2021届高考英语二轮创新复习-专题四-第三节-重难增分二-非谓语动词学案.doc

2021届高考英语二轮创新复习 专题四 第三节 重难增分二 非谓语动词学案

2021届高考英语二轮创新复习 专题四 第三节 重难增分二 非谓语动词学案

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重难增分二　非谓语动词

授课提示：对应学生用书第60页
非谓语动词是历年高考的必考点，是做好语法填空和短文改错必备的知识。语法填空对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在非谓语动词作定语、宾语，此外非谓语动词作主语、表语、状语、补语也是高考语篇型语法填空的重点。短文改错主要集中在动词形式的错误上，如本该用动名词作主语却用了原形；在介词或某些动词后本该接动名词却用了谓语动词形式；本该用现在分词却用了过去分词。另外，不定式符号to的多用或少用也是常考点。
◎语法填空中的非谓语动词
[高考这样考]
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ____________(walk)through a rainforest.
2．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)A 90­year­old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for____________(be)Britain's oldest full­time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
3．(2019·高考浙江卷)One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms.But some students didn't want ____________(wear)the uniform.
4．(2019·高考北京卷)Earth Day，____________(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
5．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years longer than non­runners.You don't have to run fast or for long ________see)the benefit.
[题目这么解]
1．如何判定填非谓语动词：
(1)若句中已有谓语动词，且不存在并列谓语，空处很可能填非谓语动词；此时也可能涉及词性转换的问题，我们必须仔细分析句子结构，作出正确的判断；
(2)若句中已有谓语动词，而又没有连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用非谓语形式。
2．填什么样的非谓语动词：
(1)了解句法功能，判断非谓语动词：①作伴随状语时用现在分词；②作目的状语时用不定式(如T5)；③作介词宾语时用动名词(如T2)；④缺少主语时用v.­ing形式或不定式；⑤非谓语作表语时，指物用v.­ing形式，指人用v.­ed形式
(2)理清逻辑关系：作状语时理清非谓语动词与主语之间的关系；作定语时理清与被修饰词之间的关系(如T4)；作宾语补足语时理清与宾语之间的逻辑关系。主谓关系首先考虑用v.­ing形式，动宾关系考虑用v.­ed形式；
(3)并列连词前后非谓语动词的形式要统一(如T1)；
(4)弄清一些重点动词的用法：有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语(如T3)，有些只能用动名词作宾语。
自我诊断：1.walking　2.being　3.to wear　
4．marked　5.to see
[类题对点练]
1．Keepers will work hard__to__help__(help)the baby panda get used to local bamboo and other Chinese foods.
2．It depends on each and every one of us to find a solution—if there are any solutions__left(leave)to find.
3．Biologists found that about three quarters of bird species are settling in North America，accounting(account)for more than 90%of the entire bird population.
4．Raised(raise)in the poorest area，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.
5．Every year，thousands of visitors come to visit the old temple dating(date)from the ninth century.
◎短文改错中的非谓语动词
[高考这样考]
1．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)I tell my mom that if we're forced eat things，we may become ill.____________
2．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly，say that I had a talent for football.____________
3．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.____________
4．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ)When summer comes，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！____________
[题目这么解]
1．非谓语动词常设错误类型：谓语动词与非谓语动词的误用(如T2)；不定式符号to的多余与遗漏(如T1，T4)；to后跟动词原形或动名词的误用；介词后动词形式的误用(如T3)；现在分词与过去分词的误用。
2．非谓语动词解题方略：(1)分析其在句中的成分，根据成分判断形式；(2)介词后作宾语的动词形式为动名词；(3)现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”，不定式表示“将来”；(4)遇to 着重看，有没有to的省略或多余，是介词还是不定式符号。
自我诊断：1.forced后加to　2.say→saying　3.sell→selling　4.pick前加to
[类题对点练]
1．In the past，people fastened bamboo­made whistles onto a kite.While flew against the wind，it produced a sound like the music produced by guzheng.
答案：In the past，people fastened bamboo­made whistles onto a kite.While against the wind，it produced a sound like the music produced by guzheng.
2．More trees and flowers planted，so our newly built school looks more beautiful.
答案：More trees and flowers planted，或 our newly built school looks more beautiful.
3．Now，she has no difficulty at all communicate with foreign friends in simple oral English.
答案：Now，she has no difficulty at all with foreign friends in simple oral English.
4．Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious.
