英语听力入门step_by_step_2000第二册答案.pdf

A.1.What kind of student comes to Oxford?The answer to this is,there is Oxford Type,Common qualities they look for are commitment,enthusiasm and motivation for your chosen area of study backed by a strong academic record.2.The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest universities in the world,and one of the largest in the United Kingdom.It has a worldwide reputation for outstanding academic achievement and the high quality of research undertaken in a wide range of science and arts subjects.3.The University of Sydney was the first to be established in Australia and,after almost 150 years of proud achievement,still leads in innovation and quality.The University excels in sport and social activities,debating,drama,music and much more.4.Known for excellence in teaching,research,and service to the community,the university of Victoria serves approxi-mately 17,000 students.It is favored by its location on Canadas spectacular west coast,in the capital of British Columbia.5.New Zealands largest university,the University of Auckland,was established in 1833,and has grown into an international center of learning and academic excellence.The University is situated in the heart of the cosmopolitan city of Auckland and provides an exciting and stimulating environment for 26,000 students.6.Founded in 1636 Harvard has a 380-acre urban campus with easy access to Boston.It has a total enrollment of about 18,500 students.This university comprises many different schools such as the Faculty of Arts and Sciences,School of business Administration and School of Education.7.Columbia University is an independent coeducational universi-ty,which awards masters,doctoral,professional,and other advanced degrees,with an enrollment of about 20,000 grade-ate and professional students.8.Boston University is located along the banks of the Charles River.With more than 30,000 students from all over the United States and 135 countries,it is the third largest inde-pendent university in the United States.BAmerican universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years.Now,some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online.One uni-versity offers both bachelors degrees and masters degrees.Offi-cials say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one.For example,in some programs,groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together.They communicate by computer.Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching.Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.Students who have a taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to a building at a set time to listen to a professor.Professors say they have better communica-tion with students through eimail notes than they do in many tra-ditional classes.1-2B.Primary school entering ageSecondary school enteringagePermissible age to leave schoolBritain5111 6The United States6junior high:11 senior high:1 41 6Australia5intermediate school:11 high school:12/131 6Canada6about 131 6C.1.GCSE examinations2.Students/higher education3.student/second year/high school/college4.General exam/School Certificate5.Sitting University Entrance Examination6.Bachelors degree:3/4 years Masters degree:another year or two Doctorate:a further 3_-7 years1-3A.1.Education has acquired a kind of snob value in modern times.2.Nowadays if we want to get a decent job,we have to have a piece of paper.3.If we want to get promotion in even a humblest job,we have to obtain a certificate or a diploma first.4.Experience and practical skills are regarded as relatively unim-portant.5.Johnson wouldve been a manager by now if hed taken the trouble to get a degree.6.He1 s a clever man,he couldve done anything if hed had a proper eductation.7.Would it not be better to allow people to become expert in a way most suited to them rather than oblige them to follow a set course of instruction,which may offer no opportunity for them to develop skills in which they wouldve become expert if left to themselves?B.Major viewpoints Supporting ideas and facts Statement Numbers:1,4,7 Statement Numbers:2,3,4,61-4 Thinking ahead of the speaker-Anticipation HelpsListening is an extremely complex communicative activity.In his book Principles and Implications of cognitive Psychology,Nasser defines listening as a temporally ex-tened activity in which the listener continuously develops more or less specific readiness for what will come next.In other words,an effective listener is constantly setting up hy-pothesis in his mind,and also,he is constantly testing his hypothesis by matching it with what he has heard in rality.If he hears what he has expected,he receives the informal-ton.But if what he hears is totally out of his expectation,he fails to get the meassge.The skill to anticipate what is coming in listening com-prehension depends largely on the listeners familiarity with the theme of the message.It also depends on the listeners