四方面分析如何做好排水管道工程施工质量管理.doc

四方面分析如何做好排水管道工程施工质量管理

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四方面分析如何做好排水管道工程施工质量管理
摘　要：从施工准备阶段、管道施工阶段、管线安装、检查井施工以及土方回填和闭水试验等方面论述了市政给排水管道工程施工质量管理重点及措施。
Pick to: based on the construction preparation stage， stage of pipeline construction, pipeline installation and construction inspection Wells and earthwork backfill and closed water test and so on discusses the municipal water supply and drainage pipeline engineering construction quality management emphasis and measures。
关键词:市政;给排水；管道
Key words： municipal; Water supply and drainage； pipeline
　　 一、 施工准备阶段质量控制
A preparation phase, construction quality control
　 （一）道路拆除与恢复？ 市政给排水管道施工必然涉及到一定路面的拆除与恢复工作，为了能够保证施工安全及路基质量，在道路开挖前应根据施工图纸计算开口宽度，用白漆标出开挖线之后用切割机将路面切断，用挖掘机对破碎的混凝土路面及碎石等垫层进行开挖并合理堆放以备后用，管路施工完成后的沟槽回填工作直接影响路面的质量及使用功能，尤其是在高原地区更应注重沟槽回填质量，一般对回填土或砂采用夯实或灌水密实，之后采用压路机分层碾压，回填应分层回填及夯实，并应控制每层回填厚度不超过25cm，夯实后采用核子密度仪测量密实度，待其压实率达到95％以上后方可进行下道工序施工。
（a) road demolition and recovery? Municipal water supply and drainage pipeline construction inevitably involves the removal of certain road and back to work, in order to ensure construction safety and quality of roadbed， road excavation shall be computed according to the construction drawings before opening width, marked by white paint after excavation line with cutting machine cutting the pavement， excavator on the broken concrete pavement and gravel cushion layer such as excavation and arrange for later use， after completion of the construction of the pipeline trench backfill work directly affect the quality of the road and use function， more should pay attention to trench backfilling quality especially in plateau area, the general of backfill soil or sand compaction or irrigation is close-grained, after using roller layered crush, backfill should be stratified backfill and compact, and should control each backfill thickness is not more than 25 cm and compactness are measured with nuclear density gauge, after compaction for the compaction rate reaches more than 95％ of the rear can construction of next working procedure. 个人收集整理，勿做商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途
　　 (二)公共设施保护? 管道沟槽施工应根据土质情况采用支撑以免造成滑坡、塌方,若施工遇到建构筑物基础或电杆、灯杆等应制定防止下沉或变形措施后方可施工，一般应采用钢板桩加固方法;施工地区地下水量丰富则在管道施工过程中往往需要排水，应制定合理措施以保证地面不发生过大沉降而影响周围建构筑物使用安全；在埋有高压线地区内开挖时要求挖掘机不能在其正上方开挖,必要时采用人工开挖；开挖过程中遇到地下管线和各种构筑物应尽量迁移,若不能迁移应人工开挖使其外露之后采取吊托等加固措施。
(2） to protect public facilities？ Pipeline trench construction should be used according to soil conditions so as not to cause landslides and landslides, if construction meets the basic architectural structures or pole， light pole， etc should make measures to prevent sinking deformation or rear can construction， general steel sheet pile reinforcement method should be adopted; Construction is rich in underground water pipeline construction process often need to drainage, should formulate reasonable measures in place to ensure that the ground is not too large settlement and built structures around the use of safe; It was buried there is high tension line area excavation for excavator cannot in its upper part excavation, necessary use of artificial excavation; Encountered in the excavation process of underground pipeline and a variety of structures should be migrated, as far as possible without migration should make its exposed after artificial excavation crane such as reinforcement measures。 本文为互联网收集,请勿用作商业用途文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络
　　 二、 管道施工
Second, the pipeline construction
　　（一) 沟槽开挖与支护? 开挖过程中应根据土壤类别及性质确定槽帮坡度，对于较深沟槽宜分层开挖，挖槽土方应合理安排堆放位置以防止塌方；根据槽底宽、槽深边坡坡度及层间留台宽度来确定开槽断面，根据管道结构宽度加两侧工作宽度确定槽底宽度;雨季施工应在沟槽四周叠筑土埂,必要时在埂外开挖排水沟以防止雨水流槽内，必要时加设集水井用泵抽水来防止槽底泡水;开挖过程中随时对槽底进行高程检验,采用机械开挖时在槽底高程以上20cm应改换人工进行清挖以防止超挖，若遇超挖应采用碎石回填到设计高程或填土夯实,并保证其密实度不低于天然地基密实度［1］。
