黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市实验中学2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题.doc

黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市实验中学2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题

黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市实验中学2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题

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黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市实验中学2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）
(满分120分 时间90分钟)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Since you can't get to theaters, museums, galleries, music venues or opera houses during these difficult days due to coronavirus, instead they'll come to you. Here's a list of some of Europe's best-known museums.
Louvre Museum in Paris
As the most visited museum in the world, it offers virtual tours online. It also has a number of "Visitors Trails" in different themes, designed to give an overview of the scope and wealth of the museum's collections. Each trail is based on a selection of works that characterize a period, an artistic movement or a theme, including the artworks from JAY-Z and Beyoncé's music video.
Schirn Museum in Frankfurt
It has digitally opened its current exhibition, now closed due to the virus, called "Fantastic Women" (scheduled from February 13 to May 24), highlighting the works of 34 women artists and their contributions to Surrealism (超现实主义), including Frida Kahlo, Leonora Carrington, Leonor Fini, Dorothea Tanning and Dora Maar.
Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam
Are you looking for ways to entertain your children with an educational twist? Then the Van Gogh will bring the great artist to you and also invite you to a virtual visit inside the Museum. The museum explores the painter's life, his relationship with his brother Théo, his passion for Japan and also his mental illness. Everything is in high definition.
Of course, a range of recent opera and ballet productions are also available, with the hope to give pleasure to as many people as possible. Please get more information at www. forbes. com.
1. The works in "Visitors Trails" are chosen according to ________.
A. Periods B. Collections C. Sites D. Artists
2. Whose works are included in "Fantastic Women"?
A. JAY-Z's. B. Leonardo Da Vinci's.
C. Van Gogh's. D. Leonora Carrington's.
3. Where is the passage most likely to be taken from?
A. A report. B. A website. C. A magazine. D. A textbook
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。由于新冠病毒的影响，人们无法去剧院，博物馆，画廊，音乐场所或歌剧院，文章介绍了欧洲的一些著名博物馆给人们提供了虚拟的线上旅游。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据“Louvre Museum in Paris”中“Each trail is based on a selection of works that characterize a period, an artistic movement or a theme, including the artworks from JAY-Z and Beyoncé's music video.”可知，每条路径都基于一个时期，一个艺术运动或一个主题的作品选集，包括 Jay-z 和Beyoncé's的音乐录影带。所以，路径的选择是基于时期来挑选的。选项A符合题意。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Fantastic Women”定位到文章“Schirn Museum in Frankfurt”中“It has digitally opened its current exhibition, now closed due to the virus, called "Fantastic Women" (scheduled from February 13 to May 24), highlighting the works of 34 women artists and their contributions to Surrealism (超现实主义), including Frida Kahlo, Leonora Carrington, Leonor Fini, Dorothea Tanning and Dora Maar.”可知，它以数码方式开放了目前因病毒而关闭的名为“神奇女人”展览定于2月13日至5月24日举行），展出了34位女性艺术家的作品，以及她们对超现实主义的贡献，包括弗里达 · 卡罗、利奥诺拉·卡林顿、莱昂诺 · 菲尼、多萝西娅·坦宁和多拉 · 马尔，由此可知，利奥诺拉·卡林顿的作品包含在“神奇女人”展览之中，故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ Please get more information at www. forbes. com.”可知，请登录 www.forbes. com 获取更多信息。由此推知，文章来自网站。故选B。
B
I always wanted to have extraordinarily good command of something. I wanted to remain the best in class, awe-inspiring and tip-top; a world-famous genius, like Michael Phelps, or Mark Zuckerberg.
Unfortunately, my version of reality did not quite line up with this delusional vision. I was a good swimmer, but I peaked at the collegiate State Championship level. My academic record was pretty solid, but I never would have made it into one of those exceptional Ivy League Schools.
Though I rose to above-average status in a couple of areas, the disappointing truth was that I would never amount to anything more than a mid-sized fish in a small pond. The destiny apparently had drawn up other plans.
What drove me crazy, though, was the superstar talent thrown in my face at every turn. Some folks just seemed to get an unfair share of it.Why couldn't I be like Bernie Williams, the famed New York Yankees player who also happened to be a world-class jazz guitar virtuoso (艺术大师)?
Some say greatness is simply a function of putting in the practice time. It is around ten thousand hours, to be precise, according to author Malcolm Gladwell. I don't question the theory of devoting considerable efforts to developing one's professional knowledge, but it seems that talent carries much weight alike.
I've heard that as people approach middle age, their life satisfaction increases because they begin to accept the gap between the expectations for themselves and the reality. After a few decades of frustration without the desired results, we eventually come to terms with how our lives turned out, even if it falls far short of our idealized youthful expectations.
Hope bends, it seems.