knowledge of the speaker as well as the settingObviously,when we listen to something that we already have some information about,it is generally a lot easier for us to take in the new information.Therefore,pre-listening preparation seems to have a big role to play in enhancing listening comprehension.Before actual listening,we could perhaps first give some thought to the topic,discuss it with others,read some related materials and do some vocabulary work.If we could make ourselves fully orientated for the forthcoming talks or lectures,we are moa likely to become effective listeners.Of course,readiness beforehand is not at all enough.Active thinking must take place all the way through.In fact,we should always try to think ahead of the speaker.The ability to anticipate helps us in logical and intelligent guesswork.It does not only enable us a to know generally what a person is going to talk about in a certain situation,but also,interestingly enough,sometimes even exactly what a persons next utterance is going to be in a discussion?.2-1A.1.There are more than 2,700 languages in the world.In addi-tion,there are more than 7,000 dialects.A dialect is a region-al variety of a language that has a different pronunciation,vocabulary,or meaning.2.The language in which a government conducts business is the official language of that country.3.One billion people speak English.Thats 20 percent of the worlds population.4.Four hundred million people speak English as their first lan-guage.For the other 600 million its either a second language or a foreign language.5.There are more than 500,000 words in the Oxford dictionary.Eighty percent of all English vocabulary comes from other languages.6.Eighty percent of all information in the worlds computers is in English.7.Somalia is the only African country in which the entire popu-lation speaks the same language,Somali.8.More than 1,000 different languages are spoken on the conti-nent of Africa.9.When the American spaceship Voyage began its journey in 1977,it carried a gold disc.On the disc,there were mes-sages in 55 languages.Before all of them,there was a mes-sage from the Secretary General of the United Nations in English.B.1.learning styles:different ways of learning that different people have2.hearing learners:people who learn best by listening3.visual learners:people who learn best by reading or looking at pictures4.tactile learners:people who learn best by touching and doing thingsC.1-a 2 c 3 d 4 b.2-2B Not afraid to make PaSSlVeO not speaking up2-3mistakes0 interested in the mistakes he makes and having them corrected Eager to experiment with ev-ery new thing O trying to use something newO playing with the language testing himself#Doing more of his own bat Working outside the class-room reading booksmuchO rarely asking the teacher why this and why not something elseO relying entirely on the teacher just accepting what the teacher gives him and doing nothing more with it Unwilling toStick hisneck OUt afraid to makemistakes#Invariably deciding the other person is more likely to be right than himself not too sure abut the testA.Things that make English difficult to learnHodgepodge Idioms in informal English Largest vocabularyCermanic French Greek&Latin Anglo-Saxon FrenchIrregularity in spelling&Pronunciation(F)1.The English language is a mixture of different languages,This feature has nothing good but only to make it more difficult to learn.(T)2.According to the speaker,some words from the French have more prestige than those from the Old English although they mean the same thing.(F)3.Canadian English is close to American English in some words and idioms.But the spelling and pronunciation reflect British usage.3-1A.1.Position:cook Qualifications:good and dependable experience work on weekends way of contact:call 23597392.Position:English and math teachersQualifications bachelor degree teaching certificateWay of contact:resume to Wales Charter School,19 Snow Road,NYC3.Position:Marketing Communication supervisorQualifications bachelor degree in Business Administration good PC and presentation skills Way of contact:resume to MTP,P.O.Box 354,Syracuse,NY 16493 4.Position:Area Sales ManagerOffers to employees:professional carreers and extensive training Qualifications:professional carres and extensive trainingQualifications:dynamic,hardworking and initiated quick learnerinterested in working in a challenging environment mobile and able to travel extensively way of contact:detailed resume with expected salary and recent photo to Martin Apparel,385 Rockledge Street,Syracuse.NY 158355.Position:Buyer Offers to employees:competitive salary and benefits package excellent career development opportunitiesQualifications bachelor degree in business or engineering 2-3 Years relevant working experience good command of English good communication and interpersonal skills ability to work in teamsvWay of contact:resume with recent photo,contact phone number and a copy of