初中英语语法——现在完成时和过去完成时.doc

初中英语语法现在完成时和过去完成时初中英语语法现在完成时和过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时主要表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或从过去一直持续到现在的动作，包含“已完成”与“未完成”两种意义。其构成形式为“主语have/has+过去分词”。1. 现在完成时的构成eg: Though he has read the book three times, he hopes to read it again.尽管他已经把这本书读了三遍，他仍希望能再读一遍。eg: I have not heard from my parents for a long time. 我很长时间没有收到父母的来信了。eg: Have you travelled to another place? 你去过别的地方旅行吗?2. 现在完成时的用法(1) 表示发生在过去的动作对现在仍有影响。eg: He has turned off the light. eg: I have never seen such fine pictures before.eg: He has just gone to England.eg: Have you packed yet ?(2) 表从过去开始一直延续到现在（可能延续下去）的 动作或状态。eg: He has lived here since 1995.eg: I have been away from my hometown for thirty years. 我离开家乡有30年了。eg: Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened. 自从该工厂成立以来，王叔叔就一直在这里工作。知识归纳常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:表示不确定的过去时间状语,如already, before, recently, just;频度时间状语，如never, ever, once;包括现在时刻在内的时间状语，如this morning, today;表示一段时间的状语，如since/ for.:.;与现在时刻相连的时间状语，如up to now, so far等。eg: 1 have lived in Bejing since I came to China. 自从我来到中国就一直住在北京。(3) have gone to和have been to的区别have gone to表示“去而未归”; have been to表示“去已归来”。eg: - Hello, may I speak to Zhang Jun? - Oh, sorry! He has gone to Guiyang.你好,我可以和张军通话吗? - 噢,抱歉。他去贵阳了。eg: John knows the way well. He has been to the city before. 约翰很熟悉那条路。他以前去过那个城市。要点提升在完成时中，一个非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语用，此时需要将非延续性动词改为延续性动词或者状态动词。eg: He has hen arrived for ten years. 他已经结婚10年了。eg: His grandfather has been dead for over 20 years. 他爷爷已经去世20年了。 过去完成时出题点: (1)过去完成时的基本用法: (2)表示“意愿、打算”的动词用于过去完成时的用法; (3)过去完成时与现在完成时的区别过去完成时主要表示在过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有when, before, after, since等引导的时间状语从句或by, for等时间短语。1. 过去完成时的构成eg: Shehad left bythetimeI arrived. 我到达的时候她已经离开了。eg: She had not gone home. 她还没有回家。eg: Have you travelled to anotherplace? 你去另外一个地方旅行过吗?2. 过去完完成时的用法(1)表示在过去之前已经发生的动作，一般需有过去的某一时间作参照。eg: When I telephonedSue,shehadgoneout. 我给苏打电话时，她已经出去了。eg: Whenthepolicearrived,thethiefhadrunaway. 警察赶到时，小偷已经逃跑了。Thethiefhadrunaway.Thepolicearrived.(2) 表示从过去某个时间开始一直持续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态。eg: She foundshehadleftherhandbagonthebus.eg: He had learned English for five years before he moved to Australia.表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hope, mean, want, think, expect, plan, intend等过去完成时表示“原本想.”（事实上并没有完成）之意。eg: Theyhadplanned to see us off at the airport. 他们本打算去机场给我们送行的。eg: I hadexpected toseeyou yesterday,but I was too buy. 我昨天本想去看你，可太忙了。4 / 4