2022版高考英语一轮复习-4-认识自我丰富自我完善自我课时提能练.doc

2022版高考英语一轮复习 4 认识自我丰富自我完善自我课时提能练

2022版高考英语一轮复习 4 认识自我丰富自我完善自我课时提能练

年级：
姓名：

课时提能练(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(湖北省“四地七校考试联盟”2020届高三联考)A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office.After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she suffered severely by self­criticism.
This student, like many I teach, strongly believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work. In her mind，“Nothing can stop me but myself.” So when these students fall short of what they imagine they should accomplish, they are filled with self­blame，reasoning, “If my accomplishments are mine to control, my failures must be entirely my fault，too，” which makes it extremely difficult for them to move on.
We often attribute young adults' struggling with failure to their parents' overprotection. But there is another factor at play a message transmitted by indulgent (纵容的) parents who have falsely promised them that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it. However, the cruel reality of life is that you can do everything in your power—and still fail. Then what should be done to help?
Psychologists Luthar and Kumar urge parents and teachers to spend time helping students find purposes, or goals they genuinely love to pursue and that make an impact on the world, which may help them gain greater life satisfaction and become more psychologically mature. Besides, instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don't go their way, we might all question a culture where one is considered lazy without full devotion. The point is to remind them that life has a way of sucker punching (出其不意地击打) us when we least expect it. It's often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” that get up the fastest.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文，许多年轻人会因为自己的失败而自责，认为自己既然可以通过付出实现一些成就，那么失败相应地也全部是自己的责任。针对这一心理现象，心理学家给出了解释和建议。
1．What does the underlined phrase “by virtue of” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．In addition to.　　　　 B．In spite of.
C．By means of. D．For fear of.
C　[词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的“Nothing can stop me but myself.”和常识可推知，此处应指，这名学生深信她应该能够通过努力来控制结果。故画线词应与by means of意思相近，意为“凭借；以……方式”。in addition to意为“除此之外”；in spite of意为“尽管”；for fear of意为“以免；唯恐”。]
2．The author believes that young adults find it hard to struggle with failure because ________.
A．they are not taught how to deal with difficulties
B．they are short of the ability to handle failure
C．they are under the protection of their parents
D．they are misled by their parents' false message
D　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，年轻人在失败中挣扎有两个原因，一是家长们的过度保护，二是父母们传达给他们的错误信息，即他们可以通过主观努力成功做到他们想做的任何事情，故选D项。]
3．What did psychologists Luthar and Kumar urge parents and teachers to do
A．To teach students how to avoid faults.
B．To lead students to set their truly loved goals.
C．To help students to discover a path to success.
D．To allow kids to blame themselves.
B　[细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，心理学家敦促父母和老师花一些时间帮助学生找到他们真正想追求的目标，故选B项。]
4．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Students don't care about failure at all.
B．Students are sure to succeed if they try their best.
C．Students should bear all the failures on their own.
D．Students with positive attitudes can move on more easily.
D　[推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段最后两句可知，生活中总有一些出其不意的事情发生，只有那些在事情发生时能积极面对的人才会从挫折中奋起得最快。故选D项(具有积极态度的学生更容易进步)。]
B
(山东省泰安市2019—2020学年高三期末)Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him. His team was facing adversity (逆境) on court and he was playing in a hostile environment—it was the opponent's home gym filled with their supporters，and Nathan's team was trailing (落后) for three quarters of the game. As for me, I had been dismissed from my job earlier in the day.
During my driving home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time—I am always confident about my experience and abilities. This is the same belief that I try to instill into my son.
The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan's team still trailing. I saw the determination on his face, as well as his teammates' as they fought back to not only tie with the opponents, but then go ahead by three points. Then, a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to make the game tied again. With the tied scores and seconds left on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball and with skill and confidence, he proceeded to make a basket with a defender hanging all over him. The other player was called for a foul (犯规)．
As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would win three points for his team, I saw the focus and determination on his face.There was no room for self­doubt. Nathan was able to tune out all the distractions and nail the free throw with such skill, as if he had done it a thousand times.