（a) groove excavation and supporting? In the process of excavation slope shall be determined according to the nature of soil type and trough help， for deep groove should be stratified excavation, excavated earthwork should reasonable arrangement of pile position in order to prevent landslides; According to the bottom of the channel width， groove deep slope and platform width between layers to determine the slotted section, according to pipe structure add width on both sides of the working width of the groove bottom width; Built TuGeng， rainy season construction should be folded around the groove excavation drainage ditch outside the piece when necessary in order to prevent the rain water flow groove, added a sump pump pumping when necessary to prevent drain soak water; Excavation of tank bottom elevation inspection at any time, in the process of using mechanical excavation height more than 20 cm from the bottom of the tank should be change to artificial clear digging, in order to prevent the overbreak， if encounter backbreak gravel backfill should be adopted to the design elevation or fill compaction, and ensure the compactness of not less than the natural subgrade compactness ［1］。 本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途
　　（二） 管基施工？ 管道垫层应按照设计宽度、厚度进行摊铺，铺设完成后尽快浇筑混凝土以免对垫层造成破坏,基础混凝土浇筑一般采用钢模板立模，并应复核槽底标高和模板顶弹线高程，以确保平基厚度及高程，并防止支杆的支撑点不直接支在松散土层，采取加垫板或桩木的措施以保证其强度、刚度及稳定性；浇筑后应先用插入式振动器振实后用平板振动器振平及抹平，一般第一次先将基础浇筑成水平状之后浇筑管座。?
（2） : jaasiel construction? Pipeline paving cushion should be carried out in accordance with the design width, thickness， laid as soon as possible after the completion of pouring concrete in order to avoid damage to cushion layer， foundation concrete pouring LiMo generally adopts the steel template， and should review the trough bottom elevation elevation and template for the top line, to ensure that the thickness of the base and the elevation, and prevent the strut is not directly in the support of loose soil， add pad or pile wood measures in place to ensure that its strength， stiffness and stability； Casting should be used after immersion vibrator vibrated with the tablet after vibration shaker flat and smooth, usually for the first time after first base casting into horizontal casting pipe. ? 本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途个人收集整理,勿做商业用途
　　施工中若遇到雨水或其它客水进入沟槽,应采取排水措施将其清除干净之后铺设砂垫层以保证沟槽施工防止带泥水浇筑平基混凝土。
If you encounter rain or any other guest in the construction of water into the groove， drainage measures should be taken to clean it after laying sand mat layer in order to make sure the grooves flat base mud casting concrete construction to prevent the belt.
　 （三） 管道安装
（3） the piping installation
　　给水管一般采用从上向下安装，排水管采用自下游向上游安装，若管线质量较大应采用吊车吊装,吊车开行至沟缘2m处即应停止以避免沟壁坍塌，下管时应专人指挥，绑管子应找好重心，平吊轻放以免扰动基底管道相互碰撞，若施工:现场狭窄不宜采用机械施工则应采用人工压绳下管，管路进入沟槽时应防止其与槽壁支撑及槽底或槽内管道碰撞,并应严格控制水平与方向.
Give down from on commonly used pipe installation, drainage pipe installation using from downstream to upstream, if the line quality should use crane hoisting, larger crane operation to gully edge 2 m should stop in order to avoid the collapse of walls, the tube should be the specialist command， tied pipe should be looking for a good center of gravity， flat hanging light in order to avoid disturbance basal pipeline collide with each other, if construction： the narrow unfavorable use mechanical construction should adopt under the artificial pressure line pipe, pipe into the groove should be prevent with the support and the bottom of the channel or pipe groove groove wall collision， and should strictly control the level and direction. 本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途
　　管道安装必须严格按照施工工艺进行施工，近年来管材尤其是给水管材多种多样，施工工艺也不尽相同，管道安装前必须垫稳，不能有倒坡现象，管道内不能存有泥土、砂浆等杂物，管道接口缝隙宽度应均匀.若需水泥砂浆抹带施工则应严格控制砂浆配合比，并保证砂浆搅拌均匀以确保其强度及和易性，抹带施工前应将管外壁凿毛并洗刷干净，之后根据管径进行抹带施工.，抹完后进行覆盖洒水养护以防止空鼓、开裂；对于直径不大于600mm的管路,在抹带施工的同时应配合用麻袋球等在管道内来回拖动以便将流入管路的砂浆托平，对于管径大于600mm的管路应勾抹内管缝;若需铺设钢丝网加强则应保证钢丝网与管缝对中并保证其搭接长度和插入管座深度不小于10cm.
