数据库系统基础教程第七章答案(2).doc

Solutions
Chapter 7

7.1.1

a)

CREATE TABLE Movies (
title CHAR(100),
year INT,
length INT,
genre CHAR(10),
studioName CHAR(30),
producerC# INT,
PRIMARY KEY (title, year),
FOREIGN KEY (producerC#) REFERENCES MovieExec(cert#)
);

or

CREATE TABLE Movies (
title CHAR(100),
year INT,
length INT,
genre CHAR(10),
studioName CHAR(30),
producerC# INT REFERENCES MovieExec(cert#),
PRIMARY KEY (title, year)
);

b)

CREATE TABLE Movies (
title CHAR(100),
year INT,
length INT,
genre CHAR(10),
studioName CHAR(30),
producerC# INT REFERENCES MovieExec(cert#)
ON DELETE SET NULL
ON UPDATE SET NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (title, year)
);

c)

CREATE TABLE Movies (
title CHAR(100),
year INT,
length INT,
genre CHAR(10),
studioName CHAR(30),
producerC# INT REFERENCES MovieExec(cert#)
ON DELETE CASCADE
ON UPDATE CASCADE,
PRIMARY KEY (title, year)
);

d)
CREATE TABLE StarsIn (
movieTitle CHAR(100) REFERENCES Movie(title),
movieYear INT,
starName CHAR(30),
PRIMARY KEY (movieTItle, movieYear, starName)
);

e)

CREATE TABLE StarsIn (
movieTitle CHAR(100) REFERENCES Movie(title)
ON DELETE CASCADE,
movieYear INT,
starName CHAR(30),
PRIMARY KEY (movieTItle, movieYear, starName)
);

7.1.2

To declare such a foreign-key constraint between the relations Movie and StarsIn, values of the referencing attributes in Movie should appear in MovieStar as unique values. However, based on primary key declaration in relation StarIn, the uniqueness of movies is guaranteed with movieTitle, movieYear, and starName attributes. Even with title and year as referencing attributes there is no way of referencing unique movie from StarsIn without starName information. Therefore, such a constraint can not be expressed using a foreign-key constraint.

7.1.3

ALTER TABLE Product
ADD PRIMARY KEY (model);

ALTER TABLE PC
ADD FOREIGN KEY (model) REFERENCES Product (model);

ALTER TABLE Laptop
ADD FOREIGN KEY (model) REFERENCES Product(model);

ALTER TABLE Printer
ADD FOREIGN KEY (model) REFERENCES Product (model);

7.1.4

ALTER TABLE Classes
ADD PRIMARY KEY (class);

ALTER TABLE Ships
ADD PRIMARY KEY (name);

ALTER TABLE Ships
ADD FOREIGN KEY (class) REFERENCES Classes (calss);

ALTER TABLE Battles
ADD PRIMARY KEY (name);

ALTER TABLE Outcomes
ADD FOREIGN KEY (ship) REFERENCES Ships (name);

ALTER TABLE Outcomes
ADD FOREIGN KEY (battle) REFERENCES Battles (name);

7.1.5

a)
ALTER TABLE Ships
ADD FOREIGN KEY (class) REFERENCES Classes (class)
ON DELETE SET NULL
ON UPDATE SET NULL;

In addition to the above declaration, class must be declared the primary key for Classes.

b)
ALTER TABLE Outcome
ADD FOREIGN KEY (battle) REFERENCES Battles (name)
ON DELETE SET NULL
ON UPDATE SET NULL;

c)
ALTER TABLE Outcomes
ADD FOREIGN KEY (ship) REFERENCES Ships (name)
ON DELETE SET NULL
ON UPDATE SET NULL;

7.2.1

a)
year INT CHECK (year >= 1915)

b)
length INT CHECK (length >= 60 AND length <= 250)

c)
studioName CHAR(30)
CHECK (studioName IN (‘Disney’, Fox’, ‘MGM’, ‘Paramount’) )

7.2.2

a)
CREATE TABLE Laptop (
…
speed DECIMAL(4,2) CHECK (speed >= 2.0)
…
);

b)
CREATE TABLE Printer (
…
type VARCHAR(10)
CHECK (type IN (‘laser’, ‘ink-jet’, ‘bubble-jet’))
…
);

c)
CREATE TABLE Product (
…
type VARCHAR(10)
CHECK (type IN(‘pc’, ‘laptop’, ‘printer’))
…
);

d)
CREATE TABLE Product (
…
model CHAR(4)
CHECK (model IN (SELECT model FROM PC
UNION ALL
SELECT model FROM laptop
UNION ALL
SELECT model FROM printer))
…
);

