2022版高考英语一轮复习-9-优秀品行正确的人生态度公民义务与社会责任课时提能练.doc

2022版高考英语一轮复习 9 优秀品行正确的人生态度公民义务与社会责任课时提能练

2022版高考英语一轮复习 9 优秀品行正确的人生态度公民义务与社会责任课时提能练

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课时提能练(九)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(山东新高考命题研究专家原创卷)Uminur Kuchukova of Russia could have retired years ago. Yet the 61­year­old teacher keeps working at a school in the Siberian village of Sibilyakovo.She continues to teach for one reason: the school's one and only student, a nine­year­old boy. Kuchukova is to leave next year for health problems, which means the school will close.
Sibilyakovo is like thousands of villages across Russia: Many people moved out of it after the closure of the local state­operated collective farm. Sibilyakovo is mainly home to Tatars, a Turkic group that is one of many minorities in Russia. In the 1970s, the village had a population of 550 and a primary school with four classes. Each class had about 18 children.Today the village's population has shrunk to 39.
Kuchukova has taught at the school for 42 years. She has bought a home in the town of Tara, about 50 kilometres away and plans to retire there with her husband at the end of the school year. By then，she hopes, her only student will be old enough to travel to a neighboring village for classes. But the nearest school is a 30­minute boat ride across the Irtysh River followed by a 20­minute ride on a school bus.
Kuchukova does not think her student, Ravil, is ready yet for making such a trip every school day. “His parents don't want to leave Sibilyakovo yet and it's scary to send a little boy like him over the Irtysh. There are such big waves，” she says.
And even when she herself will finally retire and go to live in Tara, Kuchukova will not leave her past behind，saying，“My parents are buried here; a part of me is here.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。俄罗斯的一个名字叫Sibilyakovo的小村庄，因为Kuchukova老师的退休，面临小学关闭的问题，Kuchukova老师对此感到依依不舍。
1．Why did so many people leave Sibilyakovo?
A．Because there was no good school.
B．Because it wasn't comfortable to live there.
C．Because they wanted to make a living.
D．Because they hated working on the local farm.
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Many people moved out of it after the closure of the local state­operated collective farm”可知，当地国营集体农场关闭后，许多人搬走了，也就是说农场的关闭导致他们失业，他们只好到其他地方谋生，故选C。]
2．How does Kuchukova feel when it comes to Ravil?
A．Worried.　　　　　 B．Hopeful.
C．Proud. D．Guilty.
A　[观点态度题。根据第三段的“But the nearest school is a 30­minute boat ride across the Irtysh River followed by a 20­minute ride on a school bus”可知，Ravil去最近的学校需要乘30分钟的船和乘坐20分钟的校车，再根据第四段的“it's scary to send a little boy like him over the Irtysh.There are such big waves”可推知，Kuchukova老师担心Ravil的安全问题。故选A。]
3．Which of the following best describe Kuchukova as a teacher?
A．Responsible and caring.
B．Careful and positive.
C．Patient and determined.
D．Selfless and confident.
A　[推理判断题。根据第一段的“She continues to teach for one reason：the school's one and only student”可知，这位老师是有责任心的(responsible)；第四段提到她担心9岁的Ravil一个人去上学的安全问题，说明她对学生很关心(caring)，故选A。]
4．What does the last paragraph convey?
A．Kuchukova's love for Tara.
B．Kuchukova's plan for future.
C．Kuchukova's memory of her parents.
D．Kuchukova's bond with the village.
D　[推理判断题。根据尾段的“Kuchukova will not leave her past behind”和“My parents are buried here；a part of me is here”可知，Kuchukova不会忘记自己在这个小村庄过去的生活，而且她认为自己的一部分就在这里，由此可推知，她与这个小村庄之间有很深的情感牵绊。故选D。]
B
(河北省“五个一名校联盟”2020届高三第一次诊断考试)In the late 1960s, the anthropologist (人类学家) Edmund Carpenter arrived in New Guinea armed with mirrors, videos and Polaroid cameras，and a mission：to disrupt (扰乱) the minds of members of the Biami tribe，who had never seen full reflections or images of themselves. “After their first astonished response—covering their mouths and ducking their heads—they stood frozen, staring at their images.” Carpenter's devices disturb that inner image, causing discomfort.But not for long.Within days, the villagers groomed (打扮) themselves openly before mirrors and began taking Polaroid shots of each other.
It's unclear if the People of Biami were really as unfamiliar with mirrors as Carpenter thought. But in any case, what's striking isn't how strange their reaction seems, but how related. Do you know how it feels when you make a pleasant remark in a lift, but nobody responds? Or when two people greeting each other misjudge whether to go for a handshake, a hug or a social kiss？That's the same awkwardness —“self­consciousness tinged with uncertainty”，as Dahl defines it.Suddenly，I see I'm viewed not as a friendly conversationalist, but as a strange person who talks in the lift.