Construction， pipe installation must be in strict accordance with the construction techniques used in recent years， pipe water supply pipe is varied， in particular， the construction process are also different, pipe installation must be pad before， cannot have the phenomenon of the slope， the pipe can’t dirt， mortar and other sundry, pipeline interface crack width should be uniform. If construction should be strictly controlled with cement mortar should take the mortar mixture ratio， and ensure the mortar mix in order to ensure the strength and workability, wipe with construction before the tube should be cut around the outer wall wash clean， wipe with construction according to pipe diameter.， wipe after sprinkling water to cover maintenance in order to prevent the empty drum, cracking; For piping is not greater than 600 mm in diameter, while wipe with construction should cooperate with sacks ball drag back and forth so that will flow into the pipe in the pipe, such as the mortar, flat hook for line pipe diameter is larger than 600 mm should be put inside the tube slot; For laying wire mesh strengthening should ensure that wire mesh with tube in the slot and ensure its lap length and inserted into the pipe depth of not less than 10 cm. 本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途个人收集整理,勿做商业用途
（四） 检查井、截门井施工
(4) check well， door well construction
　　市政给排水检查井施工容易出现基础尺寸及高程偏差较大，井壁砌砖通缝、砂浆不密实、不饱满，抹灰面起鼓发裂等质量问题，因此在检查井及截门井施丁中应尽量避免带水浇筑垫层和基础，并要保证基础的几何尺寸和高程符合设计要求，并待垫层混凝土达到一定强度后方可砌砖施工；井壁砖砌筑应保证竖直度，不得有通缝，灰浆饱满,砖缝平整,抹面要压光,不能有空鼓裂缝现象；污水检查井雨水流槽高度应与主管内顶相平，下半部分是与主管半径相同的半圆弧,上半部分与两侧井墙平行，其宽度与主管管径相同，雨水流槽高度应与主管半径相平，流槽形状应为与主管半径相同的半圆弧；井内踏步若为灰口铸铁材质必须保证其安装牢固，污水井内踏步必须刷防锈漆，井盖安装时必须保证井圈座浆饱满,井盖与井圈配套，必要时采用重型井盖.
Prone to municipal water supply and drainage inspection shaft construction based on size and height， the deflection borehole wall brick seam, mortar is close—grained, not full, rendering the drum surface quality problem such as craze, so in the inspection well and door well ShiDing should avoid as far as possible with water pouring pad and basis， and to ensure that the basis of geometric dimension and elevation in accordance with the design requirements， and stay behind the cushion concrete reaches a certain strength can bricklaying construction; Wall brick masonry shall ensure that the vertical degree， can not have seam, mortar and brick seam formation, plaster to calender, cannot free drum, crack phenomenon； Sewage inspection Wells， rainwater flow inside the tank height shall be the competent roof is flat, the lower part is the same as the head of radius of circular arc, the upper part and the parallel to the wall on both sides of the well, its width is the same as the head diameter， rain water flow tank height with the head of radius should be flat, chute half arc shape should be same as the head of radius； Borehole step for grey cast iron material must ensure that the installation is firm, sewage well step must brush anti—rust paint, manhole covers installation must ensure that well at the age of pulp firmness, manhole covers and well ring form a complete set， with heavy manhole cover if necessary。 本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途
　 （五)土方回填
（5) earthwork backfill
　　应严格控制回填土土质，内部不能含有碎砖、石块、混凝土块及硬土块，回填土含水量应接近最佳含水量，进行回填前应对土壤进行标准击实试验,检测其最佳含水率及最大干密度：回填时应保证槽内无积水，并不能回填淤泥、腐殖土冻土及有机物；严格控制每层回填厚度不大干30cm．在夯实后对每层进行检测，合格后方可继续回填，并同时对管道两侧进行回填保证两侧高差不大于30cm;最终保证管沟胸腔部位密实度不小于90%,管顶上50cm范围内部位密实度应处于85%-90％之间，再向上部回填士密实度应同路基密实度相同。
Backfill soil should strictly control， which cannot contain rubble， stone, concrete block and hard clods， backfill soil should be close to the optimal water content, moisture content prior to backfill for soil standard compaction test， testing its optimum moisture content and maximum dry density： when the backfill shall ensure that no water in the tank， not backfilling silt, frozen soil and humus soil organic matter; Strictly control each layer thickness of backfill not gets 30 cm。 After compaction of each layer for testing, qualified rear can continue to backfill， and at the same time to backfill to ensure pipeline on both sides of the elevation difference is not more than 30 cm on both sides; Ultimately guarantee pipeline compactness chest area not less than 90%, 50 cm range within a compactness on the top of the tube should be between 85％ to 90％， up the vibrating compaction of backfill and compaction degree should be with the same。 个人收集整理，勿做商业用途个人收集整理，勿做商业用途