初中英语语法之句子种类.docx

初中英语语法之句子种类
句子种类
句子按说话目的可分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
陈述句
考点：陈述句的肯定结构和否定结构。
在肯定结构中，谓语动词不含否定词；否定结构是在系动词、助动词或情态动词后加not，除了not外，其他否定词，如no, hardly, never, neither, nor等，也可以构成否定句。
【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题
1. I was playing with my phone when my mother came in. (改为否定句)
I _______ _______ with my phone when my mother came in.
2. She often reads with her daughter in the evening. (改为否定句)
She _______ often _______ with her daughter in the evening.
3. Ellen has already bought some flowers. (改为否定句)
Ellen _______ bought any flowers _______.
疑问句
疑问句用来提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句。
《义务教育英语课程标准》要求同学们掌握前三种。
考点一：一般疑问句。
一般疑问句通常将系动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语前构成。一般疑问句用Yes或No来回答，其回答常用简略答语。注意：回答否定式的一般疑问句时，答语中的Yes和No的含义与其汉语意思恰好相反，意为“不”和“是的”。
【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题
1. The Browns were watching TV when they got the phone call last night. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ the Browns _______ TV when they got the phone call last night?
2. Dr Ma laid his papers on the desk for the young doctors to study. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ Dr Ma _______ his papers on the desk for the young doctors to study?
3. Didn’t he see you just now? (根据句意做出肯定或否定回答)
_______, he _______. He said hello to me.
考点二：特殊疑问句。
1. 以疑问词开始，以寻求信息为目的的句子叫特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时，不能用Yes或No，而要根据实际情况回答。
2. 常用的疑问词有：疑问代词what, which, who, whose, whom；疑问副词when, where, why, how；疑问词组how soon, how long, how far, how often, how old, how many, how much, what class, what time, what color等。
3. 特殊疑问句的结构：“疑问词(不作主语)+一般疑问句语序?”或“疑问词(作主语)+谓语+其他?”。
考点三：选择疑问句。
选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上情况，用or连接。回答时不能用Yes或No，而要根据选择的情况进行回答。
【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题
1. Lee has helped the local people sell their products since he returned to his hometown. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ has Lee helped the local people sell their products?
2. People will have robots at home in 20 years. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ will people have robots at home?
3. Uncle Zhu is making a vegetable salad for dinner now. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ Uncle Zhu making for dinner now?
4. I improved my Chinese a lot with the teachers’ help. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ you improve your Chinese a lot?
5. —Do you want to join the chess club or the football club? (根据句意做出回答)
—______________. I like playing football.
祈使句
考点一：肯定式
祈使句的肯定式以动词原形开头，祈使句的主语一般都是第二人称you，但往往省略。有时为了强调对方时，可以写出主语you或人名。为了使语气变得委婉、客气，可在句首或句末加上please。
考点二：否定式
在动词原形前加don’t构成否定的祈使句。
考点三：祈使句+and / or+分句
在句型“祈使句+and / or+分句”中，祈使句相当于条件状语从句。
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1._______ noise pollution, and we can live in a quiet environment.
A. Prevent
B. Preventing
C. Prevented
D. To prevent
( )2._______ on the grass. It’s a rule of the park.
A. Step
B. Don’t step
C. To step
Ⅱ. 按要求完成下列各题
1. You shouldn’t walk across the road when the light is red. (改为祈使句)
_______ _______ across the road when the light is red!
2. You shouldn’t tell lies to others and learn to be honest! （改为祈使句)
_______ _______ lies to others and learn to be honest!
感叹句
感叹句表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈的感情，一般由what或how引导，句末常用感叹号。
考点一：what引导的感叹句。
what修饰名词，它引导的感叹句有三种句型：
1. What + a / an +形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+其他)!
2. What +形容词+复数可数名词(+主语+其他)!
3. What +形容词+不可数名词(+主语+其他)!
考点二：how引导的感叹句。
how修饰形容词或副词，它引导的感叹句的句型为：How +形容词 / 副词(+主语+其他)!
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1.—_______ different life is today!
—Yeah. We are all living a happy and rich life now.
A. What a
B. How
C. What
( )2._______ nice weather it is! Let’s go for a picnic, Frank.
A. What
B. What a
C. How
D. How a
( )3._______ special classes we had! We have learned a lot about paper cutting.
A. What
B. What a
C. How a
D. How
Ⅱ. 按要求完成下列各题
1.Holly’s mother made delicious zongzi yesterday. (改为感叹句)
_______ _______ zongzi Holly’s mother made yesterday!

2.The volunteer worked hard to get more kids back to school. (改为感叹句)
_______ _______ the volunteer worked to get more kids back to school!
3.What beautiful flowers they are! (改为感叹句)
_______ _______ the flowers are!
综合训练
【考例链接】完成句子
1. 通往成功的道路是多么艰难！
_______ difficult the road to _______ is!
2 不要在走廊里互相追逐。
Don’t ____________ each other in the hallways.
3. 她多久整理一次卧室？
___________________________________________
4. 你曾经去过长城吗？
__________________________________________?
5. 我们在九月份庆祝教师节。(celebrate)
___________________________________________

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参考答案

陈述句

1. wasn’t playing 2. doesn’t; read 3. hasn’t; yet
疑问句
考点一：
1. Were; watching 2. Did; lay 3. Yes; did
考点二、考点三：
1. How long 2. How soon 3. What is 4. How did
5. The football club
祈使句
Ⅰ. 1-2 AB
Ⅱ. 1. Don’t walk 2. Don’t tell
感叹句
Ⅰ. 1-3 BAA
Ⅱ. 1. What delicious 2. How hard 3. How beautiful
综合训练
1. How; success 2. run after
3. How often does she tidy up her bedroom?
4. Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
5. We celebrate Teachers’ Day in September.