As I sat there, my heart bursting with pride, it dawned on me that I had taught him perseverance in the face of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson. That brief moment of self­doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. He will play in the finals, but it doesn't matter if he wins or loses. At this moment, we both won.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛的过程中，看到儿子所在的球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下，依然满怀信心、坚持不懈，最后获得了胜利。这番情景让刚刚失业正处于沮丧和不自信状态中的作者消除了自我怀疑，重新燃起了斗志。
5．What did the author estimate his son's team would be like at first?
A．The team would lose at home court.
B．The team would finally win.
C．The team would win the championship.
D．The team would lose at away court.
D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“His team was facing adversity(逆境) on court and he was playing in a hostile environment—it was the opponent's home gym filled with their supporters，and Nathan's team was trailing for three quarters of the game.”可知，作者的儿子所在的球队在球场上处于劣势，他们在对手的主场，且体育馆里挤满了对方的支持者，而儿子所在球队在比赛的前三节都处于落后状态。通过作者的描写，可推出她应是认为儿子的球队会输。故选D项。]
6．Which of the following words can best describe the author?
A．Self­doubting and pessimistic.
B．Self­confident and optimistic.
C．Hard­working and intelligent.
D．Easy­going and warm­hearted.
B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“During my driving home，I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time—I am always confident about my experience and abilities.This is the same belief that I try to instill into my son.”可知，作者失去工作后，在开车回家的路上，作者一直告诉自己，自己会在短时间内重新找到工作，因为作者对自己的经验和能力充满信心，这也是作者试图灌输给儿子的信念。由此可知，作者是一个自信又乐观的人。故选B项。]
7．What does the underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Avoid.　　　　 B．Focus.
C．Create. D．Receive.
A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“nail”和“as if he had done it a thousand times”可知，内森可以用这样的技术搞定罚球，就好像他已经练习过了一千次一样。结合前文中的“the focus and determination on his face”以及画线词后的“all the distractions”可推知，此处应表示内森能够摒除所有杂念，即避免去留意让他分心的东西。故画线词应与avoid意义相近。]
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Life Goes Just Like Playing Basketball
B．It Matters Whether to Win or Lose
C．A Lesson in Life and Basketball
D．Father and Son in Life
C　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛的过程中，看到儿子所在的球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下，依然满怀信心、坚持不懈，最后获得了胜利。这番情景让刚刚失业正处于沮丧和不自信状态中的作者消除了自我怀疑，重新燃起了斗志。结合选项可知，C项最适合作本文的标题。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(福建省2020年高三毕业班质量检查测试)
Biking Through My Ph.D.
Overcoming my initial struggle in the Netherlands to start my Ph. D．has been like riding a bike.
I grew up in a hilly, seaside city in China without cycle paths, and biking was
1 for me. Now, my Dutch neighbor was telling me I had to learn.
It took me around a month to feel 2 with cycling. After half a year, I was starting to enjoy it. For me, a helpful 3 of dealing with Dutch traffic was to make a lot of noise as I rode：loud yells, “look out”，“watch it”， and so on. This
4 other cyclists into keeping away from me, and prevented the 5 that had seemed unavoidable when I started.
This pattern, of a time of struggle 6 by fun, was repeated with other
7 of my life in Utrecht. There were more “bikes” that I 8 to learn how to ride.One of them was 9 management. In Utrecht, I didn't see people working 10 time.As for working on the weekend，forget it. I initially assumed that nobody was working very hard, because of their short 11 . But after a few months, I 12 that other Ph.D.students were all 13 focused on their work during that eight­hour working period whereas I was taking endless “breaks” when I could have been focusing on my studies.