答案：Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious.
5．The Ancient City of Pingyao，locating in China's Shanxi Province，is a well­preserved example of a traditional Han Chinese city.
答案：The Ancient City of Pingyao， in China's Shanxi Province，is a well­preserved example of a traditional Han Chinese city.
非谓语动词的核心知识提炼
一、非谓语动词作状语
1．现在分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
Realizing it was our last high school sports meeting，we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.
2．非谓语动词作伴随状语、结果状语，要想到用现在分词。
More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(表示必然的结果)
【名师指津】　(1)非谓语动词作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果时用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词；
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.
(2)源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：seated(坐着的)，devoted(专注的)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn't notice me enter the room.
3．非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式。
To make it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card at hand.
4．非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。
I am only too glad to see everything settled.
Being tired，he went to bed early.
二、非谓语动词作表语与定语
1．非谓语动词作表语或定语时，指物用v.­ing形式，指人用v.­ed形式。
He was very shocked to learn the shocking news that his wife was killed in a traffic accident.
With a puzzled look on my face，I pointed to myself and said，“Me？”
2．非谓语动词作后置定语时，与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时用现在分词，为动宾关系时用过去分词，表将来时用不定式。
“Things lost never come again！” I couldn't help talking to myself.
Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.
I will try my best to study in the years to come.
【名师指津】　下列情况下也常用不定式作定语
(1)当中心词是序数词，形容词最高级，the only，the last等或被其修饰时，多用动词不定式作定语。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
(2)有些名词常用不定式作定语说明其内容，它们是：chance，opportunity，reason，way，effort，measure，right，strength，struggle等，不定式可以换成of＋doing。
He has a strange way to make/of making his classes lively and interesting.
三、固定搭配或用法中的非谓语动词
1．牢记用v.­ing/to do形式作宾语的动词(短语)
(1)接v.­ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：suggest，risk，imagine，mind，admit，practice，allow，avoid，delay，include，deny，escape，advise，finish，miss，forgive，consider，recommend，forbid，give up，insist on，look forward to，feel like，get down to，object to，devote oneself to，pay attention to等。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.
(2)接to do形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：decide，refuse，promise，pretend，hesitate，manage，plan，fail，choose，desire，hope，afford，agree，learn，determine，demand，offer，make up one's mind，would like等。
Nervous and anxious，Jill failed to make a good impression at the job interview.
(3)有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。
mean
forget
regret
try
go on
remember
can't help
2．掌握非谓语动词的几种句型公式
(1)不定式作宾语补足语：tell/order/persuade/force/warn/encourage/ask/invite＋sb.to do sth.。
I'd like to invite you to take part in the activity.
(2)后用省to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)：“五看；三使；二听；一感觉”。
五看：look at/watch/notice/see/observe sb.do sth.；
三使：make/have/let sb.do sth.；
二听：listen to/hear sb.do sth.；
一感觉：feel sb.do sth.。
The boss made the workers do the work all day.
(3)用于it形式主语结构中：
It ＋be＋名词或形容词(no good/no use/a pleasure/worthwhile/useless)＋v.­ing；
It＋be＋形容词(difficult/kind/clever等)＋for/of sb.to do sth.；
It＋takes＋sb.＋some time＋to do sth.
As is known to us，it's no use complaining without taking action.
3．with复合结构中补足语的比较
with
With so many people looking at him，he felt very nervous.
With the problem solved，the quality has been improved.
4．一些非谓语动词形式的固定结构
considering that　　　鉴于，考虑到
judging by/from 从……来看
supposing/providing/provided/assuming that...
假定，假设
compared with/to 与……相比
Michael's new house is like a huge palace，compared with his old one.

