中考英语语法思维导图(13)动词.doc

动词系动词情态动助动词实义动系动词+表语情态动+动词原形助动词+动词原形独立充当谓语充当谓语系动词be动词“保持”“变化”感官动词be+adv.+adj“如何是”become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,staylook,sound,taste,smell,feel常接形容词作表语主谓一致情态动词意思答语表示推测may答语:肯定Certainly./Sure./Yes,you can.否定Sorry, but you cant/mustnt“一定”must“必须” Must I？Yes, you must.No, you neednt/dont have to.“不得不” Do I have to.? Yes, you must. No, you neednt/dont have to.“需要”实义动词：not need to do sth. 情态动词：neednt do sth.Would you like to do?答语“Id like to” “Id like to, but.”had better “最好(不)做某事”Youd better do/Youd better not do “可能”may,might,could“不可能”cant助动词狭义概念：“赠送的”扩展概念：“自带的”do,does,did凡谓语由两部分构成之前者句型操作及答语实义动词身份助动词身份/强调功能实义动词时态语态名称被动：be+done及物动词必须跟宾语不及物动词不直跟宾语谓动一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时do/doesdidbe+doingwas/were+doingwill+dowould+dohave/has+donehad+done一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时含情态动词选项有无被动只需考虑时态该而不:感官发生实现出版使役动词正常不带to被动则带意思需要时间，标志意思平时经常做某次过去做现在正在做过去正在做现在将要做过去将要做到现在已做到过去已做动词词形变化三单现在分词过去式、过去分词+ss,x,sh,ch,o+es辅+yi+es不规则+ing去e+ing双写+ingiey+ing+ed辅+yi+ed双写+ed不规则辅元辅，且重读，不忘双写尾字母（除组合外）时态判断所用时态时间一般现在时on Sundays一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时ago, yesterday, last week, in 1989 now, these daysat this time yesterday, at that timetomorrow,this afternoon,next yearthe next dayso far,in the past years,since标志频率/真理/时间条件状从at the age of 5,just now,when+从look, listen与频度副词连用when+过in+时间段常用于宾从中already,yet,ever,never,before,for过去完成时by yesterday/then/the end ofwhen+过before+过，by+过完成时句中,与for,since,how long连用时,动词要用延续形式go to, come to be in/at leavebe away (from) arrivebe in/atdie be kead begin/startbe on end be overbuy have join be a member of/be in borrowkeep get marriedbe married make friends withbe friends withhave gone to“去了”人不在这里, have been to“去过”人在这里强调句型：It is +一段时间+since+过去时 “自以来，已经多长时间了”动词短语意思结构搭配动词+介词doing动词+副词be+adj.+介词宾语一律后置代宾中，名中后非谓语动词不定式to do现在分词doing过去分词done作主语作宾语作主语被视为单数作主语作表语作宾语作宾补作定语作状语宾从省略式常被形主it代替be+to do “是做”被形宾it代替省to不省要后置，省介否表目的，原因疑问词+to do判定:后有谓动be doing“正在做”have sth. done使被be done“被做”不定式作主语常被形式主语it代替，而把to do 置于句尾It is +adj./n.+(for sb./of sb.)+to do sth. It takes +sb. +st. +to do sth.后接to do的动词：like, ask, wish, hope, dare, offer, decide, help, long, learn, start, begin, agree, refuse, want, expect, promise, pretend, plan, manage, afford, prepare被形宾代替：think/find/make+ it+adj. +(for sb./of sb.)+to do sth.后接sb. to do的动词：force, teach, get, tell, know, help, ask, invite, wish, want, warn, wait for, allow, require, cause, advise, order, encourage, like常用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词有：have, make, let, feel, see, observe, look at, listen to, notice, watch, hear, discover(被动语态要还原to) 结构有：had better do, would rather do(than do), cant but do, do nothing but do, have nothing to do but do, why do?, why not do?作定语：要后置。若不定式是不及物动词，作定语时其后介词不能省。 (修饰的名词是time,place,way时其后上常省略介词)作状语：表目的：go to sp. to do /do sb. can to do /follow sb. to do 表原因：be sorry to do/be happy to do/be pleased to do后接doing的动词：advise,allow,avoid,miss,mind,enjoy,finish,keep,put off,give up,keep on,practice,imagine,consider,cant help,cant stop,suggest,cant stand动词中考点时态语态动词短语非谓动词情态动词词义辨析近六年河北中考动词原题再现2006年32.Hangzhou is a nice city. My Dad me there when I was about ten years old. A.pulledB.caught C.took D.brought33.Physics more interesting than maths. A.are B.is C.was D.were34.I on the computer when Jim came to see me yesterday evening.A. drawB.drew C.was drawingD.am drawing35.My father on business for two weeks. Hell return in 3 days. A.leftB.has left C.has gone D.has been away12分 36.-Could you please tell Peter that I want to talk to him? -Sure, I will let him know as soon as he back. A.comesB.came C.has come D.will come37.The children to swim last month and they can swim very well now. A.are taught B.were taught C.have taughtD.taught39.He has failed several times, but he wont . A.go onB.come on C.get up D.give up40.We often hear her after class. A.sing B.to sing C.sings D.sang41.Hes flown to Qingdao for summer holidays, he? Aisnt B.wasnt C.hasnt D.doesnt44.-Listen! Is that Kate? -No. It be Kate. She has gone to London. A.may not B.neednt C.mustnt D.cant83.“Ive （长大）.I can help with some housework.”she said to her parents.84.Please （关掉）the lights before you leave.2007年 32. -Must I finish the work today? -No, you _. You can finish it tomorrow. A. mustnt B. cant C. shouldnt D. neednt 33. Ill do it better if the teacher _ me another chance. A. give B. gives C. gave D. will give 35. When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she _ the piano. A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played 37. Henry speaks Chinese very well. He _ in China since 2002.12分 A. stays B. stayed C. is staying D. has stayed38. How much does the ticket _ from Shanghai to Beijing? A. cost B. take C. spend D. pay 39. You bought a new computer last week, _ you? A. arent B. dont C. didnt D. havent 40. There _ a talk show on CCTV-4 at nine this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. is going to haveD. is staying 42. We _ to close the windows before we left the lab. A. tell B. told C. are told D. were told44. He _ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag. A. picked up B. threw away C. looked forD. handed in 82. The glasses he _(戴) a moment