初中英语动词不定式部分知识讲解及练习.doc

动词不定式一. 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。二. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形 三. 动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（6点）1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit Mexico.2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介词结构on.可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. 3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel / find / make / . it + adj. / n. + to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接动词不定式又可接v_ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，v_ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：1) Then I started to watch Tv.2) I am beginning to understand my parents.begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。3) I like to eat vegetables. 感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。5.后接动词不定式或v_ing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v_ing形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如：1)When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me. 2)I stopped using them last year. 6. 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。 ( ) 1.I often see Tom_on the playground. When I passed the playground yesterday, I saw him_.A. play; playingB. to play; playC. playing; to playC. playing; play( ) 2. What does the sign on the bottle mean? It means “ ”.A. This side upB. DangerousC. RecyclableD. No Parking( ) 3.When the player finished running, he was out of_. .A. breatherB. breathingC. breathD. the breath( ) 4. How about going hiking this weekend? Sorry, I prefer rather than .A. to stay at home; go outB. to go out; stay at homeC. staying at home; go outD. going out; stay at home( ) 5. We really shouldnt use plastic bags any more when shopping. Its important to protect our environment.A. So does it.B. With pleasure.C. Thats OK.D. So it is.( ) 6. To the supermarket with Wang Fan.A. Where have you gone?B. Where did you go to the supermarket?C. Where have you been?D. Wheres Wang Fang?( ) 7.I afraid of the dark, but now I dont.A. use toB. used toC. use to beD. used to be( ) 8.The earth is years old.A. four thousands six hundredsB. four thousand six hundredC. four thousand and six hundred millionD. four thousand six hundred millions( ) 9.They have made so great progress .A. three years agoB. for three yearsC. in the past three yearsD. before three years( ) 10. Has Li Hong gone to the library? Pardon? I asked the library.A. if Li Hong had gone toB. if had Li Hong gone toC. Li Hong had gone toD. has Li Hong gone to( ) 11. Oh, Miss Wei. Your skirt looks nice. Is it new? No, I it since three years ago.A. hadB. boughtC. have hadD. have bought( ) 12. Must they clean and tidy the classroom now? No, they . It after school in the afternoon.A. mustnt; must cleanB. neednt; must cleanC. mustnt; need be cleaned;D. dont have to; can be cleaned( ) 13. Its one oclock now. I must go. Its raining outside. Dont leave it stops.A. whenB. sinceC. whileD. until( ) 14. your help, we can finish the task in time.A. Thanks toB. Thanks forC. BecauseD. Thank( ) 15.We should plant more trees on sides of the street.A. eitherB. bothC. allD. each2