授课提示：对应学生用书第63页
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Lying__(lie)in the west district of Hangzhou City，West Lake is the symbol of Hangzhou as well as one of the most beautiful sights in China.
2．Then the door opened，and a tall lady with dark hairdark eyes entered，followed__(follow)by another who looked younger.
3．Colors used(use)in them give us some hints about the photo's owner.
4．Bai Suzhen was shut in the Leifeng Pagoda and the couple had no chance to__meet(meet)again.
5．Every single American will have the opportunity to__realize(realize)their fullest potential.
6．A bird perched on high­tension wires has both its feet placed(place)firmly on the same wire.
7．Attracting__(attract)new immigrants to the cities which most need them is hard.
8．During the summer months，he would take extra classes，and he ended up__graduating(graduate)a year early.
9．In art criticism，you must assume that the artist has a message__hidden(hide)in his work.
10．Entitled(entitle)to pensions and free medical care，senior citizens in our village are properly looked after and live a happy life.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Comparing with other teachers，Mr.Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching.
答案： with other teachers，Mr.Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching.
2．To catch a glimpse of the magnificent treasure of nature，we took a bus from La Serena to a nearby town and then rented a car go to the desert.
答案：To catch a glimpse of the magnificent treasure of nature，we took a bus from La Serena to a nearby town and then rented a car go to the desert.
3．At first，seen the waves coming one after another，I was afraid.
答案：At first， the waves coming one after another，I was afraid.
4．Instead of seek a shelter，my parents suggested we help a couple of stall owners pack their books.
答案：Instead of a shelter，my parents suggested we help a couple of stall owners pack their books.
5．We're never going to have enough time explore everything!
答案：We're never going to have enough time explore everything!
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·太原一模)As to garlic and raw onion，you might want to avoid their after­effects，but many of these 1.____________(positive)unfriendly foods are good for you.In fact，the smell on your breath is immediate and can last for hours.The reason is that garlic and onions contain something that is very smelly and can contribute 2._______bad breath.As the foods are digested，the special oils they contain 3.____________(absorb)into your bloodstream and you breathe 4.____________(they)out until the foods are removed from your body.Despite all this，you should eat them.Those who add garlic and onions to food need 5.____________(little)salt than those who do not.So it's 6.____________ healthier alternative，says Rebecca Valle，a dietitian at Alfred Hospital in Melbourne，Australia.“Garlic and onions can also protect against many 7.____________(disease)and promote good health，” she said.So how do you enjoy them without 8.__________offend)everyone around you？Eating less of the garlic and onion and drinking plenty of water works.Drinking milk also helps reduce the things 9.____________cause bad breath.Chewing gum，sucking on a mint or sipping peppermint tea will also help.But remember 10.____________(see)your doctor if your bad breath continues.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了吃大蒜及洋葱的好处，以及去除口中蒜味和洋葱味的方法。
1．解析：考查词性转换。修饰形容词unfriendly要用副词，故填positively，意为“肯定地，确实”。
答案：positively
2．解析：考查固定搭配。contribute to为固定搭配，意为“促成，造成”，符合语境。
答案：to
3．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，主语the special oils与absorb之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，又由从句所用的一般现在时可知，此处也应用一般现在时；又因主语为复数形式，故填are absorbed。be absorbed into...意为“被吸收进……”。
答案：are absorbed
4．解析：考查代词。作动词breathe的宾语要用人称代词的宾格形式，故填them。
答案：them
5．解析：考查比较级。根据本句中的than和语境可知，此处要用little的比较级形式，表示“需要较少的盐”。
答案：less
6．解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一种较健康的选择”，且healthier的发音以辅音音素开头，故要用不定冠词a。
答案：a
7．解析：考查名词的单复数。此处表示“大蒜和洋葱也能够预防许多疾病”，空前有many修饰，故此处disease是可数名词，应用其复数形式。
答案：diseases
8．解析：考查非谓语动词。本句中without是介词，后面一般接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故此处填offend的动名词形式offending。
答案：offending
9．解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是the things，指物，故应用关系代词that或which引导该定语从句。
答案：that/which
10．解析：考查非谓语动词。该句表示“但是如果你的口臭继续存在，记得去看医生”，remember to do sth.意为“记得去做某事”，符合句意，故空处填动词不定式。
答案：to see
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2020·福建高三毕业班质量检测)Working on a farm was quite a experience！Our teacher told us that how a city farm in our neighbourhood was looking for young people to helping with the animals.City farms were a great way for people to get amazed experiences of country life.We can learn more about animals and plant and even take part working on the farm.So I spoke to the owner of the farm，but a few days later I was looking after the horses on the farm.I was proud of myself when he helped a young boy to ride a horse for the first time.It real meant a lot to him—and to me!
答案：
Working on a farm was quite experience！Our teacher told us that a city farm in our neighbourhood was looking for young people to with the animals.City farms a great way for people to get experiences of country life.We can learn more about animals and and even take part working on the farm.So I spoke to the owner of the farm， a few days later I was looking after the horses on the farm.I was proud of myself when helped a young boy to ride a horse for the first time.It meant a lot to him—and to me！