your age long ago. Why does it seem that some parents are not so friendly in their children's eyes?
One of the biggest things is when someone becomes a parent, he or she likes worrying about things. Parents do a lot for you, though something will make you angry. They worry about your choice of friends, the food you eat, your work at school, how much sleep you get... 17 They want you to grow up healthily and happily.
So how can you make things easier by yourself？ 18 Just make sure your parents know what you're doing. Let them know your friends. 19 Take responsibility for what you have done. Talk about your ideas with them. They may talk about theirs with you.
And you should think about why your parents do this or that. They still practice being parents and need help that you can give them. 20 they may be able to help you get on well with your children.
A．Some day, when you become a parent，
B．All these things are part of your life.
C．Say sorry to them when you make mistakes.
D．It's harder than you think.
E. It's easier than you think.
F. Do you have the same problem?
G. You can make all these things by yourself，
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有些孩子和父母相处并不愉快，但是父母在他们这个年纪时也有过相同的问题。文章主要就如何与父母相处提出了一些建议。
16．F　[根据上文以及下一段中“Perhaps your parents had the same problem when they were at your age long ago.”可知，本句为过渡句，借用张华的例子来反问读者是否有和张华一样的问题，且后文中“the same problem”可对应到F选项中the same problem。故F选项“你有同样的问题吗？”符合语境，故选F。]
17．B　[根据上文“One of the biggest things is when someone becomes a parent, he or she likes worrying about things. Par