高中英语语法倒装总结全.doc

倒 装 句
倒装的两种考法：
1. 放在单项选择题中，考查考生的倒装语法知识是否熟练掌握；
2. 放在完形填空和阅读理解中，设置理解障碍。
倒装的两种形式：
1. 完全倒装： 将整个谓语动词提到主语前。
2. 部分倒装：即半倒装，将谓语的一部分即助动词提到主语前。
一、完全倒装
1】表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off, over, back等标志词放在句首，句子用完全倒装。
【翻译句子】
(1)车来了。 Here comes the bus.
(2)铃响了。 There goes the bell.
(3)孩子们冲出来了。 Out rushed the children.
(4)那个男孩离开了。 Away went the boy.
【疑难】
Here it is.
In she came.
Away he went.
【疑难剖析】当主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变。
2】地点状语放在句首且谓语动词为come, live, lie, go, sit, stand等时用完全倒装。
【完成例句】
(5)河的南面有一家小工厂。In south of the river lies a small factory.
(6)山谷里传来一声喊叫。From the valley came a cry.
3】 such, the following等放句首时，句子要完全倒装。
【翻译句子】
(7)Such are the facts. 情况就是如此。
(8)生活就是这样。 Such is life.
(9)The following is the answer to the question. 这个问题的答案如下。
4】There lie / exist / stand / live ＋主语＋…是there be 句型的变式
【翻译句子】
(10)山顶上有一幢高楼。There is a tall building on the top of the mountain.
(11)山顶上耸立着一座古塔。There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain.
5】“表语＋系动词＋主语”的结构。
【例句观察】
Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.
出席晚会的有格林先生，还有一些别的宾客。
Seated on the ground are a group of young men. 坐在地上的是一群年轻人。
【注意】此时，主语较长，可还原为正常语序即：主＋系动词＋表语。
二、部分倒装
将情态动词、助动词、be提到主语前。 (通常可以还原为正常的语序，并以此检验倒装句是否正确。)
1】含有否定意义的副词或短语如：few, little, never, not, nowhere, rarely, seldom, at no time, by no means, in no case等放在句首时，需用部分倒装。
【翻译句子】
(12)Little does he know about the news. 他对这消息知之甚少。
(13)By no means can he catch up in such a short time. 他根本不可能在这么短的时间里赶上来。
【疑难1
He is active in personality, and he seldom stays indoors. (无助动词)
He is active in personality, and seldom does he stay indoors. (添加does)
【疑难剖析1】若原句中没有助动词，必须根据谓语动词的具体时态来确定相应的助动词do, does 或did。
【完成例句】
(14)— 我有大量的工作要做。
— I've got an enormous amount of work to do.
— 我也是。
—So have I.
(15)他，和他全家人一样，相信你是无辜的。
He believed, as did all his family, that you were innocent.
(16)如果她不同意这个计划，Tom也不会同意。
If she doesn‘t agree to the plan, neither will Tom.
2】so / as / neither / nor 为标志词放在句首时，句子用倒装。
①表示前面所说的肯定情况，也适合于另一人或物时，句式如下：
so / as ＋ be (助动词或情态动词)＋ 主语。
②表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一人或物时，句式如下：
neither (nor)＋ be (助动词或情态动词)＋ 主语。
【特别提醒】
① “so ＋主语＋助动词(或be动词)”表示对上文肯定的内容加以肯定或赞同，意为“的确如此”；
— It's raining hard. 天下着大雨。
— So it is. 是的。
② “主语＋did ＋so”表示：“主语”这样做了。 例如：
Tom asked me to go to play football with him and I did so.
Tom要我去踢足球，我去了。
3】①“only ＋ 状语(或状语从句)”放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。
②only之后跟的不是状语时不可倒装。
【完成例句】
(17)你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。Only in this way can you learn English well.
(18)只有他有时间的话他才会来。Only if he has time will he come here.
(19)他被请了3次才来开会。Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
(20)Only that boy can work out the problem. 只有那个男孩才能解答出这个问题。
(21)Only socialism can save China. 只有社会主义才能救中国。
4】在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中，从句谓语有助动词were, had, should时，可将if 省略，而把 were, had, should 移到句首。
【翻译句子】
(22)如果我是你，我就不会那样做。 Were I you, I wouldn't do that.
【特别提醒】
①若从句是否定句，则必须将 not放在主语后。
② had必须是助动词。

5】在 “so…that” 和 “ such…that”结构中，将“so＋adj. ”和“such＋n. ”提到句首时，句子用部分倒装。
【完成例句】
(23)暴风雨如此厉害，整个屋顶都被吹掉了。
So terrible was the storm that the whole roof was blown off.
(24)杰克是如此聪明的孩子，他能解答所有这些难题。
Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able to work out all these difficult problems.
6】often, always, once, many a time, now and then, every the other day, then等状语位于句首时，句子部分倒装。
【完成例句】
以前我经常提到他。
Often did I speak of him.
他常常帮助我做实验。
Many a time has he helped me with my experiment.
7】在not…until…, no sooner…than…, scarcely/hardly…when, not only…but also…, neither…nor…,等否定词开头的句式中。
【完成例句】
约翰知道昨天才改变了主意
Not until yesterday did John change his mind.
她一坐下，电话就响了。
Hardly had she sat down when the phone rang.
他没去拜访她，他也不会这样做。
Neither has he called on her,nor will he do so.
她不但说的正确，而且说的流利。
Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently.
8】当as /though引导让步状语从句时，可出现“N/adj/adv/分词+as +S+V”或“V+as+S+助动词”的倒装形式。当表语是名词时，名词前不加任何冠词。
【完成例句】
尽管他们很勇敢，但这样的危险仍使他们感到畏惧。
Brave as they were, the danger made them afraid.
尽管他是孩子，但是他知道的很多。
Child as he is, he knows a lot of things.
虽然尝试了，但是她打不开门。
Try as she might, she couldn’t get the door open.
8】当may 放句首，表达祝愿时，句子倒装。May you succeed.