Cycling has become a 14 of my growth, freedom and 15 adjustment to Ph. D．life in the Netherlands. And I have formed a good habit of working.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者去荷兰求学，不得不学会骑自行车。而后作者发现在学自行车时领悟的道理可以用在很多方面。作者借此使自己适应了在荷兰的求学生活，并且得到了成长。
1．A.necessary B．dangerous
C．convenient D．normal
B　[语境推断。根据空前的“in a hilly，seaside city in China without cycle paths”可知，对于在丘陵地带且没有自行车道的海滨城市长大的作者来说，骑自行车是危险的。dangerous意为“危险的”，符合语境。]
2．A.nervous B．anxious
C．satisfied D．comfortable
D　[语境推断。根据后文的“After half a year，I was starting to enjoy it.”和选项可推知，此处应指大约一个月后，作者才适应了骑车。comfortable意为“自在的”，符合语境。]
3．A.trick　　 B．plan　
C．tendency 　 D．instruction
A　[语境推断。根据空后的“loud yells，‘look out’，‘watch it’”可知，此处应指作者在骑车时为了避免与别人发生碰撞而采取了大声喊叫的办法。trick意为“窍门；技巧；把戏”，符合语境。]
4．A.cheated B．persuaded
C．guided D．frightened
D　[语境及常识推断。根据前文的“loud yells，‘look out’，‘watch it’，and so on”和常识可知，此处应指作者的大喊大叫把其他骑自行车的人吓得与作者保持距离。frighten意为“使惊吓；使惊恐”，符合语境。]
5．A.races B．ruins
C．crashes D．competitions
C　[语境推断。根据空前的“keeping away from me”以及空后的“that had seemed unavoidable when I started”可知，作者用大叫的办法让其他人远离他以避免发生初学骑车时难以避免的碰撞事故。crash意为“碰撞；相撞”，符合语境。]
6．A.followed B．presented
C．supported D．appreciated
A　[语境推断。根据第三段前两句内容可知，作者学习自行车的过程是先苦后甜的。follow意为“在……后发生”，符合语境。a time of struggle followed by fun意为“先挣扎后快乐的一段时光”。]
7．A.backgrounds B．occupations
C．studies D．aspects
D　[语境推断。根据空后两句中的more“bikes”和management可知，作者将学骑车的模式应用到了生活中很多其他的方面。aspect意为“方面”，符合语境。]
8．A.hesitated B．needed
C．remembered D．failed
B　[语境推断。根据空后的“to learn how to ride”和选项可推知，此处应指作者认为自己还有很多需要学习的东西，就像学自行车一样。此处“bikes”为隐喻，指作者需要学习的其他东西，比如后文提到的时间管理等。need意为“需要”，符合语境。]
9．A.time B．finance
C．business D．personnel
A　[复现推断。根据设空处下一句中的time以及后文中提到的eight­hour可知，此处指的是时间管理，故time符合语境。]
10．A.special B．regular
C．extra D．valid
C　[语境推断。根据后文的“I initially assumed that nobody was working very hard”和“eight­hour”可知，此处应指作者没有看到任何人加班。extra意为“额外的；分外的”，符合语境。]
11．A.hours B．vacations
C．weekdays D．distances
A　[语境推断。根据设空处前后文的内容可知，当地人只在工作日每天工作八小时，不会额外加班。故此处应指作者最开始认为没有人很努力工作，因为他们的工作时间很短。hour意为“(工作、学习等的)固定时间；小时”，符合语境。]
12．A.regretted B．supposed
C．argued D．realized
D　[语境推断。根据设空处前一句中的“I initially assumed that nobody was working hard”并结合设空处后的“that other Ph.D.students were all ________ focused on their work”可知，此处指作者意识到了事情的真相。realize意为“意识到”，符合语境。]
13．A.completely B．considerately
C．hurriedly D．repeatedly
A　[语境推断。根据设空处后的“whereas I was taking endless ‘breaks’”可知，作者总是停下来休息；再根据whereas可知，作者的工作状态与他们形成对比，由此可知，他们是完全专注于工作的。completely意为“完全地；彻底地”，符合语境。]
14．A.weakness B．symbol
C．symptom D．remark
B　[语境推断。根据设空处下一句“And I have formed a good habit of working.”以及第四段前两句可知，学习骑自行车的经历对作者而言意义非凡，是他成长、自由和成功地适应在荷兰的学习生活的象征。symbol意为“象征；符号”，符合语境。]
15．A.ambitious B．successful
C．objective D．adventurous
B　[语境推断。根据设空处后的“adjustment to Ph.D.life in the Netherlands”并结合文章开头的“Overcoming my initial struggle in the Netherlands to start my Ph.D.”可知，作者成功地适应了在荷兰读博士的生活。successful意为“成功的”，符合语境。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(广东省广州市2020届高三年级阶段训练)The novel coronavirus，now officially named COVID­19，is a new 1.________ (ill) and scientists are still studying the best ways to control it.Defeating COVID­19，2.________， is not only the job of scientists and doctors.People have an important role in this battle. The best way to help prevent the virus 3.________(spread) is protecting yourself and staying healthy.