4. What does the underlined word "delusional" in paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. Realistic. B. Imaginary. C. Disappointing. D. Material.
5. In the passage, the writer thinks of himself as ________.
A. a world-famous genius B. a world-class virtuoso
C. a mid-sized fish in a small pond D. a student in an Ivy-League school
6. According to the writer, what makes "greatness"?
A. Talent and practice. B. Ten thousand hours of practice.
C. Talent and professional knowledge. D. Extraordinary efforts.
7. Which of the following might be the best title?
A. Youthful Expectations. B. Frustrating Decades.
C. Practice Counts. D. Hope Bends.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自身经验出发，自己年少时想成为最优秀的人，但是实际与期望有偏差，成功需要有天赋以及付出时间。到最后在经历了几十年的挫折却没有得到想要的结果之后，我们最终会接受我们的生活是怎样的，即使它远远达不到我们理想的年轻的期望。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“I always wanted to be extraordinary at something.(我一直想在某方面出类拔萃)”及划线词所在句“Unfortunately, my version of reality did not quite line up with this delusional vision.”可知，不幸的是，作者对现实的看法与这种delusional vision不太一致。此处的delusional vision是指第一段中作者希望自己是个十分优秀的人，故此处delusional与reality意思相反，可知划线单词意思为“想象的”。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Though I rose to above-average status in a couple of areas, the disappointing truth was that I would never amount to anything more than a mid-sized fish in a small pond. (虽然我在几个领域达到了中等以上的水平，但是令人失望的是，我只不过是小池塘里一条中等大小的鱼)”可知，作者把自己比喻成小池塘里的一条中等大的鱼，表示比上不足比下有余。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Some say greatness is simply a function of putting in the practice time.(一些人说，伟大仅仅是投入练习时间的结果)”和“I don’t question the theory of devoting extraordinary efforts to developing one’s expertise, but it seems that raw talent is equally important.(我不怀疑付出努力来培养专业的理论，但是似乎原始的天赋也同等重要)”可知，作者认为关于造就伟大，时间和天赋同等重要。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。结合本文作者通过自身经历得出的结论，成功需要有时间，更需要有天赋，再根据文章最后一段“Hope bends, it seems.(似乎希望屈服了)”可知，作者想要表达希望在现实的限制下，未必都会实现。故选D。
C
While we may think it feels good to complain, complaining has some bad effects associated with it.
Why isn't complaining beneficial? Research shows that it connects our brain with negativity. The brain is designed to work efficiently. This means that when we repeat a thought, negative or positive, the nerve cells form a bridge between each other to pass information in a higher speed. Therefore, the next time we have a similar type of thought, it is more easily passed. This explains why certain thought patterns become habits.
Yet the harmful effects don't stop there. A study shows that complaining causes the hippocampus (海马区), which plays a vital role in problem-solving, to become smaller. In addition to causing brain damage, complaining also releases a stress hormone: cortisol, a kind of chemical the body produces when we meet with some danger. Constantly having a high level of cortisol results in high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and lower immunity.
The ill effects of our complaining aren't just limited to ourselves: they also involve those around us. We tend to mirror the moods of our friends. For this reason, we should be cautious about having stubborn complainers in our circle of acquaintances and companions.
The best way to deal with constant negativity is to develop a sense of gratitude. Just like complaining acts as a poison, gratitude acts as a medicine. Research shows it lowers cortisol levels by 23 percent, as well as reduces blood pressure and blood sugar. It also decreases tiredness and depression. Gratitude is the perfect cure for complaining, a behavior that steals our brain power, happiness and physical well-being.
What have you observed about the effects of complaining in your own life or in the lives of others? Have you noticed that when you are grateful, you feel better all over? Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.
8. What do paragraphs 2-3 mainly talk about?
A The bad effects of complaining on brain power.