ago are broken. He needs a new pair. 84. Alice is so nice that everyone likes to_(交朋友)her.85. Dont be afraid of making mistakes in class. You wont be_(嘲笑)2008年26. There a lot of rain in this area in August every year.A.is B.was C.are D.were27. The children a P.E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain.A.have B.are having C.had D.were having32. Nick a new camera. He has taken lots of pictures with it.A.buys B.is buying C.bought D.will buy33. -Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven. -OK. I _.A.will B.wont C.do D.dont11分 34. Thomas, please be quiet. The others hear very well.A.cant B.musnt C.shouldnt D.neednt35. Last year, Li Hua, a college student, to work for the Olympic Games.A.is choosing B.is chosen C.was choosing D.was chosen38. Hows Annie? I her for a long time.A.dont see B.wont see C.didnt see D.havent seen37. _ those lights, please. Dont use so much energy.A.Take off B.Put on C.Turn off D.Turn on77.We practised (唱)English songs for one and a half hours today.79.XuLi,with his friends, (拾起)waste paper in the park every Sunday.80.Do you know this table (由制成)bamboo?2009年 29. This silk dress _ so smooth. Its made in China. A. tastesB. smellsC. sounds D. feels33. My friend _ me. I have to leave now.A. waits forB. waited for C. is waiting forD. was waiting for34. Dont put off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays work _ today.A. may doB. must doC. may be done D. must be done11分 36. Keep practicing and you _ your English.A. improveB. will improveC. improvedD. were improving37. The news _ very interesting! Tell me more! A.is B.are C.were D.was38. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he _.A. will arrive B. was arrivingC. arrives D. arrived39. More and more young people are trying to do something _ the old.A. servedB. to serveC. serveD. serves40. Sally, _ your sunglasses. The sun is so bright.A. put onB. put upC. put awayD. put down42. I _ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser?A. writeB. wroteC. am writingD. will write44. Helen loves to talk about travel. She _ many places.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has gone for D. has been from84. They _ (同意) us on some matters yesterday afternoon. 2010年31. Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? Yes, you _.A. must B. can C. may D. need33. Id like you _ for a picnic with us.A. go B. to go C. going D. went35. Mike _ his computer and checked his e-mail.A. turned on B. turned off C. turned up D. turned down10分 36. Everyone _ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong.A. find B. think C. finds D. Thinks37. Hong Kong_ to be a good place for eating today.A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known38. This term_ over. The summer vacation is coming in two weeks.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be39. I_ a mistake. Please dont be angry with me.A. make B. made C. will make D. had made41. My brother left school in 2005, and since then he _ in Beijing.A. lives B. lived C. will live D. has lived44. I_ my clothes, and the phone rang.A. wash B. washed C. am washingD. was washing84. Steven_ (参加) the school dancing club last year.2011年28.There_lots of people at the restaurant when I got there. A.is B.was C.are D.were32.Whenever you have a chance _ English, you should take it.A.speak B.to speak C.spoke D.speaks11分 35.Would you please _ my baby brother while Im cooking?A.take out of B.take care of C.take part in D.take away from36.You _ eat the soup if you dont like it. A.shouldnt B.mustnt C.neednt D.cant37.This sentence _ right. Please write it down.A.feels B.sounds C.tastes D.smells38.My sister wants a new dress. She _ it to the party.A.wears B.has worn C.wore D.is going to wear40.I didnt hear you because I _ the news on the radio.A.listen to B.am listening to C.listened to D.was listening to42.I _ my homework, I guess I cant join you.A.dont finish B.didnt finish C.havent finished D.wont finish44.The Spring Festival _ in January or February.A.celebrates B.is celebrated C.celebrated D.was celebrated84.We Chinese sometimes _(借)words from English when talking.85.Victor _(敲)the door before he walked into the room.2012年29. _ something wrong with my bike. Can I use yours?A. It isB. It wasC. There isD. There was35. -Whose is the pencil box?-It _ be Toms. Look at his name on the cover!A. canB. mayC. mustD. need37. _ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.A. To findB. FindC. To writeD. Write11分 38. The clothing store _ a sale. The clothes there are very cheap.A. hasB. hadC. is havingD. was having39. _ your name on the paper and you can get a magazine.A. Cut downB. Look downC. Turn downD. Put down40. Miss Zhang, the most beautiful teacher, _ many flowers these days.A. receivedB. will receiveC. was receivingD. has received41. Your sweater looks smart. Where _ you _ it?A. do, getB. did, getC. will, getD. have, got43. Where were you this morning?-I _ in the supermarket.A. will shopB. am shoppingC. was shoppingD. have shopped44. More money _ when we use both sides of paper.A. will saveB. was savedC. has savedD. will be saved82. Nancy often _ (go swimming) with her friends in summer.84. Students are _ (encourage) to share their thoughts by teachers.9