Scientists are now sure that COVID­19 is passed between people through coughing and sneezing. The virus travels through the air and can be breathed in by people nearby. It may also land 4.________ surfaces such as tables and chairs. If these surfaces 5.________(touch) , the virus may be on your hands. Touching your eyes or mouth with 6._______wash) hands can let the virus enter your body.
7．________(protect) yourself and others, wear a mask at all times when you are in public. This stops healthy people from breathing in COVID­19 and 8.________ (reduce) the amount of the virus ill people send into the air.Most importantly, wash your hands carefully and frequently, especially 9.________ you are outside your home.
COVID­19 is undoubtedly a serious social challenge, but if we all contribute and behave 10.________(responsible)，it is one that we can overcome.
【语篇解读】　新型冠状病毒，现在被正式命名为COVID­19，是一种新的传染疾病，科学家们仍在研究控制它的最佳方法。文章具体介绍了一些帮助预防病毒传播的方法。
1．illness　[考查词性转换。句意：新型冠状病毒，现在被正式命名为COVID­19，是一种新的疾病，科学家们仍在研究控制它的最佳方法。根据空前的a可知，此处应填单数名词，表示“疾病”，故填illness。]
2．however　[考查副词。句意：然而，击败COVID­19不仅仅是科学家和医生的职责。结合语境可知，此处与上文之间构成转折关系，且空后有逗号，故填however。]
3．spreading　[考查非谓语动词。句意：帮助阻止病毒传播的最佳方式是保护好自己，并且保持身体健康。prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.意为“防止某人/某物做某事”，为固定用法，故填spreading。]
4．on　[考查介词。句意：它也可能降落在诸如桌子和椅子(等物体)的表面。根据常识可知，此处表示“在……的表面”，应用介词on，故填on。]
5．are touched　[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：如果这些物体的表面被触摸了，那么病毒可能会传播到你的手上。分析句子结构可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词，与主语these surfaces之间为动宾关系；且此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填are touched。]
6．unwashed　[考查词性转换。句意：用没有洗过的手去接触你的眼睛或嘴巴可能会让病毒进入你的体内。分析句子成分可知，此处修饰名词hands，应用形容词。根据句意可知，此处应表示“未洗的”，故填unwashed。]
7．To protect　[考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护自己和他人，当你在公共场合的时候要一直戴口罩。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词wear，故protect应用非谓语形式；且此处表目的，应用动词不定式。故填To protect。]
8．reduces　[考查主谓一致。句意：这样就会阻止健康的人吸入新冠病毒，并且减少病人传播到空气中的病毒数量。分析句子结构可知，此处由and连接，与前面的stops并列作谓语。根据句意可知，此处描述一般情况，应用一般现在时；且主语为This，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填reduces。]
9．when　[考查连词。句意：最重要的是，要经常且仔细地洗手，尤其是当你出门在外的时候。结合句意可知，此处表示“当……时”，引导时间状语从句，故填when。]
10．responsibly　[考查词性转换。句意：毫无疑问，新冠病毒是一场严峻的社会挑战，但是如果我们都有所贡献，并且负起责任，那么我们是可以战胜它的。此处用于修饰动词behave，应用副词，表示“负责地”，故填responsibly。]
Ⅳ.应用文写作
(日照市2020高三校际联合检测)假定你是李华，负责学校新年晚会的筹备工作。请你给你校留学生John写信，邀请他参加演出并做好准备。内容如下：
1．晚会的时间和地点；
2．演出内容：唱中文歌或朗诵唐诗。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John，
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear John，
How are you？We are organizing a New Year Party in our school's No.2 Lecture Hall on January 22nd before the Chinese New Year.I'm writing this letter to invite you to participate in it.
There will be a variety of different performances. You are expected to show your talent by singing a Chinese song or reciting a Tang poem.You have enough time to prepare for it, and I can't wait to hear your charming voice again.
See you then!
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2020山东省滨州市高三五校联考)I kept a picture of John and me. John was my Uber driver on my way to the airport yesterday.
I asked him if I could sit in the front seat. He wasn't expecting it but said, “Of course！” As we drove, he asked why I was traveling, and I said for work. Then he asked if I was about 28. I said about 27.
The next thing he said filled my eyes with tears. Three years ago, John's daughter passed away unexpectedly at 29—she left behind a 4­y