As awkwardness feels unpleasant, it's natural to want to overcome it.Dahl's initial motivation for writing her book Cringeworthy：A Theory of Awkwardness, was to get over her own awkwardness. But after a journey through various awkward experiences, she makes a persuasive case for celebrating it.We live in an era with more opportunities than ever to improve the image we're presenting, and more pressure than ever to do so.But awkwardness breaks that false appearance, exposing the imperfect life behind it. It creates a strange kind of social bond—how much in common we have when seeing that behind the disguise (伪装)—we're all just trying our best to seem perfect.
The awkward you, then, are the real you, the one without the defensive performance. Dahl even indicates that taking a friendlier attitude toward awkwardness might help us make the connections with people holding different opinions.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。我们会发现自己为了能够呈现美好的形象，常常使自己陷入尴尬的局面。因此本文建议，为了消除尴尬，人们应该学会坦诚地表达自己。
5．How did the people of Biami feel when they first saw themselves in the mirror?
A．Curious about their looks.
B．Satisfied with their images.
C．Shocked at their reflections.
D．Ashamed of their appearance.
C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“After their first astonished response— covering their mouths and ducking their heads—they stood frozen，staring at their images.”可知，在看到镜中的自己后，他们十分吃惊，故选C项。]
6．Which of the following awkwardness is “self­consciousness tinged with uncertainty”？
A．You slip over just to the face of your girl in dream.
B．You are caught cheating but get nothing in an exam.
C．You are found standing in public with your trousers zip open.
D．You're refused when offering your seat to a seemingly pregnant woman.
D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“That's the same awkwardness”可知，本题所选项与前文提到的当一个人在电梯里试图进行友好的谈话，却无人回应或者是当两个人互相问候，却不知道是该握手、拥抱还是行社交吻礼都是同样的一种尴尬，即试图塑造良好形象却事与愿违，D项(向一位似乎怀孕的女士让座却被拒绝)符合题意，故选D项。]
7．What causes you to feel embarrassed from time to time?
A．Seeking perfection.
B．Not knowing anything novel.
C．Avoiding pressure from others.
D．Lacking courage to face some problems.
A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“we're all just trying our best to seem perfect”可知，我们对完美的追求造成了我们的尴尬，故选A项。]
8．What can be inferred to solve our awkwardness?
A．Treat others in a friendly way.
B．Connect with your friends regularly.
C．Get ready to guard against any threat from others.
D．Express yourself honestly with no defensive cover.
D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“the real you，the one without the defensive performance”及“taking a friendlier attitude toward awkwardness might help us make the connections with people holding different opinions”可知，作者认为我们应该对尴尬采取一种更友好的方式，做真实的没有防御性的自己，D项(真诚地表达自己而不需要有防御性的伪装)符合题意。]
C
(山东省潍坊市2020年6月高考模拟考试)During the COVID­19 crisis, even the simple act of buying groceries has been completely transformed. For seniors, this task is even more challenging. Concordia University's ACT project team has joined with community partners in the neighbourhood to fill this gap.They've rapidly created a new program—COVID­19 Grocery Response NDG.
The program uses a model that pairs volunteers with seniors，based on availability and language. Those volunteers are trained by ACT's team via video conferencing and then given a list of older adults. The volunteer calls the individuals and takes their order，working with grocery offerings of a Provigo store in the area. When the call is over, the order gets sent to Provigo, which gathers and delivers the order to the senior.It won't take the place of the work of the food bank; seniors are paying for their groceries.
There is also an important social element in the call, which doubles as a friendly check­in. The volunteer chats a bit with the senior, who may be very lonely and anxious. One volunteer says it has also been a rewarding experience and gives her the opportunity to help others while staying at home，which they are all being encouraged to do.
The program is a response to a number of factors, including the fact that many older adults are on a fixed income and may not have the Internet access needed to order groceries online. It is targeting seniors who aren't able to access New Hope's usual meals on wheels service.
So far the project is a success, with a growing number of volunteers and seniors. As for what's next, Concordia is optimistic but acknowledges that the team will need to be nimble to accommodate the changing realities of the COVID­19 pandemic. We are at a critical time and we need to do everything we can, together，to help out.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在加拿大新冠肺炎疫情期间帮助老年人在商店下单购物的一个志愿者服务项目，该项目使老年人和志愿者双方都能受益。
9．What do the volunteers do to help the seniors?
A．Help them pay the bill.
B．Send their order to the store.
C．Write a shopping list for them.
D．Deliver their groceries to the door.