* note this doesn’t check the attribute constraint violation caused by deletions from PC, laptop, or printer

7.2.3

a)
CREATE TABLE StarsIn (
…
starName CHAR(30)
CHECK (starName IN (SELECT name FROM MovieStar
WHERE YEAR(birthdate) > movieYear))
…
);

b)
CREATE TABLE Studio (
…
address CHAR(255) CHECK (address IS UNIQUE)
…
);

c)
CREATE TABLE MovieStar (
…
name CHAR(30) CHECK (name NOT IN (SELECT name FROM MovieExec))
…
);

d)
CREATE TABLE Studio (
…
Name CHAR(30) CHECK (name IN (SELECT studioName FROM Movies))
…
);

e)
CREATE TABLE Movies (
…
CHECK (producerC# NOT IN (SELECT presC# FROM Studio) OR
studioName IN (SELECT name FROM Studio
WHERE presC# = producerC#))
…
);

7.2.4

a)
CHECK (speed >= 2.0 OR price <= 600)

b)
CHECK (screen >= 15 OR hd >= 40 OR price <= 1000)

7.2.5

a)
CHECK (class NOT IN (SELECT class FROM Classes
WHERE bore > 16))
b)
CHECK (class NOT IN (SELECT class FROM Classes
WHERE numGuns > 9 AND bore > 14))
c)
CHECK (ship IN (SELECT s.name FROM Ships s, Battles b, Outcomes o
WHERE s.name = o.ship AND
b.name = o.battle AND
s.launched > YEAR(b.date)))

7.2.6

The constraint in Example 7.6 does not allow NULL value for gender while the constraint in Example 7.8 allows NULL.

7.3.1

a)
ALTER TABLE Movie ADD CONSTRAINT myKey
PRIMARY KEY (title, year);

b)
ALTER TABLE Movie ADD CONSTRAINT producerCheck
FOREIGN KEY (producerC#) REFERENCES MovieExec (cert#);

c)
ALTER TABLE Movie ADD CONSTRAINT lengthCheck
CHECK (length >= 60 AND length <= 250);

d)
ALTER TABLE MovieStar ADD CONSTRAINT noDupInExec
CHECK (name NOT IN (SELECT name FROM MovieExec));

ALTER TABLE MovieExec ADD CONSTRAINT noDupInStar
CHECK (name NOT IN (SELECT name FROM MovieStar));

e)
ALTER TABLE Studio ADD CONSTRAINT noDupAddr
CHECK (address is UNIQUE);

7.3.2
a)
ALTER TABLE Classes ADD CONSTRAINT myKey
PRIMARY KEY (class, country);
b)
ALTER TABLE Outcomes ADD CONSTRAINT battleCheck
FOREIGN KEY (battle) REFERENCES Battles (name);

c)
ALTER TABLE Outcomes ADD CONSTRAINT shipCheck
FOREIGN KEY (ship) REFERENCES Ships (name);

d)
ALTER TABLE Ships ADD CONSTRAINT classGunCheck
CHECK (class NOT IN (SELECT class FROM Classes
WHERE numGuns > 14));

e)
ALTER TABLE Ships ADD CONSTRAINT shipDateCheck
CHECK (ship IN (SELECT s.name FROM Ships s, Battles b, Outcomes o
WHERE s.name = o.ship AND
b.name = o.battle AND
s.launched >= YEAR(b.date)))

7.4.1

a)
CREATE ASSERTION CHECK
(NOT EXISTS
(
(SELECT maker FROM Product NATURAL JOIN PC)
INTERSECT
(SELECT maker FROM Product NATURAL JOIN Laptop)
)
);

b)
CREATE ASSERTION CHECK
(NOT EXISTS
(SELECT maker
FROM Product NATURAL JOIN PC
WHERE speed > ALL
(SELECT L2.speed
FROM Product P2, Laptop L2
WHERE P2.maker = maker AND
P2.model = L2.model
)
)
);

c)
CREATE ASSERTION CHECK
(NOT EXISTS
(SELECT model
FROM Laptop
WHERE price <= ALL
(SELECT price FROM PC
WHERE PC.ram < Laptop.ram
)
)
)
);

d)
CREATE ASSERTION CHECK
(EXISTS
(SELECT p2.model FROM Product p1, PC p2
WHERE p1.type = ‘pc’ AND
P1.model = p2.model)
UNION ALL
(SELECT l.model
FROM Product p, Laptop l
WHERE p.type = ‘laptop’ AND
p.model = l.model)
UNION ALL
(SELECT p2.model
FROM Product p1, Printer p2
WHERE p1.type = ‘printer’ AND
P1.model = p2.model)
);