diploma to 943 West Avenue,Syracuse,NY 186406.Position:AccountantQualifications university degree in accounting or auditing strong computer skills a minimum of 3 years experience with trading companies Way of contact:resume with education certificate,ID card copy and photo to 404,South 7th Street,NYCB.Looking for a career change?A decade ago,who would have guessed that web designer would be one of the hottest jobs of 2000?Do you have any idea what will be the other six hottest jobs in the 21st century?Here are some suggestions:1.Tissue engineersWith man-made skin already on the market,25 years from now scientists expect to be culturing growing organs in test tubes.Or trying,anyway.2.Genetic programmersAfter scanning your DNA for defects,doctors will use gene therapy and mart molecules to cure diseases,including certain cancers.2.Pharmers/Pharmacologic farmersAfter scanning your DNA for defects,doctors will use gene therapy and mart molecules to cure diseases,including certain cancers.3.Pharmers/Pharmacologic farmersNew-age farms will raise crops and livestock that have been genetically engineered to produce therapeutic proteins.Works in progress include a vaccine-carrying tomato and drug-laden milk from cows,sheep and goats.4.Genetically-modified food monitorsNot sure what for dinner?With a little genetic fiddling,fast-growing fish and freeze-resistant fruits will help feed an overpopulated planet5.Hot-line handymenStill daunted by the though of reprogramming your video cassette recorder(VCR),let alone your digital versatile disc(DVD)?Just wait until your 3-D holographic TV won power up or yourtalking toaster starts giving abouse.Remote diagnostics will take care of most of your home electronice,but a few repair-men will still make house calls via video phone.6.Narrow castersToday broadcasting industry will become increasingly per-sonalized.Working together,media and advertisers will create content just for you.Ambient commercials will also hijack your attention by using tastes and smells.3-2B.1.All of the managers and painters who work for Student Paint-ers are.a.professional painters b.full-time college students c.local high school students.2.Mark Laratonda is.a.a manager for Student Paintersb.the owner of Student Painters c.a customer of Student Painters3.People who work for Student Painters are.a.earning college credit b.earning money for college tuition and expensesc.working for their parents 4.The goal of Student Painters is to.a.give students a chance to experience the real business worldb.teach students how to paint,c.provide travel opportunities for studentsC.1.(F)2.(T)3.(F)4.(F)5.(F)6.(T)7.(F)D.Mark Laratondas responsibilities at Student painters1.hiring painters 2.doing advertisings,providing equipment4.taking care of payroll5.writing contracts,doing final inspection with customer3-3B.1affect/future course of life/affect/future course of life/determine/friends/husband or wife/where you live/recreational activiaties/other as-pects2weak points/strong ones/what kind/you want to be3what/other people/important and challenging/talk to peo-ple/watch/at work4satisfaction/not just start/years to come/importance of education/promotion/preference/educated persons5experience/benefit/help/think about/stimulate/really want to do/offer suggestions/take advantageof/qualities and qualifications6read about/study/over and over again3-4 You Just Cant Remember So Much!-Learn to Select,Learn to SimplifyAt a certain stage of English listening,some students may report a kind of unpleasant or even frustratin experi-ence.They say that while listening,they seem to understand everything that they hear,but as soon as the voice stops,all is gone!They say that they just cant remember what they heard,not to mention writing down or speaking out.What causes this problem?Is it also your complaint?Let us try to discuss the matter from two perspectives.First,knowing some difference between comprehend-sion and production is important.When we learn a new Ian-guage,we usually pass through at least three communication stages,namely,the one-way stage,the partial two-way stage and the full two-way stage.Obviously,theres the gap in between.Just as Brown and Terrell point out in their books on language learning and language teaching,The in-ability to produce an item should not be taken to mean that the learner cannot comprehend it,Therefore,if we can comprehend what is being said to us,we have achieved the first goal.Thats quite encouraging!Secondly,of course,we II have to move on.And we must be aware of some possible traps on our way to effective listening.When we listen,are we paying equal attention to every element in each utterance?Are we attempting to memorize and repeat and write down all the details in a pas-sage?If so,we need to think for a while.Human memory can retain only a limited amount of information at a time.Therefore,only by learning to select and simplify can we possibly absorb what is really im