B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The volunteer calls the individuals and takes their order，working with grocery offerings of a Provigo store in the area.When the call is over，the order gets sent to Provigo，which gathers and delivers the order to the senior”可知，志愿者们先通过电话联系这些老年人，记下他们订购的商品，然后与当地的商店合作，将订单发送给商店，商店再对订单上的商品进行搜集，最后递送给老年人，故选B。]
10．What can we infer about the program from Paragraph 3?
A．It benefits both sides.
B．It helps the store survive.
C．It goes beyond expectation.
D．It encourages people to purchase online.
A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The volunteer chats a bit with the senior，who may be very lonely and anxious.One volunteer says it has also been a rewarding experience and gives her the opportunity to help others while staying at home”可知，在这个项目中，孤独、焦虑的老年人可以和志愿者聊天，志愿者也认为这是有益的经历，可以让他们待在家里的同时又有机会帮助别人，因此可推断，这个项目是使双方都受益的，故选A。]
11．Who might be the potential client of the program?
A．Daisy aged 45 with a heavy debt.
B．David who enjoys meals on wheels service
C．Alexander aged 75 with a retirement pension.
D．Elspeth who knows nothing about online shopping.
C　[推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“It is targeting seniors who aren't able to access New Hope's usual meals on wheels service”可知，该项目的服务对象是不会使用通常的上门送餐服务的老年人，故选C。]
12．What does the underlined word “nimble” probably mean?
A．Flexible.　　　　　 B．Beneficial.
C．Accessible. D．Qualified.
A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“accommodate the changing realities of the COVID­19 pandemic”可知，团队需要考虑新冠肺炎疫情期间不断变化的现实，由此可知，画线词的意思最接近flexible“灵活的”，故选A。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(威海市2020届高考模拟考试)
No­friend eating trend
When you eat lunch in a restaurant, you might see many people eating by themselves, watching videos on their phones. 1 Do you worry they're lonely?
You probably didn't even notice because you were looking at your own phone.The New York Post says that eating alone with electronic devices is a growing trend among young people around the world.
According to a new survey conducted by OnePoll on behalf of the U．S. Highbush Blueberry Council, the average adult eats six meals alone each week and 387 meals each year. 2 Maybe not.
“The way we define ‘togetherness’ and what it means to be connected seem to be evolving as technology evolves. Keeping our relationships strong doesn't always require being together physically，” wrote the report.
Nowadays, many young people spend more time studying and working in competitive environments. 3 Instead, it's natural to communicate with others through texts, email and social media.
Daniela Galarza, from the U．S., is one of these young people.She told the New York Post that she spent nearly 10 hours on her work every day. She said, “Engaging with my friends and families on social media platforms for about half an hour every day always helps me feel more connected with them. 4
“Today, ‘togetherness’ is more of a feeling than a physical state, and people get creative to stay connected，” a spokesperson for the U．S. Highbush Blueberry Council told the New York Post.“ 5 ”
A．I'm not lonely any more.
B．Do you feel pity for them?
C．Being together all the time is great.
D．Does it mean there are a lot of lonely people?
E．They enjoy eating alone with electronic devices.
F．They have less time to gather and eat with their friends or families.
G．The joy of being together—however you manage it—never changes.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。随着现代科技和通信技术的发展，人们虽然独处的日子多了，但并不是真的孤独，新科技反而让人们对团聚有了更新的认识。
1．B　[考查承上启下句。根据空前的“you might see many people eating by themselves...phones”及空后的“Do you worry they're lonely”可知，空处应是有关“你”对所见之事的感受的，故B项“你同情他们吗？”符合语境。B项句子结构与空后句子结构的一致性亦是提示。]
2．D　[考查细节支撑句。根据空后的答语“Maybe not”可知，空处应为问句。下文中解释了人们并不孤独，故D项“这是否意味着有许多孤独的人呢？”符合语境。选项中的“lonely”与空前句中的“alone”相呼应。]
3．F　[考查承上启下句。空前讲到现在许多年轻人在学习和工作上花费了更多的时间，空后说通过短信、邮件和社交媒体联系很正常，F项“他们很少有时间与朋友或家人聚在一起吃饭”是“communicate with others through texts，email and social media”的原因，且选项中的“less time”与前文的“more time”前后呼应，故F项符合语境。]
4．A　[考查细节支撑句。根据空前Daniela Galarza所述她和家人及朋友的联系更加密切了可知，空处应与其感受有关。A项“我不再孤单”符合语境。]
5．G　[考查细节支撑句。空前句讲到，如今，团聚更是一种感觉，而不是一种现实的状态，并且人们通过创新的方式与他人保持联系。由此可知，空处所在句应是对这一内容的延伸，故选G项(无论你用什么样的方式团聚，在一起的快乐从未改变)。]