7.4.2

a)
CREATE ASSERTION CHECK
( 2 >= ALL
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Ships GROUP BY class)
);

b)
CREATE ASSERTION CHECK
(NOT EXISTS
(SELECT country FROM Classes
WHERE type = ‘bb’
)
INTERSECT
(SELECT country FROM Classes
WHERE type = ‘bc’
)
);

c)
CREATE ASSERTION CHECK
(NOT EXISTS
(SELECT o.battle FROM Outcomes o, Ships s, Classes c
WHERE o.ship = s.name AND s.class = c.class AND c.numGuns > 9
)
INTERSECT
(SELECT o.battle FROM Outcomes o, Ships s, Classes c
WHERE o.result = ‘sunk’ AND o.ship = s.name AND
s.class = c.class AND c.numGuns < 9
)
);

d)
CREATE ASSERTION CHECK
(NOT EXISTS
(SELECT s1.name FROM Ships s1
WHERE s1.launched < (SELECT s2.launched FROM Ships s2
WHERE s2.name = s1.class
)
)
);

e)
CREATE ASSERTION CHECK
(ALL (SELECT class FROM Classes c)
IN (SELECT class FROM Ships GROUP BY class)
);

7.4.3
1)
presC# INT CHECK
(presC# IN (SELECT cert# FROM MovieExec
WHERE netWorth >= 10000000
)
)
2)
presC# INT Check
(presC# NOT IN (SELECT cert# FROM MovieExec
WHERE netWorth < 10000000
)
)

7.5.1

CREATE TRIGGER AvgNetWorthTrigger
AFTER INSERT ON MovieExec
REFERENCING
NEW TABLE AS NewStuff
FOR EACH STATEMENT
WHEN (500000 > (SELECT AVG(netWorth) FROM MovieExec))
DELETE FROM MovieExec
WHERE (name, address, cert#, netWorth) IN NewStuff;

CREATE TRIGGER AvgNetWorthTrigger
AFTER DELETE ON MovieExec
REFERENCING
OLD TABLE AS OldStuff
FOR EACH STATEMENT
WHEN (500000 > (SELECT AVG(netWorth) FROM MovieExec))
INSERT INTO MovieExec
(SELECT * FROM OldStuff);

7.5.2

a)
CREATE TRIGGER LowPricePCTrigger
AFTER UPDATE OF price ON PC
REFERENCING
OLD ROW AS OldRow,
OLD TABLE AS OldStuff,
NEW ROW AS NewRow,
NEW TABLE AS NewStuff
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NewRow.price < ALL
(SELECT PC.price FROM PC
WHERE PC.speed = NewRow.speed))
BEGIN
DELETE FROM PC
WHERE (model, speed, ram, hd, price) IN NewStuff;
INSERT INTO PC
(SELECT * FROM OldStuff);
END;

b)
CREATE TRIGGER NewPrinterTrigger
AFTER INSERT ON Printer
REFERENCING
NEW ROW AS NewRow,
NEW TABLE AS NewStuff
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Product
WHERE Product.model = NewRow.model))
DELETE FROM Printer
WHERE (model, color, type, price) IN NewStuff;

c)
CREATE TRIGGER AvgPriceTrigger
AFTER UPDATE OF price ON Laptop
REFERENCING
OLD TABLE AS OldStuff,
NEW TABLE AS NewStuff
FOR EACH STATEMENT
WHEN (1500 > (SELECT AVG(price) FROM Laptop))
BEGIN
DELETE FROM Laptop
WHERE (model, speed, ram, hd, screen, price) IN NewStuff;
INSERT INTO Laptop
(SELECT * FROM OldStuff);
END;

d)
CREATE TRIGGER HardDiskTrigger
AFTER UPDATE OF hd, ram ON PC
REFERENCING
OLD ROW AS OldRow,
OLD TABLE AS OldStuff,
NEW ROW AS NewRow,
NEW TABLE AS NewStuff
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NewRow.hd < NewRow.ram * 100)
BEGIN
DELETE FROM PC
WHERE (model, speed, ram, hd, price) IN NewStuff;
INSERT INTO PC
(SELECT * FROM OldStuff);