B. The decrease of a vital part of our brain.
C. The diseases caused by complaining.
D. The reason why certain thought patterns become habits.
9 What can we know about cortisol from the passage?
A. Gratitude functions as an effective cure for cortisol.
B. Having a high level of cortisol can lead to many health problems.
C. Our body produces cortisol when we feel excited.
D. Cortisol is a chemical that can cause brain damage.
10. What attitude does the writer take to stubborn complainers?
A. Indifferent. B. Neutral. C. Skeptical. D. Disapproving.
11. What is the purpose of the writer?
A. To encourage readers to share ideas.
B. To introduce different emotions.
C. To analyze the reasons for complaining.
D. To inform readers the effects of complaining.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，抱怨会导致在解决问题时起重要作用的大脑海马区变小。除了造成大脑损伤，抱怨还会释放一种压力荷尔蒙：皮质醇，持续高水平的皮质醇会导致高血压、高血糖和免疫力下降。处理持续负面情绪的最好方法是培养一种感恩的意识。
【详解】1.主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Why isn't complaining beneficial? Research shows that it connects our brain with negativity. ”（为什么抱怨没有好处？研究表明，抱怨会让我们的大脑产生消极情绪。）及第三段“Yet the harmful effects don't stop there. A study shows that complaining causes the hippocampus (海马区), which plays a vital role in problem-solving, to become smaller. ”（然而，有害影响还不止于此。一项研究表明，抱怨会导致在解决问题时起重要作用的大脑海马区变小。）可知，第二段和第三段主要谈论抱怨对脑力的不良影响。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Constantly having a high level of cortisol results in high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and lower immunity.”（持续高水平的皮质醇会导致高血压、高血糖和免疫力下降。）可知，皮质醇水平过高会导致许多健康问题。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“ For this reason, we should be cautious about having stubborn complainers in our circle of acquaintances and companions.”（基于这个原因，我们应该小心在我们的朋友圈里有固执的抱怨者。）可知，作者对于固执抱怨者的态度是不赞成、反对的。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“What have you observed about the effects of complaining in your own life or in the lives of others? Have you noticed that when you are grateful, you feel better all over? Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.”（关于抱怨对你自己或他人生活的影响，你注意到了什么？ 你有没有注意到，当你感激的时候，你会感觉好多了？ 请在下面的评论区分享你的想法。）可以推知，作者的目的是鼓励读者能够分享他们的想法。故选A。
D
We are fortunate to live in a city that encourages bicycling as a means of transportation.Our local government has promoted bicycling by improving bike lanes and increasing the number of them. The growing number of cyclists, however, brings this question to mind: should bicyclists be required to share the responsibilities of the road? Automobile drivers have to take competency tests, follow established regulations, and accept punishment for breaking rules. The city requests drivers to register and license their vehicles to ensure accountability (责任）. Bicyclists who use public roadways should be held accountable, too.
Let's look at what sharing the road means. For one thing, it should involve cost sharing.Auto registration and license fees are used, in part, for building and maintaining roadways. It seems only reasonable to ask bicyclists to contribute to transportation funding as well.
More importantly,sharing the road includes accountability. When drivers ignore the rules of the road, the police and other motorists have the opportunity to identify them by their license plate number and report their offenses (违法行为）。 This isn't true for bicyclists. I've seen bicyclists moving quickly between lanes.Because they show no identification, they feel protected by anonymity(匿名）。What good would it do to report to the police “I saw a guy on a red bike blow through the stoplight"? The simple act of making bicyclists identifiable would encourage safer, more responsible riding.
Of course,I've heard arguments against asking cyclists to register and license their bikes. Some people might say, “Little kids ride bikes. Would you require a six-year-old rider to take a test and pay a fee?" Obviously, the city could determine an age when cycling would be considered a "means of transportation on public roads." Other people argue that bicycle fees are unfair because bikes don't damage the roadways as cars do. Bicycle registration fees could be comparatively modest, and the method for displaying a license number could be simple.
Many U.S. cities and towns now implement bike registration and licensing. A statute(法规）from one. California town states that the laws regulating bicycles have a dual purpose, antitheft and safety. I'm eager to see more bicyclists on the road, and I'm hoping for riders who take their responsibilities seriously.
12. To advocate responsible cycling, the author suggests
A. increasing the number of bike lanes
B. giving competency tests to all cyclists
C. identifying cyclists through registration
D. reporting cycling offenses more frequently
13. What is the author's purpose in writing Paragraph 4?
A. To explain how bicycle registration and licensing work.
B. To provide solutions to reduce irresponsible cycling of kids.
C. To respond to people's doubts about holding cyclists accountable.
D. To argue against requiring cyclists to register and license their bicycles.
14. What argumentative methods are used in this article?
① Using examples
② Quoting professionals
③ Comparing and contrasting
④ Appealing to readers' emotions
A. ①②
B. ②④
C. ③④
D. ①③
15. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Should we encourage more cycling in the city?
B. Should cyclists register and license their bikes?
C. What does "sharing the road" mean to cyclists?
D. How can road safety be guaranteed for cyclists?
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述骑自行车的人是否应该注册并给他们的自行车颁发牌照。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句话“The city requests drivers to register and license their vehicles to ensure accountability (责任）. Bicyclists who use public roadways should be held accountable, too.”可知，市政府要求司机登记并给他们的车辆上牌，以确保责任追究。骑自行车的人使用公共道路也应承担责任。由此可知，作者建议通过登记识别骑车人。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“ Some people might say, “Little kids ride bikes. Would you require a six-year-old rider to take a test and pay a fee?" Obviously, the city could determine an age when cycling would be considered a "means of transportation on public roads." Other people argue that bicycle fees are unfair because bikes don't damage the roadways as cars do. Bicycle reg