END;

e)
CREATE TRIGGER DupModelTrigger
BEFORE INSERT ON PC, Laptop, Printer
REFERENCING
NEW ROW AS NewRow,
NEW TABLE AS NewStuff
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (EXISTS (SELECT * FROM NewStuff NATUAL JOIN PC)
UNION ALL
(SELECT * FROM NewStuff NATUAL JOIN Laptop)
UNION ALL
(SELECT * FROM NewStuff NATUAL JOIN Printer))
BEGIN
SIGNAL SQLSTATE ‘10001’
(‘Duplicate Model – Insert Failed’);
END;

7.5.3

a)
CREATE TRIGGER NewClassTrigger
AFTER INSERT ON Classes
REFERENCING
NEW ROW AS NewRow
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Ships (name, class, lunched)
VALUES (NewRowclass, NewRow.class, NULL);
END;

b)
CREATE TRIGGER ClassDisTrigger
BEFORE INSERT ON Classes
REFERENCING
NEW ROW AS NewRow,
NEW TABLE AS NewStuff
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NewRow.displacement > 35000)
UPDATE NewStuff SET displacement = 35000;

c)
CREATE TRIGGER newOutcomesTrigger
AFTER INSERT ON Outcomes
REFERENCING
NEW ROW AS NewRow
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NewRow.ship NOT EXISTS (SELECT name FROM Ships))
INSERT INTO Ships (name, class, lunched)
VALUES (NewRow.ship, NULL, NULL);

CREATE TRIGGER newOutcomesTrigger2
AFTER INSERT ON Outcomes
REFERENCING
NEW ROW AS NewRow
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NewRow.battle NOT EXISTS (SELECT name FROM Battles))
INSERT INTO Battles (name, date)
VALUES (NewRow.battle, NULL);

d)
CREATE TRIGGER changeShipTrigger
AFTER INSERT ON Ships
REFERENCING
NEW TABLE AS NewStuff
FOR EACH STATEMENT
WHEN ( 20 < ALL
(SELECT COUNT(name) From Ships NATURAL JOIN Classes
GROUP BY country))
DELETE FROM Ships
WHERE (name, class, launched) IN NewStuff;

CREATE TRIGGER changeShipTrigger2
AFTER UPDATE ON Ships
REFERENCING
OLD TABLE AS OldStuff,
NEW TABLE AS NewStuff
FOR EACH STATEMENT
WHEN ( 20 < ALL
(SELECT COUNT(name) From Ships NATURAL JOIN Classes
GROUP BY country))
BEGIN
DELETE FROM Ships
WHERE (name, class, launched) IN NewStuff;
INSERT INTO Ships
(SELECT * FROM OldStuff);
END;

e)
CREATE TRIGGER sunkShipTrigger
AFTER INSERT ON Outcomes
REFERENCING
NEW ROW AS NewRow
NEW TABLE AS NewStuff
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN ( (SELECT date FROM Battles WHERE name = NewRow.battle)
< ALL
(SELECT date FROM Battles
WHERE name IN (SELECT battle FROM Outcomes
WHERE ship = NewRow.ship AND
result = “sunk”
)
)
)

DELETE FROM Outcomes
WHERE (ship, battle, result) IN NewStuff;

CREATE TRIGGER sunkShipTrigger2
AFTER UPDATE ON Outcomes
REFERENCING
NEW ROW AS NewRow,
NEW TABLE AS NewStuff
FOR EACH ROW
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN ( (SELECT date FROM Battles WHERE name = NewRow.battle)
< ALL
(SELECT date FROM Battles
WHERE name IN (SELECT battle FROM Outcomes
WHERE ship = NewRow.ship AND
result = “sunk”
)
)
)
BEGIN
DELETE FROM Outcomes
WHERE (ship, battle, result) IN NewStuff;
INSERT INTO Outcomes
(SELECT * FROM OldStuff);
END;

7.5.4

CREATE TRIGGER changeStarsInTrigger
AFTER INSERT ON StarsIn
REFERENCING
NEW ROW AS NewRow,
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NewRow.starName NOT EXISTS
(SELECT name FROM MovieStar))
INSERT INTO MovieStar(name)
VALUES(NewRow.starName);

CREATE TRIGGER changeStarsInTrigger2
AFTER UPDATE ON StarsIn
REFERENCING
NEW ROW AS NewRow,
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NewRow.starName NOT EXISTS
(SELECT name FROM MovieStar))
INSERT INTO MovieStar(name)
VALUES(NewRow.starName);

b)
CREATE TRIGGER changeMovieExecTrigger
AFTER INSERT ON MovieExec
REFERENCING
NEW ROW AS NewRow,
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NewRow.cert# NOT EXISTS
(SELECT presC# FROM Studio)
UNION ALL
SELECT producer